Prejudice Depraves Criticism: A Critique of “How to Escape My Own Shadow”

Document Type : Case Report

Author
Seyyed Shahabeddin Sadati
Assistant Professor at Islamic Azad University – Roudehen Branch
Abstract
An article related to literary criticism requires precise definitions, theory and methodology. In literary criticism, one must distance himself/herself from personal criteria and seek for objective and scientific criteria. A literary critic with knowledge and experience, by adopting an objective method, distances himself/herself from prejudice and provides a disinterested criticism. Distraction from the principles of objective and disinterested criticism leads to the destruction of criticism. But sometimes there are writings that refuse to adhere to these principles; they are based only on personal criteria or conspiracy theories. Mehdi Javid Shad has published an article, “How to Escape My Own Shadow; A Critique of “Ideology and Interpellation of Black Americans’ Community in Amiri Baraka’s “In Memory of Radio”, in Literary Criticism Quarterly (no. 42). He has refused to provide accurate and scientific definitions, hypothesis and methodology because by referring to scientific and objective definitions, the basis of his writing (the charge of plagiarism) faces serious questions. He based his argument on personal assumptions and dismissed disinterested criticism to finish his note by relying on mistakes, secrecy, and conspiracy theories. By relying on the definition of plagiarism, the views of Matthew Arnold, Michel Foucault, Jorge Luis Borges, as well as the principles and methods of research, the present research attempts to highlight the mistakes made by Javid Shad in order to shed light on the other articles of this type.

Keywords

- جاوید شاد، مهدی. (1397). «چگونه از زیر سایه‌ی خود خارج شوم؛ نقدی بر مقاله ایدئولوژی و فراخواندن جامعه سیاه‌پوستان آمریکا در شعر به یاد رادیو امیری باراکا». فصلنامه نقد ادبی. ش42. صص 113 – 122.
- جعفری، علیرضا، جلال سخنور و سید شهاب الدین ساداتی. (1392). «بررسی مفهوم خرده فرهنگ مقاومت سیاهپوستان و شکل‌گیری آن در شعر امیری باراکا». دوفصلنامه نقد زبان و ادبیات خارجی. د7. ش11. صص 61 – 88.
- ساداتی، سید شهاب الدین ساداتی و علیرضا جعفری (1396). «ایدئولوژی و فراخواندن جامعه سیاه‌پوستان آمریکا در شعر «به یاد رادیو» امیری باراکا: خوانشی آلتوسری». دوفصلنامه نقد زبان و ادبیات خارجی. د14. ش19. صص 187 – 208.
- صفری، جواد. (1395). «ترجمه چیست؟ خورخه لوئیس بورخس». فصلنامه مترجم. سال بیست و پنجم. ش59. صص 111 - 120.
- نامور مطلق، بهمن. (1393). «حیف بود که نورتروپ فرای به اهالی علوم انسانی در کشور معرفی نشود/«نقد» طفیلی خلق و «منتقد» طفیلی نویسنده نیست». خبرگزاری کتاب ایران. 12 اسفند 1393. http://www.ibna.ir/fa/doc/report/219424/
- Bressler, Charles E (2011). Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. Fifth Edition. New York: Longman.
- Ferguson, M., Mary Jo Salter, and Jon Stallworthy. (2005). The Norton Anthology of Poetry. Fifth Edition, New York: W. W. Norton & Company Ltd.
- Foucault, Michel. (2001). “What is an Author?” The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. Leitch, B. Vincent, et al., eds. London: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 1622-1635.
- Hall, Vernon. (1964). A Short History of Literary Criticism. London: The Merlin Press.
- Johannan, John D. (1977). Persian Poetry in Britain and America: A Two Hundred Year History. Islamabad: Caravan Books.
- Lunenburg, Fred C. and Beverly J. Irby. (2007). Writing a Successful Thesis or Dissertation: Tips and Strategies for Students in the Social and Behavioral Sciences. New York: Corwin.
- Munday, Jeremy. (2012). Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. 3rd Edition. London: Routledge.
- Pope, Alexander. (1709). An Essay on Criticism.
http://olympos.cz/Antika/Uceni/Sarkissian/Pope.pdf
- Sadati, S. S. (2013). “The influence of ideological state apparatuses in identity formation: Althusserian reading of Amiri Baraka’s ‘In Memory of Radio’”. International Journal of English and Literature. 4 (10). pp. 480 – 485.
- English Oxford Living Dictionaries.
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/plagiarize
- Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/self-plagiarism
Literary Criticism
Volume 11, Issue 44
Spring 2018
Pages 205-221