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Volume 5, Issue 20 (12-2012)
Abstract
Abstract: Poetical theory is a methodical discussion about works the nature and instrument of which are language. Mohammad Taqi Bahar (Malekoshoara) and Ebrahim Abdolqader Mazani explained their poetical theory in a period when there was an intensive struggle between tradition and modernity in all sections and fields. Both of them, as the effective members of an outstanding literary movement (Daneshkade association in Iran and Jama'ate Divan in Egypt), played a role in explaining their poetical theory and the movement they belonged to. The present study can pave the way for literary analysts to compare the conditions of literary movement in different lands. It also provides an exact and scientific analysis of the philosophy of their success in one land and their failure in another land (or at least ups an downs of their movement in literary limits of different nations). So it compares poetical theory of Mohammad Taqi Bahar (Malekoshoara) and Ebrahim Abdolqader Mazani. After extracting and classifying the ideas of Bahar and Mazani about definition of poetry methodically, and about the position and function of poet and address in creating a poem and its content, poetical theory of these two are compared and explained. It is clarified that both of them have paid attention to poetry function rather than to its structural aspects. From the intellectual aspect, Bahar is more introvert but Mazani is extrovert. It should be mentioned that the function of European literary works and also taking effect from European literary schools is evident in Mazani poetic theory. In general, it can be said that Bahar is more traditionalist and Mazani more modernist.
Volume 12, Issue 4 (2-2025)
Abstract
The contrast between tradition and modernity has always been a driving force in the dynamics of various societies. Writers who are deeply invested in their cultural heritage, perceiving their identity intertwined with it, strive to juxtapose traditional elements against modernity while maintaining a profound understanding of their society's past. Joukha Al-Harithi, a contemporary Omani author, and Simin Daneshvar, a renowned Iranian writer, delve into the exploration of women's social status and their strengths and weaknesses within society in their respective works.
In her novel "Naranja," Al-Harithi employs a first-person perspective spanning two distinct time periods to narrate the stories of two generations grappling with an identity crisis situated between tradition and modernity. Daneshvar's celebrated novel "Souvashun" chronicles the experiences of an Iranian family during World War II, as they confront various forms of discrimination and strive to mitigate them.
Given the prominence of the tradition-modernity dichotomy in both novels, this research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of "Naranja" and "Souvashun" through a descriptive-analytical lens, focusing on this particular theme. The findings reveal that both authors utilize female characters to illuminate the contradictions and conflicts arising between tradition and modernity in domains such as marriage, family, rural, and urban life.
A key distinction between the two narratives lies in their temporal representations of tradition and modernity. While "Naranja" contrasts the past as tradition with the present as modernity, "Souvashun" simultaneously depicts both tradition and modernity within a single time frame.
