Search published articles


Showing 9 results for Symmetry


Volume 3, Issue 2 (6-2023)
Abstract

According to conciliationist (reductionist) argumentations in epistemology of disagreement, disagreement with an epistemic peer, due to epistemic symmetry, reduces the confidence in the justification. But many religious believers are not willing to take the existence of epistemic peer disagreement. They think that they have different evidence for their religious beliefs and, hence, aren’t really epistemic peers with their opponents. They present private evidence, especially religious experiences, as a symmetry breaker. For this reason, some reductionists have argued to defend the reductionist position. In this article, we examine the responses of the reductionists to this challenge. In one of these answers, it is added an “alternative explanation or story” to the conditions of epistemic peer and claimed that the true epistemic peer under full disclosure should takes into account private evidences or experiences and gives a good story or explanation about why such experiences aren’t as efficacious as the religious person might think. We show that the “alternative explanation” presented by reductionists is not readily available in the most of the religious disagreements.
 



Volume 7, Issue 5 (11-2016)
Abstract

The present study, using some morphological Persian constructions, explores Morphological Doubling Theory (Inkelas and Zoll 2005, henceforth MDT) and its essential claim as regards resulting reduplication when the morphology calls twice for a constituent of a given semantic description. In contrast to the previous theories and approaches categorizing reduplication as phonological duplication, MDT categorizes it generally as reduplication of given morpho- semantic features. To answer the research question and know whether the formation of Persian reduplicated constructions are explainable and justifiable in MDT framework or not, using two categories of semantic and morphotactic evidence, some Persian data are analyzed in MDT framework. Semantic evidence such as root allomorphoy, synonym constructions, echo reduplication, medial full reduplication and antonym constructions together with morphotactic evidence such as ezafe vowel, indifference-ke construction, interfix, linker or enclitic and melodic overwriting are some pieces of used evidence for exploring MDT framework in the studied constructions in Persian. The present study, with a descriptive-analytic method, has been carried out by studying some Persian data gathered through people’s daily natural conversations, written works on Persian morphology and authors’ intuition. Analyzing the gathered data reveals that adopting MDT, in addition to presenting a comprehensive description and analysis of Persian reduplication, makes it possible to describe and study the structure and semantic of the reduplicated constructions that were not appropriately analyzable previously. 
 
Foad Molooodi, Hamed Yazdkhasti, Niloofar Ghorbani,
Volume 12, Issue 48 (12-2019)
Abstract

The effects and actions of the two words used in the process of creating a metaphor have always been considered, how the transfer of meanings from one word to another is questioned by the researchers; there are two groups of theorists; a group forms the metaphor formation process Symmetrical and believe that the two words of the foundation and purpose play a balanced role in the process of metaphor, in contrast to the other group, they believe that in formulating the metaphor and creating the meaning of that base word, more and more, they impose their meaning on the word of the target. Slowly The main question of this article is what determines the symmetry or asymmetry of the process of metaphor? In this paper, some of the concepts in Einstein's theory of relativity such as space-time, line of world, gravity and tensor were used to study this question. Following theoretical reviews in this article, one can conclude that the "time" factor in the asymmetry of the metaphor process can be affected. In fact, in the process of metaphor, the basic word is more familiar, in other words older, more gravitational force than the meaning of its meaning on the word of the target and its meaning is affected

Volume 14, Issue 3 (6-2014)
Abstract

In the present work, the dynamics of lean (ϕ =0.5) premixed hydrogen/air flames in a micro channel with prescribed wall temperature is studied. The investigation is carried out using the low Mach formulation of Navier-Stokes equations with detailed chemistry and molecular transport for different inflow velocity. Ignition-extinction repetitive, steady symmetry flame and asymmetric flame are observed as the inlet velocity increased. Close to lower flammability limit, ignition-extinction repetitive flame was observed duo to imbalance between chemical time scale and residence time scale. In this regime, the reacting flow is affected by high wall temperature and the extinction occurred by the flow temperature. Upon increasing the inlet velocity, symmetric flame can be observed due to the balance between time scales. It is observed that further increasing the inlet velocity would cause symmetry flame to become unstable because of presence of some perturbations in flow field. Based on the obtained results, it is suggested that the perturbations are created by preferential diffusion of species.

Volume 14, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract

Achieving economic growth requires an optimal allocation system of resources at national level. This is not possible without a perfect and efficient financial market. The stock exchange as a part of capital market can provide the required national financial resources and lead to economic growth. In the capital market, information is regarded as the most valuable asset. The more the transparency of information in the stock exchange, the lower the information asymmetry and the more efficient capital market will be. This study aims to analyze the effects of the ownership share of institutional investors, the board size, the role of non-executive board and separation of chief executive officer and chairman of the board roles (separation variable) on information asymmetry in the stock exchange. It estimates a panel data regression for the companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during the fourth national development plan. The results indicate that the ownership share of institutional investors and board size have negative effects on information asymmetry, while the ratio of non-executive members to board size and separation variable have no significant effects on information asymmetry. 

Volume 15, Issue 1 (2-2011)
Abstract

This paper seeks to investigate the initial aftermarket performance of 142 ‎Iranian IPOs listed on Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 1997-2005 to ‎contribute to the growing body of international evidence on the anomalous ‎performance of IPOs in the short run. The results suggest that Iranian IPOs ‎are underpriced on the initial trading window of 1 through 4-weeks on ‎average of 14.85%, as are almost all IPOs in different countries. In terms of ‎industry sub-sectors, the adjusted initial underpricing is 70.24% for minerals, ‎‎62.31% for oil and nuclear fuel, and 1.12% for multimedia industries. ‎Finally, the investigation of possible factors influencing the high initial ‎positive returns in TSE (the size of the issue, age of the issuing firm, ‎financial risk of the issuing firm, gross proceeds from the issue, market ‎sentiment, offer rate and the institutional ownership of the issue) indicates ‎that the offer rate and financial risk of the issuing firm are significant ‎determinants of the initial underpricing of Iranian IPOs. As such, the results ‎yield strong support for the signaling hypothesis as possible explanation for ‎the underpricing phenomenon on the Iranian IPO market.‎

Volume 17, Issue 2 (3-2017)
Abstract

Rotor dynamics is known as the study of vibrational behavior in axially symmetric linear rotating structures. Devices such as engines, turbines, compressors and generators are located in this category. Study of vibrational behavior of these structures in different rotational velocities yields to recognition of critical points and preventing failures, especially high cycle fatigue. The case study of the present paper is a bladed disk used in the first stage of compressor of a gas turbine engine. The material of machined integrated bladed disk is aluminum alloy. The simulations have been done by ANSYS finite element software. By using the cyclic symmetry module of ANSYS the nodal diameter mode shapes of structure have been obtained. In the next step, experimental modal analysis test has been done by measuring 58 points on the bladed disk and the nodal diameters have been obtained experimentally. Finally, experimental and simulation results have been compared to each other. The novelty of this paper is the experimental procedure of obtaining nodal diameter of a bladed disk, which is so useful in verification of numerical simulation.

Volume 20, Issue 4 (4-2020)
Abstract

In this research, the thermo-mechanical behavior of SWCNTs reinforced polymer has been characterized using an analytical method based on semi-continuum modeling. For this reason, a representative volume element of CNT reinforced polymer with cyclic symmetry boundary condition is used while the nanotube reinforcement is modeled in nanoscale and its surrounding polymer is considered as a continuum environment. Applying the cyclic symmetry boundary conditions in the problem-solving procedure causes satisfactory agreement between the results of the analytical method and the actual conditions. The interphase between the nanotube and polymer is also modeled using the cohesive stresses and the mechanical properties extracted from the Vander-Waals forces between the atoms of nanotube and polymer. In general, the thermal residual stresses in polymer/CNT nanocomposites can occur due to the significant differences between the thermal expansion coefficient of polymer and CNT. In the present paper, the semi-continuum modeling has been firstly explained and then the role of some effective parameters such as volume fraction, aspect ratio, and temperature change on the residual thermal stresses has been studied. Although, based on some available researches in macro scale, it seems that adding the CNTs to polymer leads to decreasing the thermal expansion of nanocomposite and consequently decreasing its thermal residual stresses. However, the results of this paper show that by inappropriate selection of some parameters such as the volume fraction and aspect ratio of nanotubes and also the temperature change, the residual thermal stresses increase between the polymer and nanotube which it can weaken the material strength.


Volume 20, Issue 5 (7-2018)
Abstract

 This study investigates the price transmission in the Iranian fluid milk market. We applied a Markov-switching vector error correction model on the monthly price data from March 2003 to December 2015 to allow for multiple regime shifts in the relationship between farm and retail prices. According to Granger Causality Test, there is one side causality relation from producer’s price to consumer’s price. Due to the existence of positive price asymmetry in farm-retail price transmission, the retail prices would incline more quickly in response to increases in farm price than to its decreases, implying serious welfare losses to the consumers. Main results show existence of a positive price asymmetry in the market. In the long run, price transmission is perfect, while in the short run, price adjustment between two market levels is asymmetric. On the other hand, retailers benefit from any shock that affects supply or demand conditions.

Page 1 from 1