---

Edaphic Mesostigmata are important, because these feed on arthropods and other invertebrates which may affect on natural equilibrium position of oter living micro-organisms. In order to study the fauna of mesostigmatid mites, samples of soil, litter were collected from different parts of Esfahan region. Mites were extracted by means of Berlese funnel, cleared in Lactic acid and mounted with Hoyer's medium. In this research, the world and Iranian distribution of species with some information about their habitats were provided. Two genera and 3 species were recorded as new records for Iran mite fauna that are marked by an asterisk. The list of identified genera and species is as follows: Ascidae: Arctoseius cetratus (Sellnick, 1940), A. pristinus^* Karg, 1962, A. venustulus (Berlese, 1917), Gamasellodes bicolor (Berlese, 1918); Blattisociidae: Lasioseius sugawarai Ehara, 1964, L. youcefi Athias-Henriot, 1959; Melicharidae: Proctolaelaps pygmaeus (Muller, 1860); Parholaspididae: Proparholaspulus^* angustatus^* Ishikawa, 1987 Trachytidae: Uroseius^* traegardhi^* (Hirschmann & Zirngiebl-Nicol, 1969).  

---

Language as a social phenomenon is associated with the construction of social and community values; an interactive and two-way communication, so that either language has an impact on the social construction, and social context and environment have influences on language. In some cases, language differences may lead to differences in perception of the world. The main goal of this paper is Comparative investigating the function of language in justice development (called: Linguistic Justice). The results showed that in lingual justice approach, justice is built based on the language constructs, and it develops and strengthens the linguistic capabilities of every society. Therefore, to achieve a just society, using of just words, and just language as well as understanding the concepts of justice are more emphasized. Use of degrading words for highlighting of humane defects or showing the influence and power are forbidden and enrichment of language by justice words is very important as a main agenda. In other words, stigmatizing language, which is based on detecting of rebuke differences of people and setting a hierarchy of power, will be against the requirements of lingual justice.

---

Edaphic mites of the order Mesostigmata have important effects in soil ecosystems and food chains.In order to study the fauna of Laelapidae (Mesostigmata), soil samples were collected from different parts of Shahreza vicinity in Esfahan province, Iran, during 2010-2012. Among collected species a new species of Gaeolaelaps has been collected from soil and litter and described based on adult female specimens. Some morphological characters of G. jondishapouri Nemati & Kavianpour were discussed in this paper. A key to Gaeolaelaps species of Iran is provided.  

---

This paper reports some species of Ameroseiidae from various habitats in different parts of Iran. Ameroseius bassolase (Vargass, 2001)has been reported from Iran, but it was a misidentification of Sertitympanum aegyptiacus Nasr & Abow-Awad, 1984. Redescription of Ameroseius lidiae Bregetova, 1977 based on female specimens is also presented.  

---

A faunestic study on Stigmaeidae and Cryptognathidae families in Lorestan province was carried out during 2012-2013. In this study 18 species were collected and identified, of which Favognathus amygdalus and F. cordylus (Cryptognathidae) were new records for Iranian fauna, also all of the collected species in this study were new records for fauna of Lorestan province. Stigmaeidae with 14 species and Cryptognatidae with four species had the highest and lowest number of identified species, respectively.

---

Soil-dwelling mites and especially Gamasina (Mesostigmata) are very important to soil ecosystems. They are one of the major groups rich in species and abundance. In order to study mesostigmatic mite fauna, soil samples were collected from different oak forests of Lordegan region. The mites were extracted using Berlese-Tullgren funnels and then cleared in Lactic acid and mounted in Hoyer's medium. This study reports on the distribution of soil mesostigmatids in Iran and world-wide. Twenty species belonging to 13 genera of five families were collected and identified. Species are listed as follows: Ascidae: Arctoseius cetratus (Sellnick, 1940), Gamasellodes bicolor (Berlese, 1918), Antennoseius (Antennoseius) bacatus Athias-Henriot, 1961, Antennoseius (Antennoseius) masoviae (Sellnick, 1943). Blattisociidae: Lasioseius youcefi Athias-Henriot, 1959. Laelapidae: Cosmolaelaps rectangularis Sheals, 1962, Euandrolaelaps karawaiewi (Berlese, 1903), Gaeolaelaps aculeifer (Canestrini, 1883), Gaeolaelaps minor (Costa, 1968), Gaeolaelaps oreithyiae (Walter & Oliver, 1989), Haemolaelaps fenilis (Megnin, 1875), Haemolaelaps shealsi (Costa, 1968), Haemolaelaps schusteri (Hirschmann, 1966), Laelaspis kamalii Joharchi and Halliday, 2012, Laelaspis missouriensis (Ewing, 1904), Gymnolaelaps canestrinii (Berlese, 1903), Gymnolaelaps obscuroides (Costa, 1968). Ologamasidae: Sessiluncus hungaricus Karg, 1964, Allogamasellus sp.; Veigaiidae: Veigaia planicola Berlese, 1882. The genus Allogamasellus and Haemolaelaps schusteri are reported for the first time for Iranian mite fauna and the male of Laelaspis kamalii is reported for the first time for world fauna.

---

During a comprehensive survey of the heterostigmatic mites associated with dung beetles in the hyrcanian forests, northern Iran, several colonies of the pygmephoroid mites including four species of the genus Spatulaphorus Rack, 1993, S. copridis Khaustov, 2007, S. gorganica Rahiminejad & Hajiqanbar, 2011, S. vladimiri Khaustov, 2005 and S. geotruporum Khaustov, 2005 phoretic on Geotrupes spiniger (Marsham, 1802) were found. This is the first record of S. geotruporum from Asia. Furthermore, this is the first record of phoresy of S. geotruporum on G. spiniger.

---

Mites of the families Parasitidae and Laelapidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) are among the most common and widely distributed mites of the suborder Gamasina. During 2015-2017, fauna of parasitid and laelapid (Acari: Mesostigmata) mites from domestic animal manure collected and surveyed in Khuzestan Province, southwestern Iran.Totally, four Parasitidae species belonging to three genera and seven Laelapidae species belonging to four genera collected from domestic animal manure in Khuzestan Province. Among them, Cornigamasus ocliferius Skorupski & Witaliński, 1997 is a new record for mite fauna of Asia and Androlaelaps projecta Furman, 1972 is a new name for mite fauna of Iran. Four species are new to Khuzestan Province fauna as well. We also recorded six manure-associated species which have never been previously reported from manure in Iran. Parasitus fimetorum (Berlese, 1904) was the most frequent Parasitidae species among our records. The mites distribution and habitats data in Khuzestan Province are provided for all of the species, together with some taxonomic and bio-ecological notes.

---

One of the procedures of criticism is the combination approach of sociology-psychology in analyzing the literal texts, especially a drama and mental situation of a traumatized and terrified person in an autocratic society that is realized from storied writings, particularly novels. Tanab Keshi, written by Majid Gheisari, is a realistic novel about the holy defense. This novel depicts the living conditions of a traumatized Persian origin family, away from the imposed war between Iran and Iraq. This study has clarified the intertexual relation by Rolan Barests` theory—intertexuality reading—; then, base on Ervin Gaffman`s theory – stigma—and the theoretical approach of Adler—inferiority complex—has tried to find a remedy to retrieve the blemished identity of a traumatized character. This study indicates that the novel`s text has a hidden intertexual connection with the three of the previous texts: Quran, stigma, and Masnavi Molana.Ethnic-religious stigma that involves other family members is a sign of mental-cultural problems of an autocratic society. One of the consequences of this kind of stigma for family members is having disappointment about being accepted by the society; moreover, the feeling of having an ominous destiny, unsafety, and also being stranded in perilous mental obsessions such as, inferiority complex which has affected Fares (the narrator) and made him to have a defensive and forcible reaction, so that it has brought malice and vengeance.

---

Aims: Covid-19 infected patients are necessarily treated under isolation procedures in health facilities. However, those who have clinically mild symptoms are recommended to self-isolate. This study aims to explore the experiences of Covid-19 survivors who underwent self-isolation from the beginning of infection until declared cured.
Participants & Methods: Phenomenological design study was used in this qualitative research to describe the experiences of Covid-19 survivors who were under self-isolation in Semarang, from the beginning of infection until declared cured. Data was collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews through offline and online methods.
Findings: Positive thinking and the support of family and companions motivated them to survive in self-isolation conditions. Environmental stigma was the most undesirable obstacle felt by the Covid-19 survivors during self-isolation at home. Covid-19 survivors experiencing clinically mild symptoms tended to distrust the media because the media provides frightening information about Covid-19.
Conclusion: Positive thinking and family support are the successful keys to self-isolation. Media can be used responsibly to reduce stigma and to support Covid-19 sufferers who are undergoing self-isolation.

---

Leptus (Leptus) molochinus (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae) was collected as an ectoparasite on Ophion sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Paederus fuscipes Curtis, 1826 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), Cicadella viridis (L. 1758) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Peritrechus sp. (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae); the ectoparasitic mite, Solistrus mitrae Saboori, Ueckermann & van Harten, 2008 was also found on an undetermined ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Guilan province, Iran. Additional morphometric data for L. (L.) molochinus larvae are provided. Solistrus mitrae is reported for the second time in the world. Ophion sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), P. fuscipes (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), C. viridis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Peritrechus sp. (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) are recorded as new host taxa for L. (L.) molochinus and unknown ant species is new host for S. mitrae.

---

Aims: The pandemic corona is known as one of the most important challenges in the world. At the same time, the stigma associated with COVID-19 threatens different groups, including patients, recoveries, and healthcare workers. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of stigmatization during the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare providers in Iran.
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study, in which 527 people were selected using simple random sampling, was conducted in 2022. The overall COVID-19-related stigma score was calculated from 18 to 62 with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.906. SPSS 25 software was used for data analysis by independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Chi-square.
Findings: The highest percentage of the obtained score was assigned to, the practices to avoid infection with COVID-19 (48.1%) and anxiety or fear of being affected (47%). Among the domains of stigma, the most important predictor of anxiety or fear of being affected was the policy of health settings (R²=0.735).
Conclusion: Ongoing education, adherence to infection prevention and control protocols, and personalized strategies have the most significant role in improving healthcare workers' compliance in averting COVID-19 transmission.
 

---

Aims: Infertility can cause social stigma and erode sexual self-esteem in women, highlighting the need to explore interventions like mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to address these challenges. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on infertility-related stigma and sexual self-esteem in infertile women.
Materials & Methods: This was a three-stage (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up) two-group (experimental and control) quasi-experimental study. To conduct the study, all infertile women referred to infertility treatment centers in Isfahan City in early 2023 were recruited using a convenience sampling method based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 40 participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=20) or the control group (n=20). The sample group completed the Infertility-Related Stigma Questionnaire and the Sexual Self-Esteem Scale in three stages: Pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The experimental group received an 8-session MBCT (one 90-minute session per week). Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the results.
Findings: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly improved infertility-related stigma in the social withdrawal, family stigma, and public stigma dimensions (p<0.01). However, the intervention was not significantly effective in enhancing sexual self-esteem in infertile women.
Conclusion: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly reduces infertility-related stigma, specifically in the social withdrawal dimension.
 

---

Aims: Depression, anxiety, and psychiatric symptoms are more prevalent among women than men. Given the significance of depression literacy and its associated factors, this study aimed to explore the level of depression literacy and its correlation with depression stigma and attitudes toward seeking help among Iranian women attending health centers in Saveh City.
Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed 280 women aged 18-65 selected through cluster sampling from September 2023 to December 2023 in Saveh County, Iran. Reliable and validated tools, including the D-Lit Questionnaire, Attitude Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale, and DSS-Personal Subscale were utilized for data collection. Data analysis was conducted using independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA. Predictors were identified through hierarchical linear regression analysis.
Findings: The lowest correct answer rate was associated with knowledge of available treatment methods (15.4%). The mean scores for D-Lit, attitude toward seeking help, and personal depression stigma were 41.36±4.83, 23.63±3.69, and 25.39±4.36, respectively. Education level, consultation with a psychologist, attitude toward seeking help, and depression stigma collectively accounted for approximately 23% of the variance in depression literacy.
Conclusions: The level of depression literacy among Iranian women is insufficient.

---

Alia Ataiee, an Iranian-Afghan writer, has used the issues and problems of Afghan immigrants living in Iran as the subject of her storytelling in the collection "Dog's Eye". Immigrants, most of whom have been harassed by the inhabitants of the host country because of their nationality, and this has had a significant impact on their behavior and social interactions. The present study seeks to investigate and describe the behavior of the characters in the stories of this series based on the principles of Goffman's thought, especially in the context of the national stigma. The results show that the behaviors and social interactions of the characters in the stories "Like Galileo", "Backyard", "Death of aunt Homa" and "Balkhi elephant" are affected by the heat of national stigma and in the story "Thirty Kilometers" are affected by the heat of physical stigma. The issue that has caused these characters to suffer from unbalanced mental states and irrational actions in the process of recovering their lost identities.

---

This paper aims to study Shaharnush Parsipour's novel Touba and the Meaning of the Night" (1368) in the framework of  Erving Goffman's theory of Stigma: Management of Spoiled Identity (1963). This theory examines the relationship between people in daily life. This novel narrates the life of Touba from the late Qajar to the Pahlavi period. While using an anthropological approach, the present descriptive-analytical research tries to answer which themes of Goffman's Stigma are more prominent in the novel regarding Touba, who narrates the story. The results indicate that the novel's most important stigmas and labelings are feelings of anonymity or loss of identity, disgust, rejection, anti-currentism, social dissent, and doubts about Touba's character, which often has a psychological and cultural basis. The disrespect, hesitation, ominous feeling of destiny, insecurity, obsession, and inferiority complex, and consequently, the arousal of hatred and revenge surrounded Touba more than anything else.

---

Flavoring edible oils is aimed at enhancing oxidative stability and creating desirable sensory properties to expand their market. This study aimed to produce saffron-flavored sunflower oil using various solid-liquid extraction techniques including stirring-assisted maceration (SAM), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The study aims to optimize the effective parameters in each extraction method and characterize the physicochemical properties of the flavored oils. The UAE method effectively extracted bioactive compounds of saffron stigma in a shorter time frame. However, the high energy input during the UAE process led to the deterioration of its physicochemical and sensory properties. Similarly, in the MAE method, sensitive and volatile compounds of saffron stigma were degraded. Alternatively, the SAM method, in a gentle and continuous process, managed to dissolve a high concentration of saffron compounds in the oil while preserving its physicochemical and sensory properties. The optimal concentrations of picrocrocin, safranal, and crocins were determined to be 317, 56, and 160 mg L^-1, respectively. The aromatized sunflower oil presents a promising novel product for diverse food applications and market expansion.
 

---

The stigma as one of the most important concepts of Erving Goffman in dramatic sociology that investigates the identity that arises with the creation of a gap between social identity (that arises in the interaction with other people) and the potential identity (with which individuals define themselves). Such people are not able to follow the common norms of society and as a result they are not accepted by others and a "stigma" is put on their forehead. In the novel Chicago by Alaa Al  Aswany, we are witnessed to the stigma attached to two main female characters, Shayma (Egyptian) and Carol (American). These two Eastern and Western women who are dealing with the stigma. With a descriptive-analytical method, this study tries to investigate the "Stigma" theory of Goffman and to analyze the action of each of the female protagonists against the stigma and find solutions for it. The results indicate that Shayma is facing the stigma of having an illicit relationship with her classmate and getting pregnant by him, and to get rid of it, she has an abortion. But Carol suffers from ethnic-racial stigma that has faced her with social rejection, she succumbs to other stigmas in order to get rid of it and achieve a desirable social status.