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Showing 3 results for Rationalism


Volume 9, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract

Carl Raymond Popper(1902- 1994), an Austrian philosopher presented his theory as critical rationalism and affected quickly this theory in different aspects of human life. Critical rationalism with criticism of traditional and inclusive rationality created an important development in the field of epistemology. This article with the descriptive and analytical method by studying all aspects of his theory has classified it into five major aspects. after that by studying the sonnet of Hafez, a famous Iranian poet in the eighth century, with emphasizing its critical nature, basic similarities between these two great critics are described and classified. Structural similarities of Hafiz thought has been classified into five major aspects such as the property of cognition and its masters, sources of cognition and its techniques, and the moral and religious appearance of it with emphasis on the nature of his intuitive cognition and simultaneously his objectivity and attention to society. The basic similarities of this comparison have proven Hafiz transcendental opinion and critical thought in the encounter to events of his period.
Keywords: Critical Rationalism, Intuitive cognition, Carl Raymond Popper, Sonnet of Hafez.
 
Najmeddin Jabbari,
Volume 13, Issue 49 (12-2020)
Abstract

Beyhaqi, the renowned secretary of the Ghaznavid court, was a contemporary of Ferdowsi. In his historical account, The History of Beyhaqi (Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī), written on the basis of thirty-seven years of being a court secretary, Beyhaqi revealed many details of the courtiers of the Ghaznavid era. However, he did not refer to Ferdowsi and his interactions with Mahmoud's court at all. Moreover, to enhance the persuasiveness of his words, Beyhaqi has quoted from many poets, yet no verse or stanza, though highly related to the historical events of The History of Beyhaqi, was cited from Ferdowsi. In studies on this matter, most of the researchers focused on extratextual analysis and related this to Ferdowsi’s life events and his rejection by Mahmoud court. Noteworthy, an intratextual analysis of Shahnameh has been mostly ignored. Studying and examining these studies has shown that most researchers have imposed their own preferences on the analyses, undermining the validity of their studies. The current paper, by employing an analytical and descriptive methodology, was aimed at studying the anti-mythical views of writers, contemporary to Beyhaqi. After analysis, it became apparent that mythical texts, in Beyhaqi’s view, were considered as irrational and unimportant and Shahnameh was no exception. Therefore, he refrained to quote from Ferdowsi in his book.
 


Volume 15, Issue 1 (1-2008)
Abstract

Throughout the years, philosophers and psychologists have striven to solve the mind-boggling question of learning by juxtaposing the two competing theories, namely, empiricism and rationalism. They have usually opted for one and ruled out the other on the grounds that it cannot account for learning because theoretical and empirical evidence discredits it. Since 1965, with the publication of Chomsky's Aspects of the Theory of Syntax in which, he explicitly introduces the notion of Universal Grammar and implicitly employs the term to support Fodor's philosophical view of learning in terms of 'language of thought', the rationalistic arguments seem to have taken over this never-ending and perpetual battle. Here in this article, it is argued that despite its popularity among a good number of scholars, the rationalistic account of learning suffers from serious flaws. A conglomerate of empirical and theoretical evidence challenges the notion of 'language of thought'. Self-interpretive power of the language of thought, inaccessibility of cognitive theories to truth conditional meaning, meaningful experiences, inability to test memory, problems with modularity and regulation are simply some of the arguments that might be raised against the idea of 'language of thought'. Finally, a framework for the acquisition of language is presented.

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