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    The Islamic Revolution, by transforming the political, social, and cultural foundations of the society, paved the way for experimenting with new modes of novel-writing. In the 1990s, postmodernism became a dominant trend in the Persian novel. Refusing to obey the standard form of the novel as a genre, both in the content and style, the postmodern Iranian novelists have tried to keep pace with their international counterparts and to experiment with new forms. The epistemic background for this literary movement has been the postmodern philosophy. Postmodernism, against Enlightenment rationalism and the concept of an autonomous subject, concentrates on the questions of language and discourse. In addition to describing the position of language in postmodernism, the present study attempts to explain the rhetoric and ideological techniques in the postmodern Persian novels. Studying the linguistic components of these novels at the two levels of ideology and rhetoric, our research reveal that these works of art more frequently employ rhetoric techniques and that there is not a single ideology ruling over them.

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Jean Baudrillard's theory of "simulation" is one of the postmodernist theories that seek to discover the formation of false truths in the thought of contemporary human. This theory, along with issues such as consumerism in the life of contemporary man and his captivity in the grip of capitalism, can explore the deep layers of postmodern human bewilderment. Applying this theory to the literary text is considered an interdisciplinary analysis. The present article has tried to analyze the impersonation of the Buddha by descriptive-analytical method and by applying the theory of pretense in the reading of the ode "The Prayer of Ghosts" by Nazhz al-Malaika and present a postmodernist reading of it and explain how the poet was able to use the simulation to create a new Buddha completely different from the real Buddha, a Buddha who is not the savior of humanity and suffers from constant torment and deprivation of peace. The conclusion of the article is that in this ode, the Buddha represents the same capitalist system that enslaves man and does not even allow him to die. This research can be considered as a new step in understanding postmodern philosophy and offering a new way to read literary texts that have not yet been analyzed in Arabic.