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Modern societies employ the powerful instrument of technology as a sort of colonialization of mind and, thus, implement control in a new manner in society. Replacing the dream of utopia in modern societies with a nightmare of anti-utopia, consumer technology creates a new space leading to the creation of a thoroughly totalitarian regime. Hence, such theorists as Adorno and Marcuse believe that what scientific advances bring is not order but imitation and homogeneity of individuals with society as a result of which not only one's awareness but also all man's cultural inheritance and his manner of articulation become homogenized. In such societies, the propaganda of commodities upholds consumerism as an alternative to protest or rebellion. Thus, mass consumption and mass culture set up the condition for totalitarianism through different systems of control, technology being one of which. Individuals in such societies will be seduced by the force of technology which brings about mass consumption and constructs passive submissive masses who lack a voice of their own. Don DeLillo warns against how modern masses' passive consumption of commodities will lead to inertia and how a consumer culture diminishes people's social relationships and their sense of autonomy. Therefore, the present study aims at analyzing the way DeLillo's novel urges readers to reconsider the way that consumer technology and mass cultural forces might affect individuals' lives. The main finding of the research is that DeLillo displays how totalitarian systems utilize modern consumer technologies as agents of manipulation and indoctrination to discipline their subjects.

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Most of the common oil and gas fields are located in the Persian Gulf, which is one of the shallowest seas in the world. The region of West Asia and the Persian Gulf is experiencing countless geopolitical tensions. Historically, these common oil fields are a source of conflict and tension that has led to wars. Iran and Iraq have 15 common oil fields. The present study, entitled Analysis of the geopolitical consequences of the shared oil resources between Iran and Iraq, seeks to answer the question of what role the shared oil resources of Iran and Iraq play in the relations between the two countries. Also, descriptive-analytical method and Dimetal technique have been used to investigate the title of the research. The findings of the research show that variables such as regional competition, unilateral development of common oil fields, close economic cooperation, regional differences, Iran's economic growth and the reduction of the effect of sanctions, different business partners, differences in attracting foreign investment, Iran's inability to invest, geopolitical convergence in the Strait of Hormuz, joint ventures, instability in economic diplomacy, etc. in the region indicate high interaction and strong systemic connection with other variables. Based on the analysis, it seems that it is necessary for Iran to develop relations with Iraq with a detailed analysis of the current situation and according to Kargosha's predictions about the future, while trying to maintain its share and wealth in common reservoirs and foreign investment in the oil industry in order to transform potential threats into new opportunities and provide maximum benefits by creating cooperation.


 

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The region of North Africa and the Middle East is considered one of the important geopolitical regions, which has been the focus of regional and extra-regional powers for a long time. Meanwhile, in the last days of 2010, Tunisia witnessed massive protests due to the self-immolation of a young man named Mohamed Bouazizi, which entered a new phase on January 14, 2011, when Ben Ali fled. During Ben Ali's time, Tunisia had very close relations with the United States of America and France, but after the popular protests of these countries, they demanded to accept the structural changes in this country. In the meantime, the Islamic Republic of Iran also opened relations with Tunisia after the revolution in this country due to historical, religious and cultural affinities. Therefore, we can witness the expansion of relations between the two countries in the regional and international arena. This article seeks to answer this question, what factors are effective in the geopolitical relations between Iran and Tunisia in the era after the Arab Spring? In the current research, the descriptive-analytical method and Dimetal technique were used. The findings of the research showed that variables such as trade development, diplomatic relations, holding cultural events, increasing the sensitivity of Arab countries towards Iran, strategic economic dialogues and agreements, Shiite associations and alliances in Tunisia, Shiism in Tunisia, cultural diplomacy. And... in the region, it has shown a high importance in the relations between the two countries after the Arab Spring. Therefore, in order to succeed in its relations with Tunisia, the Islamic Republic of Iran should make the most of its economic and Shiite factors.

 

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Geopolitics is considered a tool for advancing foreign policy goals. Geopolitics is an effort to push the world towards a situation where political affairs and its perspectives are considered integrated and uniform. Therefore, foreign policy objectives should be evaluated in line with its geopolitical perspective, which will include material resources to ideological and semantic resources. In the meantime, Iran's interaction with the African continent and Ethiopia increased significantly in the 1960s-1970s, which was influenced by economic, political and strategic factors. This research was written with the aim of explaining and investigating the geopolitical factors influencing the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Ethiopia using descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the research showed that geographical, economic, cultural, political, security factors, the presence of regional and extra-regional powers are among the important factors that have pushed the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards Ethiopia. Because Ethiopia has long-standing historical and cultural ties with Iran, and from the economic point of view, due to its proximity to West Asia, it can be considered as Iran's gateway to Africa and to some extent free Iran from international isolation that it has not been able to so far. is to take advantage of this unique situation properly. As a result, it can be said that the Islamic Republic of Iran will be able to increase its influence in this country through the formulation of policies in the economic, cultural and political dimension
 

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In recent decades, Africa is increasingly recognized as an important geopolitical player in the national and international arena. Therefore, the traditional and emerging powers pay a lot of attention to this continent. Many of them are revising their strategies in dealing with this continent. The importance of Africa in the third millennium is known to world powers. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the role played by Africa in the geopolitical relations of the contemporary and future world. In order to achieve this goal, a descriptive-analytical method has been used. The findings of the research showed that Africa's relations with peripheral and core governments in the economic dimension include (agricultural institutions, digital economy, rapid economic growth, energy security, oil and gas resources, minerals) and in the political dimension including (immigration) South to North, drug trafficking, wildlife, great power competition, democracy and increasing violent extremism and Islamist terrorism. Finally, it should be stated that the growing global importance of Africa has been largely interpreted through geopolitical competition in the international arena.

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Knowledge is power (quoted from Ferdowsi), knowledge is really the ability. Science, economics and power affect each other. The interactive influences of science and technology, economy and power, are vital and widespread. The power of science, social contexts, economics context has revolutionized political thought and military power and crosses the natural boundaries and transformed the weight of the country's geopolitical.
Identifying the relationship between knowledge, economic situation and power has always been particularly importance. Studies show that in the term of economy, power, science and technology of each country are placed in a different position, and according to this position, their goals and policies are variable. In this regard, this study aimed to analyze the links between science and technology, economy and power of countries and tries to identify the relationship between the complements of science and technology, economy and power.
The research method of this paper is descriptive-analytic and data collecting method including the use of statistical resources and the study population included 37 countries which in a period of 9 years 2010 to 2018 in the form of three components were compared and evaluated.
The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between the indices of science and technology of countries and economic power, and there is a direct relation between economic power and political power of countries. In addition, countries that have a good position in terms of science and technology have a favorable position in terms of power.

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The importance of the sea and its role in world economics and politics are indisputable and it is necessary to pay attention to it. The political history of the world testifies that countries that have a maritime strategy have been powerful and developed. Due to its long beaches in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea, the country has a privileged geographic location in the country, with its other neighbors. Unfortunately, the regions of eastern and southeast Iran due to geographic isolation have always been neglected in national politics. To this end, one of the best strategies for promoting development and security in the region is the connection of the eastern parts to the Chabahar port and the coast of Makran. This research tries to explore the role of the Makran coastlines and the strategic sea politics of Iran on the development of the eastern axis using a descriptive-analytical method based on library resources. Initial studies show that if the Islamic Republic of Iran adopts a maritime strategy, Iran will witness the processing of its geopolitical, geo-economical and geostrategic advantages for the country. With the realization of the maritime policy, the Makran region is considered as a transit axis for the development of the south-east. In the face of the ostracism of a sea-based strategy based on the southeastern oceanic capacity of Iran, other Indian Oceanarians will use this potential. Therefore, it is suggested that, with a realistic and operational view, more attention be paid to maritime policy

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Political systems play a decisive role in the spatial growth and development of cities. The political role of governments in various ways can be effective in this important matter and over the past decades has played a role in both policy and allocation of scarce resources, including urban land. Kerman from 1307 to 1357 has an area of 8 km² and a population of 140761 people, which from 1357 to 1395 has expanded to 140 km² and has reached a population of 537718 people. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of politics on the spatial development of Kerman after the Islamic Revolution. The research methodology was descriptive-analytical. Data collection is based on library, documentary, and field methods, and GIS and SPSS software and spatial development analysis models were used to analyze the data. The results of the Shannon entropy model showed that the Kerman city in recent years has been a spatial expansion. This subject was happened in Kerman in recent years, especially in 1390, when the estimated entropy value is equal to 1.46. Furthermore, considering that the maximum Ln (4) = 1/38, it indicates the spatial development of this city in a spiral. Moreover, library data and the results of the T-test showed that political decisions after the Islamic Revolution of 1957 in the country, have affected the physical-spatial development of Kerman.

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Conceptual models are representations of a system that easily show us the abstract concepts of the relationships between objects in the system. In fact, no matter how systematic and meaningful the drawing of models in the field of science, can improve the understanding of issues and topics. Meanwhile, the region of Southwest Asia is of special geopolitical importance due to its privileged geographical facilities and locations, as well as its rich resources. But the developments in this region have caused the involvement of various actors. These actors, with different and even contradictory goals, ideologies, and behaviors, have caused the crisis in the region to continue. In other words, no matter how much the geographical source of power is geopolitically appropriate if there is a basis for more attractiveness to log in and the role of actors too large and large. If you are currently presenting a new tariff on geopolitics and dividing geopolitical actors into three groups: main and focal actors, semi-peripheral actors, and peripheral actors, in the next step you have tried to systematically present the geopolitical relations of Southwest Asia by presenting a conceptual model. Because accurate knowledge of the geopolitical relations between these actors allows geopoliticians to formulate the best strategy for the volatile region of Southwest Asia.

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Understanding the environment and geopolitical analysis of neighboring border cities are the most important factors that should be taken into account to establish security and expand bilateral relations, which are sought after by countries, especially cities in Southwest Asia. In recent years, some actions of neighboring countries or trans-regional countries have led to insecurity in urban areas. By understanding this concept, the characteristics of the eastern borders of Iran and the relations between Iran and Pakistan, including the cities of Zahedan and Quetta, will be studied in detail by employing a descriptive-analytical research method.

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The Persian Gulf region is one of the strategic and important regions in the world which has always attracted the attention of regional and trans-regional powers. In the contemporary world, the Persian Gulf region and the countries of the Southwest Asia region have been among the most challenging and controversial regions in the world. This region has been the hotbed of geopolitical crises and the site of ideological conflicts and the active hotspot of political and regional crises. In addition to the domestic context, the presence and involvement of trans-regional and global powers in activating and intensifying these challenges and crises have played a very crucial role. Although the macro-structures of the global geopolitical system have overshadowed this space, the powers within the region (the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia) have played a leading role in shaping the geopolitical atmosphere of the current situation, which is based on ideological and geopolitical values. The current study seeks to examine the ideological and geopolitical implications of Iran and Saudi Arabia for the region and the need to adopt a geo-economic strategy to overcome intra-regional geopolitical challenges. The results show that the adoption of a geo-economic strategy by Iran and Saudi Arabia can pave the way for a dialogue of cooperation and convergence and pave the way for entering a new regional geopolitical system for regional development and regionalism.

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Investigating and studying the political relations of countries in the international arena, especially the countries of a particular region, is of particular importance. Such studies investigate issues related to the interactions between states and factors affecting political relations between them from different perspectives. Geopolitical studies are among such studies which provide national interests and national security for countries to identify political and geographical factors and variables affecting the political relations of states and accordingly, to investigate the regional and global impacts of these relations. By looking at the political relations between Iran and Syria, as two important non-bordering Middle East countries with special geopolitical and geostrategic importance in the axis of Islamic Resistance, which plays an essential and decisive role in regional interactions and geopolitics which is significantly impacted by these relations, we can observe fluctuations due to the influence of geopolitical, political and economic factors in the interactions between them. The current study tries to examine the impact of major geopolitical factors between the two countries and finally answer the following question: What predictable prospect exists for Iran-Syria relations in the future"? In this regard, using a descriptive-analytical research method, we will test the hypothesis that "the future of Iran-Syria relations depends on the future of Syria and its future positioning." This research investigates other aspects of the future effect of the two countries' relations on the region and, like any other research studies, there were limitations and obstacles.

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Urban diplomacy is a new urban phenomenon and policy in a global urban management arena. It is also an advanced alternative policy instrument for extension of inter-cities social, cultural and political relations as well as corporations on human urban development. For these reasons, many of advanced urban regimes, especially in the western societies, attempt to apply this urban diplomacy in replace for nation-state politics as well as traditional international relations. Then, in this article, we describe both urban diplomacy theory and its relations with urban politics and urban management, as well as its urban policy experiences, which have been emerged in new urban management systems at global level of contemporary urban societies. Furthermore, according to the findings of this article, the main idea and procedure of urban diplomacy is that global mega-cities must solve their urban problems and confront with socio-cultural challenges by urban capacities, abilities and potentials, existing in urban participatory management diplomacy.

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Why is state, and in a broader view, political system or government, responsible for directing and governing individuals' conduct "both in individual and species level"? And how it accomplishes this "will of governing"? The answers to these questions appear to be different based on our way of perceiving categories such as government, power, or their due relation to the subject. The perspective design of "governmentality" by Foucault could be taken as inception of a new domain in which the triplet categories of government, power and subject are interrelated. It is shown in this perspective that how government's reluctance in using mere violence and, at the meantime, willing to govern people through it will inevitably make subjectification as the sole possible answer to the particular epistemological horizon of the governmentality problematic; an answer, which in form, on the one hand, multiplicities all government arts and, appears as multiplying all government institutions on the other. The form of conceptualizing how power operates, not only explains blurring of boundaries between persuasion and consent during the governmentalization of individuals to create desired subjects, but also it denies “the participation of desire in repressing itself”.

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China has launched the Silk Road Rehabilitation Project, a "one-way belt project," as a comprehensive regional project. The main goal of this project is to enhance the level of development of the countries between the eastern and western borders of Eurasia by facilitating regional cooperation and developing the infrastructure of the transit countries. The project has two routes: the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21^st Century Maritime Silk Road. The one-way belt project has various geopolitical, economic, political and commercial dimensions. Areas of non-economic cooperation within the framework of this project include: ensuring the security of trade routes, strengthening counterterrorism cooperation at the regional level, designing mechanisms for resolving disputes over land and sea disputes, developing marine resources, and cooperating in the field of environmental protection and increasing in cultural exchanges. This study using the descriptive- analytic method explains the geopolitical position of Chabahar port in China’s Maritime Silk Road in the 21^st Century.

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Iraq's geographical location is such that many seasonal and permanent rivers of the surrounding countries flow into it. Iraq itself lacks sufficient sustainable water resources to meet its development and infrastructure needs. Hence, the future of Iraq's security and development depends on the hydropolitical approach of the surrounding countries. Over the past decade and a half, Iran has controlled the outflow of water from the western borders of the country as part of a plan to organize and develop water and soil resources in the west of the country, which has reflected on the volume of water entering Iraq have been. The present article is of a practical nature, the methodology of descriptive- analytical text and data- based theory method is used and the required input is used by the library method and the use of data-based theory is based on the hypothesis that hydropolitics is policy-oriented. Iraqi foreigners will be more reflected in their interaction with the Islamic Republic of Iran. The results showed that with regard to the increasing limitation of water resources, increasing water consumption and reducing the inflow of Iranian border rivers to Iraq, which is associated with a threat to part of the country's water and food security, hydropolitics in the form of tension in the direction of Iraq's foreign policy in dealing with the Islamic Republic of Iran will be more reflected.

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An analysis of the state of Iran's water resources shows that hydro-political challenges have shifted from the national scale to the sub-national scale (at the catchment level) and the conflict of interests of users has led to a contradiction in the approach of agents, especially in times of drought. Meanwhile, Karkheh catchment in Khuzestan feeds by Kashkan river in Lorestan province. On the other hand, climate change and Kashkan floods have often been associated with losses. The basic agricultural livelihood of Delfan city and the prevention of floods have made the construction of Gaushmar dam on Kashkan inevitable. The construction of this dam has reduced the volume of water entering the downstream cities of the dam and the Karkheh catchment in Khuzestan, especially during dry seasons. The construction of this dam has led to the conflict of interests of the actors and the emergence of hydro-political challenges on a subsidence scale. The present article is applied and the methodology of the text is explanatory-analytic. The data and information required for the research were collected by library and field methods (interview). The result of the research showed that with the construction of Gaushmar Dam, hydro-political relations within the province (Lorestan) and extra-provincial relations between Khuzestan and Lorestan provinces have been brought hydro-political tension. The adaptation of these conflict of interests eventually led to a reduction in the height of the dam and the volume of water stored behind the dam due to the authorities’ policies.

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Because of its unique story – educational features, Klila and Demna has a certain commonality and reputation both in demostic literature and in the world literature. This book is the result of cultural exchanges among the great oriental civilizations (India, Iran and Islam) The main theme includes mainly the moral and political concepts interwoven in different layers (infrastructure and superstructure), leaving a work that one can hardly distinguish between the limist arias of ethics and politics in it. However, a deep exploration of the content of Klile and Demna reveals that. unlike the initial thought, there is a historical isputes, between ethics and politics running in different sections of it. Diving the book into the two layers of infrastructure and superstructure, this challenge will appear more obviously. Deliberation of the author(s) of klila and Demna on the necessity of dominance of ethics over politics has caused the outcome of every story to end with a certain moral results. However, during the story, especially in infrastructure layer, there are characters who, like Melancholy, believe in demoralization of politics. Therefore, we see many similarities between the Melancholia thoughts and the themes of some stories and characters of the book. Key words: Ethical critique, ethics and politics, klila and Demna, melancholy.

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Due to its nature, water resources, in addition to giving life to a land and its creatures, can be the source of differences between countries and nations with common resources and cause great losses. In this regard, a new field of research called hydro politics has been created that surveys these issues. Considering the climate situation of the Middle East and the widespread limitation of water resources in this region, the purpose of this study is to investigate the hydro political situation of Iran's joint watersheds with neighbors with emphasis on the Tigris and Euphrates, especially the Arvandrud River. Using the descriptive-analytical method, first, the resources were reviewed systematically, and then the situation of water resources in the area was identified and studied using spatial analysis. Surveys were conducted on three large scales in the Tigris and Euphrates basins, the middle scale in the Karkheh and Karun basins, and the local scale in the Arvandrud River joint area. Studies have shown that the hydro political situation in the region will become tenser with the control of water by upstream countries and due to the very high population growth and water consumption in Iraq. Also, due to Iraq's limited access to open waters and its very small and unsuitable coastline for maritime transport, there is a potential for tension in the region in the future