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Recitation of the Holy Qur’an has its own phonological rules. This paper addresses total nasal place and manner assimilation, known as “idgham”, that lead to “gemination with nasalization” and “gemination without nasalization”. The former which is accompanied by lengthening occurs in the environment where the /n/ in the coda position precedes one of the four sonorants /j/, /m/, /w/, and /n/ in the onset position of the following syllable. However, the latter which is not accompanied by lengthening occurs in the environment where /n/ in the coda position precedes either of the sonorant liquids /r/ or /l/ in the onset position of the following syllable. The present research aimed at identifying the constraints whose interactions cause either of these processes in the recitation of the Holy Qur’an within the framework of optimality theory (Prince and Smolensky, 1993/2004). The results of this paper are as follows: The [+long] geminated [n:.n] is the result of gemination of /n/ in the coda position with /n/ in the onset position. The [+long] geminated [m:.m] is the result of total nasal place assimilation of /n/ in the coda position with /m/ in the onset position. The [-long] geminated [r.r] and [l.l] are the result of total manner assimilation of /n/ in the coda position, respectively with /r/ and /l/ in the onset position. The [+long] geminated [j:.j] and [w:.w] are the result of both total nasal place and manner assimilations of /n/ in the coda position, respectively with /j/ and /w/ in the onset position.
 

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The two sides relationship between man and place has had a significant impact on the formation of various types of human culture.the relationship of place as a sign system with other cultural codes is discussed and investigated in cultural semiotics to determine the "umwelt" and " osemiosferes" of texts. A collection of poems Do Chenar by Hasan Roshan is one of the contemporary literary works in Persian language describing the history, culture and geography of North Khorasan, especially the city of Bojnord. In this collection of poems, the place element as a dynamic and fluid code is linked with other historical, social and cultural aspects of North Khorasan people which defines the osemiosferes of the text from the point of view of cultural semiotics.This article tries to analyze the semantic implications of the mentioned places in the Do Chanar based on the cultural semiotics approach of the place.The result of this study shows that the memory of ancient places (Spakho Temple, Etrak River), natural places (Faiz Abad Aqueduct, Palmis Spring), old streets and neighborhoods of the city (Sabze Maidan, Qaranga Dalan, Alang Och Agach, Shatrakhana) and modern places (cinema and cafe), religious places (Revolutionary Mosque, Imam Mosque) in Do Chanar are out of their function.

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This study was carried out to investigate alternative instead of corn gluten meal in diets and the effects of this substitution on blood biochemical and hematological parameters of common carp juvenile. Juvenile's carp with an average 11.5 ± 0.5g, 9 ± 1cm weight and length respectively, were fed with experimental diets for 8 weeks. Diets with 31% crude protein and 3100 kcal kg-1 raw energy alternative levels of 150, 270 and 490 (gr kg-1) and a control diet without corn gluten was made. At the end of the experiment, blood biochemical parameters, including glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC) in juveniles fed the experimental diets compared with the control group showed a significant difference (P0.05). Also with replacement value of corn gluten in experimental diets, it was concluded that growth and nutritional factors treatments compared with control group significantly decreased (P

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Empowerment has high impact managerial and organizational efficiency and effectiveness. On the other hand, the role of entrepreneur people to create competence advantages is undeniable. The advantages of the workplace spirituality (innovation, organizational commitment and so on) can make our organization an effective organization. So relationship between psychological empowerment, workplace spirituality and entrepreneurial behavior is the aim of this research. The conceptual model of research has been designed using these three variables. For this purpose, six hypotheses were tested. It was concluded that there is a significant relationship among three variables (psychological empowerment, workplace spirituality and entrepreneurial behavior).

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Almost all western theorists in the field of urban studies pointed to urban vitality in their books and articles. Also, vitality is a fashionable word in the lexicon of urbanism in Iran, but in fact, it received little support from urban planners, urban designers, and geographers. During the years of confrontation with western achievements and modernism in Iran, people experience the incorrect manner of using imported terms, theories and inventions. Urban vitality is another example of such experiences, and the exact meaning and position of vitality in Iranian urban contexts is still unclear. There are lots of articles and projects focusing on urban vitality without clarifying the situation on which people can pursue vitality for an urban context. In the present study, the meaning and position for urban vitality, and the misuses of this concept in Iranian urban contexts is discussed.
 

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This paper examines the Quranic stories in a narratological approach.First the problem of the research is explained and the hypothesis is raised that there is no relationship between the Quranic stories and narratology.The paper then reviews the literary on the litrary approaches to the Quran and the Holy Book.Then the genealogy of the words related to Quranic stories is given.In the next part,the components of narratology i.e. story and text levels are described and then some Quranic stories are studied in a narratological approach,using these components.Finally,more than 10 findings are proposed as the results and the paper concludes that there is a positive relationship between the Quranic stories and narratology.

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Introduction: In the modern society, the floating population has daily travels between the place of residence and the place of work or education and travels through towns and villages every day at a given time. With the expansion of Tehran metropolis, floating population was introduced as one of the city's problems. The population of Tehran, during the day, is one or several million more than the population of the city at night. For the first time, a question was asked in the Population and Housing Census in 2007, and the place of work and education of individuals were asked. In the 2012 census, two separate questions, for the place of work and education, were designed to evaluate the floating population. Using the library resources and documentary research, the present descriptive-analytical study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of population flotation on the population gap at day and night in Tehran metropolis in the census performed in 2012.
Conclusion: In 2012, Tehran metropolis accounted for about 72% of the urban population of the province and one-fifth of the floating population of the country. A total of 78% come from other provinces to Tehran metropolis due to work and 22% come for eduacation and most of the floating population is a young population. The reason for going to Tehran is education for most of the young women and work for most of the men, which is affected by socio-cultural characteristics of the society. The most important reason for the daily flow of the population toward Tehran is the lower cost of living and the lack of employment and education facilities in dormitory cities, which shows the exacerbation of the inequality in the imbalanced development of Tehran metropolis with other parts of the country, including the surrounding satellite cities.

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Spending leisure time under the influence of economic-social developments and global values ​​is one of people's concerns. This research aimed to compile the political relations of serious leisure with the intention of travel and mediation of place attachment among men and women trekking Tehran's Tochal Mountain. The research method was a descriptive correlation implemented in the field. The statistical population of the research is trekking tourists who stay 12 nights a year at the resorts of this mountain. PASS software was used to determine the sample size. Finally, 275 samples participated in the research. In order to collect data, the questionnaires of Gould et al. (2008), Ramkinson et al. (2013) and Zhang et al. (2016) were used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used using SPSS version 25 and Lisrel version 8.8 software. The results showed that the two changes of serious leisure and place attachment could predict approximately 24% of the acceptance change related to travel intention. For this reason, one of the important factors for increasing people's intention to travel for leisure activities is place attachment. Also, the findings show no difference between male and female trekkers of Tochal mountain in terms of serious leisure, place attachment and travel intention score.

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Introduction: Place is the center of geography and identity is the manifestation of culture in place. Regarding the belonging to different places, people have different actions, approaches, and tendencies. As a political event, parliamentary election plays an important role in the representation of voters’ place identities. Affected by its location, Iran, throughout history, has had a wide variety of place identities; parliament election plays a key role in revealing the diversity of identities and, consequently, the diversity of spatial pattern of voting. The present research, which has a descriptive-analytical nature, relies on the hypothesis that place identities, resulted from the diversity of dialect and the feeling of rejection due to the distance dimension, have affected the spatial pattern of voting in the form of heterogeneity of votes, dissipation of votes, and spatial conflicting relationships in Meymand district and Firoozabad constituency. To collect the data, library research method (using books and journals) and field study (questionnaire) were used.
Copnclusion: Spatial conflicts and distances from the central core of the Meymand district led to the heterogeneity of votes, the dissipation of votes, and the dispersion of votes; this spatial pattern of voting is accompanied by reducing the Maymand's influence on the overall results of the constituency.
 

 

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considering the benefits of "sense of place for the individual and society, the growth of the aging process in Iran, the importance of their presence in urban spaces as social equity and the impact of the environment on the level of performance and their sense of place, it is important to consider  environmental preferences of this population group. The aim of this research is to improve the relationship between the place and elderly and identifying the effective factors on the formation of sense of place in them. This study is in the context of qualitative methodology and content analysis. The data has been collected using a semi-structured in-depth interview technique and the sample size was determined by the theoretical saturation of the participants.
The research case is Tehran Railway Square; This square is one of the key gates of the Iranian capital. The collected data is encoded in 19 identifiers, 5 concepts and 3 categories. Categories including communicating with people, space efficiency, and space identity. Major concepts include the space-user community, space management, space facilities, space coherence, and space history. The results of this study also indicated that the view of the elderly is not limited to the form of the space, the space-users also affect their sense of place. Thus, the proposed model of this research can be a guide for urban designers and planners to have a positive effect on the sense of place of this population group according to the extracted identities.

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Traditional architecture were both more efficient and obviated in contrast with the modern architecture for the citizenry who lives in the old neighbourhood because of their design, social structure and other factors. On the other hand, the environment, life style, social concept, establish citizenry belonging to the special neighbourhood, Having belonging to the special place or environment gives citizenry calmness and it will begin during their staying and will get deeper by the time. So, the aim of this research is consendring the effects of belonging in the Dezfoul's old neighbourhoods base on physical and social dimensions(case study: Qaleh  and Rudband neighbourhood) . The research method is descriptive, fundamental research and applied type,first of all, manager's opinions about the effects of belonging were collected during an interview. The factors which have effects on the belonging were recognized and coded base on QDA software, in the following, by using of PLS software and factor analysis method, the similarity of belonging were check base on the information were collected from Two old neighbourhood. Finally, the question was rejected base on the reuths show that effects of factors (natural and physical factors, organization, mental and social factors) are different in citizenries belonging in these two neighbourhood.

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Religious places are the places for the believers to pray. Holly Qur’an clearly defines these spaces as the places that belong to Allah, and Muslims worship and express their belief there. The word ‘mosque’ is mentioned 28 times in the Holly Qur’an. The overall function of mosques aims to generate harmony, harmony of Muslims with respect to God. Mosques have two integrated purposes of religious and social activities. The religious purpose is to worship God in congregational prayer five times a day. The social purpose is to unite Muslims within the community and strengthen their social relationships. Mosque is a symbol of religion, unity, beliefs, identity, peace, strength, justice and solidarity of Muslims. It promotes collective strength; defines hierarchy and allegiance; resolves conflicts with the community; strives for social cohesion; and imparts restrictions and controls of human behavior. The ideal use of mosques was in traditional Muslim cities. They were used as multi-purpose spaces, serving for prayers, studying Holly Qur’an, making political decisions and solving socio- cultural problems. In those times, mosques had to be equally distributed in the built environment and in proportion to the size of population of various sections in the cities. Building mosques in an equal and proportional distribution provided all inhabitants equal access to the use of the spaces in a mosque. So it seems that in traditional Islamic cities mosques had more important roles; they were able to unify Islamic cities physically, socially and culturally but recently, planning of the cities lack the utilization of this characteristics. The study shows that in recent urban planning and design, religious spaces especially mosques have not been paid proper attention. This article is mainly concerned with the role of religious places and specially mosques in planning and design organization in Islamic cities. The main question here is that whether planners and designers have considered the main role of the religious spaces and mosques in planning and designing of a contemporary city for Muslims or not? It seems that there is no significant attention to religious places in the recently prepared city plans. In order to examine the above hypothesis, the comprehensive plans of five districts of Tehran Municipality (2 ^th, 3 ^th, 12^th, 17^th& 20^th regions) were selected as case studies. These parts are located in different parts of the city. To pursue the research; a number of variables were determined and defined. What we found out is that one of the reasons for the decreasing of social interaction and spiritual values in our contemporary cities, is the forgotten role of our religious magnets as a social capital of the society in the planning and designing of our cities. It means that this factor is the one that ought to be under strong consideration in all Muslim communities all over the world.

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Sense of place is one of the new concepts in urban design field that plays an important role in creating the sustainability of urban communities and the quality of urban spaces. Many factors are effective in creating this feeling, one of the most important of which is the physical characteristics of urban spaces. These characteristics can affect the sense of place by affecting human perception, but the role of individual and social characteristics should not be ignored. This study seeks to investigate the relationship between physical-perceptual characteristics as well as individual-social characteristics as intervention variables. For this purpose, an urban space (sidewalk of Ayatollah Kashani Street) was studied as an example. The methods used were Spearman correlation coefficient and ordinal regression according to the type of data. The results obtained from the research indicate the high role of factors such as originality of meaning and visual comfort, etc. In general, all studied variables (physical-perceptual) have played a positive and significant role with a sense of place. Among the individual-social characteristics, the most important role in creating a sense of place have been factors such as age, gender and literacy. Therefore, it can be said that with increasing age and literacy level, the sense of place has increased and also the sense of place among women is more than men. Of course, as mentioned in the conceptual model of the research, this effect is indirect and is through the effectiveness of perception of these factors. The proposed regression model well showed

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Thought in Frege’s point of view is accompanied by innovations as well as ambiguities that have been examined from various points of view. But Frege's view of conventional definitions of truth and rejecting them is the main topic of this article. In his explanation of propositions containing thought and judgment, Frege doesn’t accept the conventional definitions of truth for their sequence, and in order to solve the problem of achieving the truth and value of propositions, he proposes "Thought" and tries to replace it. In order to clarify this claim, we first examine language and thought from his point of view, and then by entering into the subject of thought and discovering its characteristics, we will try to understand Frege's claim to replace it with the definitions of truth. Finally, with the plan of seven critiques, the author believes that this replacement is not possible and fruitful.
 

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The narratological approach in studying the fictional narrations structure provides an organized ground and a systematic pattern for analyzing the main elements of the narrative text, i.e. story and text. In the present research, the Do Donya (Two Worlds) is analyzed in a narratological approach and the first hypothesis of the research about the possibility of applying the structural of narratology for the modern fictional narration of Do Donya is tested. The reason for choosing the Do Donya fiction in the matters of deep structure, time, place and focusing is the conflicts and discrepancies which exist between death and life. The results indicate that the narratological approach with its componenets (including story level elements, such as time elements consisting of order, continuation and frequency; place elements consisting of fiction place and text place; characterization covering direct and indirect characterizations (action, speech, visual figure, environment and names deductions); focalization (internal and external); aspects of focalization conceptive, psychological and ideological)); narrating (the narrative levels (metafictional and subfictional), the narrative layers (internal and external)); representation of speech and thought (narration, crucibles (scenario, merely briefed scenario, indirect repetition of content, free indirect speech)) can present a structural analysis of all aspects of the narration of Do Donya story.

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The article is a study of the structure of "Zal and Roodabeh" (in Ferdowsi's Shahname). To do so, it presents a description of the story at first and then of its structure. It continues to seek for these features in the texts of "Zal and Roodabeh" by presenting some proves while analyzing these elements of structure and determining the appropriateness of them. The conclusion is that the text is narrated – dramatized in which the story elements are used for promoting the story. A design including cause relations of it from the beginning to the end and strengthen it. 

 

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Being an analytical as well as critical approach, regionalism comes into contact with culture and cultural context with a special focus on preserving spatial features and prioritizes special regional identity over general global features. Regionalistic issues focus on place, man and technology. Dealing with this in today’s globalized world aiming at redefining the role of place is of paramount importance. Supporters of such theory believe that architecture has to reflect the features of the self and be independent of an emotional view point of region, tradition and history. An investigation of regionalism is feasible through introducing to concept: “societal features” and “fusion”. Societal features introduce geographical, climate and geometric features of the place and social trends that give a particular region. “A sense of place” and a “special feature” to an environment. Fusion refers to such a trend by which a reflection with existing cultural systems of a particular region, and therefore, is enriched and contributes to new fusions. Dating back to old times of architectural thoughts, this theory has experienced a variety of approaches in the same way as other theories have. Investigating the background and history of regionalism in architecture, the present paper attempts to develop prevailing approaches to architecture through looking at scientific viewpoints and evidence. The methodology is qualitative and analytical-interpretive. Documentary research has also been conducted. The findings of studies show that regionalism has been subject to a dramatic change from nativity approaches and physical interpretations and stylistic, geometric as well as aesthetic regional issues to contemporary approaches, social, cultural and ecology matters and human interactions, and it attempts to adjust old prejudiced restrictive thought patterns, strengthen interactive approaches and make the most of global benefits. Emphasis on public participation, establishing patterns based on local needs and potentials aiming at sustainable development, replacing down -top approach to establishing patterns for top-down approach, special consideration of human needs, cultural, social and normative values aiming at resisting homogenized artificial environment, strengthening sense of place, replacing creative protection for reactionary attitude, critical as well as interactive regionalism are all among prevailing regionalistic approaches within physical, ecology and semantic frameworks.

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Statement Problem: Public service management in urban areas has become a determining factor in attracting and organizing the population. Proper management of this is essential to achieving citizen satisfaction. Meeting the expectations of people visiting a city is very important, because it can be decisive in deciding to stay in that place. Citizens' attachment to a city depends on adequate provision of public services.
Aim: This study examines the mental factors affecting citizens' satisfaction with municipal services. Three factors are considered: attachment to the place, quality of life and communication between the municipality and the citizens.
Methods: This study is based on qualitative and quantitative analysis. The conceptual framework has been developed using structural equation modeling (SEM).
Results: The results showed that communication has the greatest impact on public service satisfaction (total direct and indirect effects= 0.938), followed by quality of life (total effects= 0.315) and finally, attachment to the city (Indirect effect= 0.256) are.
Conclusion: Therefore, municipalities in order to communicate more efficiently and faster with citizens in Tabriz should use technological systems and create the necessary activities on them so that they can communicate effectively with citizens. In addition, public institutions should not use these tricks for irregular events or limited time periods such as elections.