Showing 32 results for Mother
Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract
The prototype of any category is the member or set of members of a category that best represents the category as a whole. Not everything fits perfectly in a category. Categories are defined by an intersection of properties that make up their members. The language is set of different categories and we should attend to categories in language teaching. Gender and mother language are among these components that should be considered in the teaching and learning process. Research about prototype is necessity because no basic prototype study, and the impact of gender and mother language on the formation of this concept have not been made among farsi lernears. As a result, one group of forty speakers who were learning Farsi selected. Each group included 20 men and 20 women. Men from Hojjatieh school and women from the Bent-Alhoda center were selected, both under the supervision of the Almustafa international university. In the category of domestic animals, 41.17% of men chose cows, while the same percentage of women chose sheep, horses, and dogs. In the field of sports, in addition to the first choice, the second and third choices of women and men were completely different, men have chosen shooting and cricket, and women have chosen volleyball, football and walking. Also, in the category of vehicles, although both sexes chose airplane as their first choice, their next choices were different, men chose train and car while women chose bus, car and bicycle.
Volume 1, Issue 3 (12-2013)
Abstract
Aim: Promotion of oral health in schools is one of the recommended polices of WHO. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Oral Hygiene Beliefs according to the Health Belief Model in regular brushing behavior, among the 9-10 years old female students. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on the female students of Rasht-Iran in 2012. Applying the statistical estimation, the sample population was determined 265 who were selected from 22 schools using systematic sampling method. Nearly 12 students were selected from each school using simple randomized method. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire and the results were analyzed using descriptive methods, and analytical methods including Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test and Logistic regression. Finding: Among the samples, 17.4% brushed at least twice a day. The logistic regression analysis indicated that perceived severity (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.27- 0.86, P = 0.014), perceived barriers (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.29- 3.02, P = 0.002) and mothers' educational level (OR = 4.78, 95% CI = 1.24- 18.46, P = 0.023) were the significant predicting factors for tooth brushing twice a day or more. There are significant statistical correlations among the perceived severity of loosing good eating and good speaking, and perceived barriers of tiredness, laziness and impatience with desirable behavior. Overall 66.5% agreed with one of the two physical barriers: painful tooth brushing and gums bleeding. Conclusion: Promoting educational level and educational programs for Iranian women are recommended. Planning useful educational interventions for the students of concrete operational stage is required attention to the application of Piaget’s Theory of cognitive development. Educational interventions should focus on items of beliefs named above. At least 70 percent of Iranian people need to learn the correct ways of brushing teeth.
Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract
Aim: The center of family around the mother and her presence or absence can effect on the emotional intelligence and mental health of students. In other words, working mothers inside or outside home have different effects on both the boy and girl students. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and mental health of students with working and non-working mothers.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a population consisting of all high school girls and boys in the city (total n=140). Data were gathered by a questionnaire. After verifying the validity and reliability, the data were collected, and analyzed using SPSS18 and descriptive statistics.
Findings: The findings indicate that mothers’ employment brings no negative and positive consequences for emotional intelligence and mental health, though it positively affects students’ educational performance. Results also revealed that the adolescent children of employed mothers had high emotional intelligence. The female children of employed mothers showed more emotional intelligence, while there were no gender differences in the emotional intelligence of adolescent children of homemakers.
Conclusion: The research finding revealed that boys and girls with working mothers have low mental health, this results approves that presence of mother at home is necessary.
Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2015)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was comparing behavioral disorders in students with depressed and non-depressed mothers.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted among 35 (7-11 years old) children of depressed mothers as a case group and 35 children of healthy mothers as control group in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2015-16. The sample size was selected by multistage random cluster sampling. Research tools were Beck Depression Inventory, and Rutter behavioral disorders questionnaire. Data were analyzed using T-tests in the SPSS software (ver. 18).
Findings: Based on the findings of this study, more depressed mothers have children with more behavioral disorder. Aggression, hyperactivity, depression, anxiety, social dysfunction, and anti-social behaviors were seen more among students with depressed mothers comparing to students with non-depressed mothers.
Conclusion: Maternal depression is related to a wide range of child outcomes, and the effects continue from birth into adulthood. Children of depressed mothers are two to three times more likely to develop a mood disorder, and are at increased risk for impaired functioning across multiple domains, including cognitive, social and academic functioning, and poor physical health. At the same time, many children of depressed mothers develop normally. Therefore, the key research goal is to understand the pathways and processes through which maternal depression affects children. Child psychological counseling and psychiatric management along with mothers’ treatment is advisable.
Volume 4, Issue 4 (12-2015)
Abstract
Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV, Potyvirus, Potyviridae) causes serious disease in Gladiolus spp. In this work, the possibility of obtaining BYMV free plant material from virus infected gladiolus corms was studied. Thermotherapy, meristem-tip culture and combination of both techniques on infected corms/meristem-tip explants (0.5–1 mm in length) resulted in BYMV elimination up to 15.38, 78.04 and 86.66%, respectively, as determined by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR). Individual virus-free shoots readily rooted in vitro and were transferred to corm formation medium. The results showed that thermotherapy promotes the survival rate of explants during meristem-tip culture steps (except regeneration step) and also plantlet acclimatization. Statistical analysis showed that the BYMV elimination in gladiolus corms was significantly (P ≤ 0.01) affected by thermotherapy treatment of infected corms. Thermotherapy combined with meristem culture can greatly improve BYMV elimination efficiency from infected gladiolus corms, resulting in the production of BYMV free gladiolus plants.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
Problem: Architecture and cinema are a collection of art and technology that are intertwined with the help of the capable hands of an architect and a filmmaker. The two can act similarly in infusing the spirit of life into space and evoking human feelings. Among these, urban spaces and architectural buildings are very important as the location of a film event and represent the temporal, cultural, historical, social and are in the movie. So that paying attention to the category of architecture in cinema in a serious and conscious way is an idea that can be considered by directors and filmmakers. This article explores this relationship in the movie Mother, made by Ali Hatami.
Target: In this research, first to interpret the architectural space and place, Kanter's views on the sense of place are considered, then the features of melodrama style in cinema and its features are discussed and then the architectural concepts and features of place in The scene design of Hatami's film "Mother" is studied in terms of activity, body and meaning. The counter recognizes three components for each location: Physical characteristics, activities & Imaginations.
Method: To understand this issue, try to use the historical-interpretive method to communicate the spatial-local dialectical process, which requires the analysis and description of the components resulting from the changes identified in this research. Finally, through deductive-inductive reasoning, it has been tried to identify the output components of the tool used in this research.
Result: For this purpose, it was tried to explain the temporal process of the sequences taken from the film Mother in relation to the spatial coexistence or the progress and delay of the moving space of the scene from a sense of feeling. Eclectic view of space? By linking human relations with place in melodrama cinema, he identified a kind of space-place dialectic that can be affirmed and achieved in key words: spatial diachronic and synchronic.
Volume 5, Issue 4 (12-2016)
Abstract
Mosaic is presumably the most commonly encountered viral disease in roses. We have developed chemo-thermotherapy for eliminating Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) from rose plants. Chemotherapy and thermotherapy methods were also applied separately and their antiviral effect compared with the chemo-thermotherapy. In this procedure, infected explants were regenerated on MS medium containing ribavirin at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 mg/l for 20 and 40 days, followed by a thermotherapy treatment for 30 days at 38 °C for 16 hours and 22 °C for 8 hours per day. The complex of rose viruses (ArMV and PNRSV) were effectively eradicated from regenerated rose plantlets as verified by double- antibody sandwich enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Thermotherapy alongside with chemotherapy (containing 30 mg/l per one month) during the period of four weeks was the best treatment for plantlet regeneration and virus elimination. The virus elimination efficiency from ArMV, PNRSV and ArMV + PNRSV infected plants were determined as 63.33%, 90.09% and 85.18%, respectively. A detailed procedure for elimination of mixed viruses is described.
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract
The identity crisis and Existential dichotomy are among axial issues of immigration literature; however one of the principal critters of postcolonial literature is the effort of author to inverse the power status between the colonizer’s language and colonizer’s language which is a form of Soft Clash with Colonialism. That way, the study of intelligent exchanges between these two languages in literary work, explains the position, skill, and creativity of the author for using the language tool. This paper proposes to highlight the influence of common and similar experiences of Italian-somalin author, Cristina Ali Farah, and Algerian francophone author, Assia Djebar in their novels: The Little Mother and The Disappearance of the French language. At first, we present the style of writing of these authors relying on postcolonial literature expert Zabus. Then, we study the tight relationship between the language and identity concept, by using analytical-comparative method and emphasizing the approach of American School.
Volume 7, Issue 3 (9-2019)
Abstract
The emergence of the formalism school in the early years of the twentieth century has had a profound impact on the way in which literary and artistic texts are analyzed. Hence, the study of literacy in a cinematic work is not limited to vocabularies and also includes linguistic, visual and content aspects of the work. As in literature, the use of figures of speech (semantics eloquence rhetoric) in words and speech makes the text eloquent in the cinema these figures of speech with the help of images, montage, mise en scene, lighting , … create eloquent meaning differently. The present paper, based on formalists and neo-formalist views, seeks to study and analyze the film “mother” by Ali hatami from the point of view of literary and explaining its artistic and literary aspects. For this purpose in addition to analyzing the text of the script rhetoric has been analyzed in its images. According to the analysis it should be said that the use of many literary arrays in the dialogue between the characters of the story and the use of methods and techniques for the transfer of concepts by the image-these methods have a long history in the literature- made the work of hatami prominent in literary style and gave it an independent identity that with every time exposed by the informed audience to this work the literary capacity and influence of the lexical and concept terms of classical Persian literature are more than ever evident.
Volume 8, Issue 2 (6-2020)
Abstract
Aims: Having a child with autism spectrum disorder can put a lot of stress and pressure on parents and affect their quality of life, as compared to parents of normal children. In this regard, the present study aimed to identify and determine the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral counseling of the parents of children with autism spectrum disorder on their communication interactions with children.
Participants & Methods: Population consisted of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in the city of Shiraz, of which 40 eligible volunteers were selected using purposeful sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of 20 (control and experiment) in the academic year of 2018-2019. Data collected using the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS; Pianta). Having completed the questionnaires by the target population, the experiment group received the intervention training program of group cognitive behavioral counseling for 10 one-hour sessions. However, the control group received no intervention training. Multi-variate covariance analysis and SPSS 22 were used to analyze data. The significance level was considered as 0.01.
Findings: The group cognitive behavioral counseling for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder was effective on communication interaction with children and improved it (p= 0.001). Regarding the assessed effect, it should be noted that the degree of changes, according to eta coefficient (effect rate) was 23.3%.
Conclusion: According to the findings, group cognitive behavioral intervention method can be effective on improving parenting for children with autism spectrum disorder.
Volume 8, Issue 4 (11-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a worldwide disease increasing in many developing countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive behaviors of early childhood caries among mothers referring to comprehensive health service centers in Ahvaz.
Instruments & Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was performed among 318 mothers with infants from 6 months to one-year-old in 2020. The method of data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability and validity were confirmed. It included demographic information and questions about measuring awareness, attitude, self-efficacy, and performance in early childhood caries' preventive behaviors among mothers referring to comprehensive health service centers in Ahvaz. The data were analyzed by statistical tests such as ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS statistical software.
Findings: The results showed that the mean scores of mothers' awareness were 6.23±1.86, the attitude was 38.48±4.85, self-efficacy was 20.91±3.14, and performance was 5.53±2.19. There was a significant correlation between awareness, attitude, self-efficacy, and performance. There was also a significant relationship between parents' awareness and education and the mother's job (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The mothers' awareness and performance are at a moderate level. Therefore, in the Health Service Centers, it is necessary to consider mothers' awareness and performance with infants from 6 months to one-year-old, when the baby's first teeth grew.
Tahere Karimi,
Volume 8, Issue 30 (7-2015)
Abstract
The use of various metaphors in mystical texts has opened up a new horizon for the readers and has expanded their understanding of the meaning of the universe. Because of its associative function in mystical texts, metaphor creates new experiences for the reader—experiences that are foreign to the reader’s personal experiences. This research draws on George Lakoff’s and Mark Johnson’s studies on “Conceptual Metaphor” (Cognitive Linguistics). These two theorists believe that reasoning and conceptualization inseparably depend on physical and environmental features. In Mawlānā’s poetry, the act of conceptualizations and reasoning is tied to biological capabilities and physical and social experiences of the individuals. There is a chain-like network of metaphorical relations in Mawlānā's cognitive world that starts from conception of an embryo in womb and continues to weaning the child. The conception of Jesus in Mary’s womb and Jesus’s birth are one of the most common metaphors to explain Mawlānā’s understanding of the Master’s unity. Furthermore, inside this network, Mawlānā uses the mother-child relationship to account for God-Human relation. This paper studies the metaphor of mother and all the images related to the growth of a child, for example the breastmilk, through which Mawlānā explains the steps of seyr-o solook (spiritual quest for the truth).
Volume 9, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Sometimes materials that do not have the ability to penetrate into the membrane will need to be widely entered into the cell. Therapeutic methods are among the methods that sometimes feel this change in permeability when using different drugs and genes. Electroporation (EP) is a new technique that increases the permeability of cell membranes when cells exposed to an external electric field more than a threshold voltage and is used to introduce different non-permanent molecules. The major application of EP in the treatment of cancer combined with chemotherapy drugs such as Bleomycin and Cisplatin is electrochemotherapy. The aim of this study was to review the electroporation of cells, using electric and magnetic fields with approach of cancer treatment.
Conclusion: In pre-clinical studies, this method has first been optimized on the animal and cell, and after clinical trials, today, the standard and clinical protocol of electrochemotherapy has been proposed as a safe and effective method for some tumors. This is a simple method with minimal side effects, but in new pre-clinical studies, with the use of high frequency electrons, low electromagnetic fields, and the use of pulsed magnetic fields, it has been tried to overcome the limitations of this standard method.
Volume 9, Issue 3 (7-2021)
Abstract
Aims: This protocol aims to design and evaluate an educational program to promote weight management among preschoolers.
Designed Methods: This study has a sequential mixed-methods approach in two phases: qualitative and quantitative. In the first phase, epidemiological, educational, and ecological factors of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model influencing weight management promotion among Tehranian preschoolers will be explored. Seventeen preschoolers' parents and two preschool principals were interviewed by the researcher in the preschool setting. After data analysis through directed content analysis, a one-group pre and post pilot study will be performed in phase two. Fifteen mother-children dyads will be enrolled, and mothers will be asked to complete four questionnaires and measure children's weight and height. Then an educational program will be designed to promote weight management among preschoolers based on the results of the qualitative phase and a pre-test stage. Post-test will be performed immediately and three months after the intervention.
Expected Findings: In phase one, we expect facilities and barriers of preschoolers' weight management to be identified based on social-cultural conditions and the structures of the model. According to the qualitative study results, an educational program will be developed and evaluated in phase two, and it is anticipated that the educational program will positively influence children's weight management.
Conclusion: In the various communities, cultural and social differences have a critical effect on obesity in preschoolers; therefore, examining these factors can help understand individuals' views and interventional design programs to solve this problem.
Volume 9, Issue 3 (11-2021)
Abstract
Worship of the mother goddess is one of the deepest beliefs in the minds of various nations and peoples throughout human history. Ancient civilizations such as the Iranians and the Turks have long had this religion and the beliefs and customs related to this myth still remain in the culture of these tribes; considering the closeness of the cultural and historical background of Iranians and Turks, a study on their mythology can give us lots of information of the history and culture of both nations; Therefore, the aim of the present study is a comparative study of the mother goddess in Iranian and Turkish mythology and the main question is what is the relationship between the mother goddess in Iranian and Turkish mythology? The method of this research is comparative-analytical. Findings show that despite the differences in some aspects attributed to the Iranian and Turkish mother goddesses in the myths of the two nations, there are many important similarities between the concept and function of this myth among Iranians and Turks.
Volume 10, Issue 3 (7-2022)
Abstract
Aims: Neonatal jaundice is a serious condition that, if not treated properly and promptly, can lead to fatal complications. this study aimed to assess mothers' knowledge and attitudes towards neonatal jaundice.
Instrument & Methods: Using a structured questionnaire, a descriptive (cross-sectional) study to assess the knowledge and attitudes on neonatal jaundice among the 200 mothers in Telafer General Hospital was conducted with an interview schedule and convenient sampling technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.
Findings: The majority of the mothers (62.5%) have poor knowledge about neonatal jaundice, 30% of them have moderate knowledge, and 7.5% of them have good knowledge. Also, this study show the majority of the mothers (69%) have poor attitudes about neonatal jaundice, 25.5% have moderate attitudes, and 5.5% of them have good attitudes.
Conclusion: The mothers had poor knowledge and attitudes about neonatal jaundice.
Volume 10, Issue 4 (9-2022)
Abstract
Aims: The role of mothers as main caregivers in toddlers with diarrhea and their familiarity with the factors associated with diarrhea is very important in managing the disease and preventing mortality. This study aimed to investigate the mothers’ performance regarding feeding a toddler with diarrhea and related factors.
Instruments & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 210 mothers who had toddlers with diarrhea that were selected through convenience sampling in Tehran, Iran, in 2021. The parental socio-demographic and toddler clinical characteristics questionnaire and Mother Performance questionnaire were used to collecting data. Data analysis was done using SPSS 20 software.
Findings: The mean age of the mothers and toddlers were 32.69±6.67 years and 23.97±7.24 months, respectively, and about 51.4% of toddlers were boys. The total mean scores of mothers’ performance was 121.92±8.37. There were significant differences in the mean scores of maternal performance based on the father's education level (p=0.03) and marital status (p=0.04). Furthermore, the frequent diarrhea and referral setting (p<0.0001) were significantly different in the hygiene principles and common beliefs dimension. Mothers with wanted pregnancy have better performance in the breastfeeding dimension (p=0.04).
Conclusion: The mothers’ performance regarding diarrhea and its dietary management is low, and less than half of them have a good level of knowledge. So it is necessary to improve and implement relevant policies to control and manage diarrhea.
Volume 11, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate oncology nurses' practices regarding chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients and whether there is a correlation between the effectiveness of an interventional program on nurses' practices and their demographics. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an interventional program on nurses' practices regarding patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental research was conducted with a pretest/posttest strategy, from October 28, 2021, to May 14, 2023, in Al-Habboubi Teaching Hospital. 60 nurses were selected by available sampling and were allocated into two groups; control and intervention (each 30 nurses). The data-gathering tool had two sections; demographic information of the nurses and an observation checklist for nurse practices regarding chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (27 items). The data was analyzed using SPSS 26 software by Chi-square and One-way analysis of variance.
Findings: There was no significant difference in practice scores regarding CIPN between the control (1.06±0.05) and study (1.03±0.04) groups (t=-2.658; p=0.13). The practice score of the study group (2.68±0.14) was significantly (t=-52.145; p<0.001) higher than that of the control group (1.11±0.07) after the intervention. One-way analysis of variance showed no relationships between the two groups in pretest and posttest according to demographic parameters.
Conclusion: The chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy training program improves the practice of oncology nurses.
Volume 11, Issue 3 (10-2023)
Abstract
Aims: Community behavior regarding culture and myths about breastfeeding needs to be changed through a psychological approach to providing education or psychoeducation. The myth of breastfeeding is a legacy passed down from generation to generation, so in overcoming this problem, it is necessary to involve the family, both parents and husband. This research aimed to analyze the effect of lactation psychoeducation using a comprehensive video-based model on maternal anxiety levels in breastfeeding.
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental research was conducted with a pre- and post-test one-group design from June to August 2023 in all postpartum mothers in the working area of the Surabaya City health center. The sample size used the total population, namely 213 respondents. The instrument used was the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire to measure anxiety before and after providing lactation psychoeducation. Data was analyzed using the paired T-test.
Findings: Before being given lactation psychoeducation, 18.3% experienced severe anxiety, which then decreased to 0.9% after being given lactation psychoeducation. Moderate anxiety level before being given psychoeducation was 35.7 to 20.7%. The level of mild anxiety before being given psychoeducation was 18.3% to 0.9% after being given psychoeducation (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Lactation psychoeducation using a comprehensive video-based model influences anxiety levels in breastfeeding.
Volume 11, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
