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Damage of both building and non-building structures (including the space structures) against earthquake is of great importance for civil engineers, because collapse of such large structures may have significant casualties and economic losses. Space structures are classified as large-scale structures and can cover a large space without columns. Seismic behavior of these structures is different from building structures. There are different types of space structures considering the geometrical aspects, which are effective in the damages causing economic and life losses. A space structure has three-dimensional behavior, and their higher-mode effects are remarkable. On the other hand, the weight of these structures is relatively low that may cause an unrealistic reduction in the calculation of seismic force in a static analysis. Therefore, the static analysis cannot capture their structural response effectively. Traditionally, the dynamic analysis is utilized for seismic design of space structures due to their complex structural behavior. Thus, in this paper, seismic design of two single-layer domes is performed using two dynamic analyses: time history analysis and response spectrum analysis. Although there are some studies on seismic design of domes, further investigations are required due to the structural diversity of different domes and the difference in their seismic behavior. Here, the ribbed and Schwedler domes under gravity and seismic loads are analyzed dynamically. The parameters of the design response spectral acceleration are based on ASCE7-16, and the site class (based on the soil type) is selected as “D”. Both horizontal and vertical components of seismic excitations are utilized in the dynamic analyses, because all these components are effective in design of a dome structure. The damping ratio is assumed to be 2% in the dynamic analyses based on the relevant literature.  In the response spectrum analysis, the vertical seismic load is expressed in terms of dead loads in the response spectrum analysis. In the time history analysis, seven ground motion records are selected based on the seismic zone. These ground motion records are scaled using both amplitude scaling and spectral matching approaches. The vertical components are scaled to the specific vertical design spectrum obtained from ASCE7-16. In this study, seismic design of the ribbed and Schwedler domes with a span of 36 meters and a height of 6 meters are carried out with some limitations on the member stress ratios and top nodal displacements. The structural designs based on the time history analysis and the response spectrum analysis are compared. The same cross-sectional areas are used in designs of the dome structures to compare the effects of these dynamic analysis methods better. In general, the top node displacement and stress ratios of the dome obtained using time history analysis is larger than that obtained using spectral dynamic analysis. Accordingly, the results indicate that the structure designed with the time history analysis is heavier than the structure designed with the response spectrum analysis. Obviously, although the time history analysis provides a better understanding of the dynamic behavior of the structure, it requires much higher computational cost than the response spectrum analysis.

 

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Aims A family history of obesity, physical inactivity, and an unhealthy lifestyle was associated with an increased risk of diabetes in young individuals. Most published studies had focused on single risk factors such as BMI, Physical activity, and dietary lifestyle, while the combined effect and existence of those factors were largely neglected.
Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 666 male students. Based on their family history of diabetes, their anthropometric measurements were also taken, and their BMI was calculated and categorised based on WHO standards.
Findings The results showed a significant correlation between obesity, family history, and diabetes, with a significant correlation between diabetes and obesity and also had a high positive correlation. While remaining correlations were also significant.
Conclusion The study concluded that a high proportion of students are at risk of diabetes and recommended an integrated intervention program to encourage healthy eating habits and physical activity and improve awareness.

 

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Khaje Abul-Hassan Ali-Ibn Hassan Sirjani is one of the Sufi’s great men in 5^th Hijri century. He was Kerman’s Sheikh and has pharmacy, pious and a lot of followers there and was respected by famous Sufis, like Abusaid Abi-Alkhayr and khaje Abdollah-Ansari and Hujiwiri. He, traveled extensively, finally passed away in Sirjan, and his tomb is now maintained in the shrine place. Khaje Ali Hassan’s book titled “Bayaz and Savad” that is remained in manuscripts is in fact a classification of famous Sufis spoken words till the end of 4^th century that is arranged in 73 chapters and involved over the 3000 sentences from the sufis’s great men. One of the most important chapters of Bayaz and Savad is chapter of recognized Sheikh History that includes introduction of 78 persons of Sufis Sheikh’s that distributed based on their geographical location and their activators place.
 

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Ferdowsi's Shahnameh has always been interest of readers, and many authors have tried to imitate it. Like other Iranian orators, the Kurd poets have recreated different stories of Shahnameh with innovations and sometimes translations. No doubt, the introduction and thinking of the epic verses after Shahnameh can expose some of the important issues of this valuable work and be effective on the morale of unity and patriotism among Iranian ethnic groups; therefore, in this study, we first introduced the verse of "Kordish Shahmghal and Rostam" and then compared it with the narration of " Shahnameh's Rostam and Shaghad", Salby's historical narratives, Toomar Naghali Shahnameh, Haft Lashkar, and Ferdowsinameh.

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Hermeneutic theory of literary history suggests the "history of readers" or "literature audience" rather than the history of the author and the text. In this approach, the literariness of a text - for example Hafiz poems - is measured according to its vividness, dynamism and ability of its conversation with different generations. Therefore the literary historian should write the "history of the effects of Hafiz poems" upon its readers rather than the biography and history of Hafiz himself.. By doing so, the historian actually writes "the life of Divan of Hafiz" and "the history of Hafiz meanings" i.e. the story of the text after its birth, and it's moving on in the history. By recognizing Hafiz readers in 15th century, the article has studied the echo of Hafiz voice in the first century after his death and according to the information obtained from sources in 15th century, classified Hafiz readers based on their types of reading. According to the biographical information and also some given titles and addresses to Hafez, his social position has been illustrated, and eventually the developing process of Hafez meanings from simplicity to complexity and from literary discourse into the sacred discourse, has been demonstrated

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In this study, the use of a mixed alumina and aluminum sulfate powder has been studied on thermal conductivity of butyl rubber filled with carbon black used as curing tire bladder composite. The aforementioned filler was added to 1.5 parts by weight in a blend of Bladder. The mixtures were prepared in the internal mixer and the curing characteristics, the mechanical and aging properties as well as the heat conductivity behavior of the composites were measured. To determine the coefficient of thermal diffusion of rubber composite, an immersion sampling method with specific dimensions in the oil bath and heat transfer computer simulation was used using a guessing and error approach. It was observed that the thermal diffusion coefficient of the above mixture rises from an average of 1×10^-7 m²/s  to an average of 1.3 ×10^-7 m²/s  without changing the mechanical and aging properties of the mixture. In the following, by choosing a simplified geometry from the tire profile in the near-tire curing conditions, and by simulating heat transfer behavior through the ABAQUS software, the effect of this increase on the thermal diffusivity coefficient was studied on the temperature variations of the inner parts of the tire. It was observed that the temperature of the different points of  tire is affected by increasing the thermal conductivity of the tire, Therefore, there is a good potential for reducing the curing time of the tire.
 

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What is called language? In the history of Western philosophy, we have different answers to this question. However, according to Wittgenstein and Gadamer, these different answers are basically similar, and both criticize this basic approach. Gadamer refers to the history of Western philosophy as the history of forgetfulness of language. But he regards Augustine as an exception in this history; for Gadamer, Augustine has appreciated the central status of language and the vital relation between language and thought through his idea of the inner word. However, Wittgenstein introduces Augustine as the main agent of the basic approach of Western philosophy to language, raising his criticisms of this basic approach by objecting to Augustine's claims. In this article, I review these two different interpretations and think about the possibility of making an affinity and compromise between Gadamer's narration of Augustine's idea of the inner word and Wittgenstein's philosophy of language.
 

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The issue of "Bildung" has been considered more than anyone else in Hegel's philosophical thought. He has focused more on this issue in the Phenomenology of the Spirit and Elements of the Philosophy of Right books, and the Nuremberg Speeches. In this article, two central points in Hegel's thought have been emphasized: a) the necessity of distinguishing between different types of "theological-ethical", "natural-anthropological", "political" Bildung, and finally the Hegelian "cultural-historical" Bildung; And then removing the accusation from the Hegelian system, about trying to remove God and the theological view from the Bildung concept; b) Proving that, according to Hegel, the process of education includes "nature", "individual" and "human society" at the same time, and contrary to popular opinion, it will not be limited to the human individual. Therefore, when discussing awareness, freedom, alienation, and the like, he actually explains the formation of education in these three fields.
 

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In historical studies, period is a regulative concept. It helps historians of arts and sciences classify historical information. In most literary histories, periodization is the most essential basis of division. Periodization also was applied in literary studies like rhetorics. For example, Shawqi Zaif has divided the history of Islamic-Arabic rhetorics into periods. In this article, we are to propose a schema for periodization of history of Persian rhetorics. System of Persian rhetorics was originally derived from Arabic rhetorics but the quality and quantity of adaptation in different periods wasn’t the same. In some cases, Persian rhetoricians came up with important innovations in periodization and sometimes they made use of rhetorics of the other civilizations for instance Indian rhetorics in order to study aesthetical aspects of Persian literature. Base on the historical era they were living in and the similarities of their approaches, we can distinguish four different periods: 1. Localization Period: This period, as the first period of Persian rhetorics, includes the most important books of Persian rhetorics: Tarjoman al-balaqa, Hadaeq al-sehr, and Al-mo’jam fi ma’air ash’ar al-ajam; 2. Interpretation and Imitation Period: Most of rhetoric books in this period are interpretations of previous period; 3. Pseudo- Indian Period: In this period, a few rhetoricians try to apply Indian rhetorics to Persian literature; 4. Scholastic Period: The last period is a contemporary one and includes new rhetorical textbooks.

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The effect of temperature on demographic parameters of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) was studied at 23, 25, 27, and 30 °C, 50 ± 10% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) h. The life table parameters were estimated according to the age-stage, two-sex life table procedure. In addition, the bootstrap technique was employed for estimating the means, variances, and standard errors of the population parameters at all studied temperatures. All estimated parameters were affected considerably by temperature. Among examined temperatures, the highest values of net reproductive rate (R₀), intrinsic rate of increase (r_m) and finite rate of increase (λ) were 223.04 egg, 0.096 day^-1, and 1.101day^-1, respectively at 27 °C. The lowest mean generation time was 50.31 day at 30 °C. Moreover, the highest reproductive value was observed at 27 °C. According to the results, temperature can affect all life table parameters of G. mellonella, and according to our investigation, 27 °C is the best temperature for its mass rearing in laboratory condition among the evaluated temperatures.

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Z. Alami.PH.D
N. Shakibi Momtaz
 
Abstract
This article is about Siavash; one of the most important and  fundamental characters in Shahnameh. He has had the opportunity to encourage goodness and scorn badness in the Iranian national epic; Shahnameh.
The narration of Siavash's life does not merely belong to Shahnameh and Ferdowsi, but it is also seen in the legendary history of Iran before and after him too. Therefore the various stages of his life are reflected. Yet Ferdowsi's narration is more comprehensive and complete, compared to the other texts and it enjoys more fictional elements. As a result Siavash's fiction in Shahnameh has become the  fundamental point and other texts like "Tarikh Bale-Ami", "Mojmalo-Tavarikh", "Tarikhe Saa'ealabi", etc have been compared with it; relating both the diffences and common points.
 
 

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    “Military Service” was first established in the frame of kingdom armies and independent governments separated from the Church.In the beginning of modernity era, it could be a go- between for the government and the nation, and also a means to extend the then rulers’ and kings’ militarism. The social division of labour, technical progress and industrialization in the 18th century caused to the formation of modern armies as the first bureaucratic institution. But in Iran's Pahlavi time, phenomenon was built as part of the modernization and consolidating Reza-khan's autocratic state. Extetion of national identity’s elements and making obedient the traditional residents in Iran's society against the unlimited autocracy of the state were possible by public teachings and extendable normalizing in the army,especially in the “Military Service”. “Military Service” and also the public disarmament gave this opportunity to the Pahlavi state to nationits basic rule byexpanding the military authority. Making integrated military and compulsory military service are the first intended and targeted attempts to create modern system’s civilians based on the nation - state theory.  

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Tuta absoluta(Meyrick) is a serious pest of tomato throughout the world. The life history and the life table parameters of T. absolutawere studied on 12 different commercial tomato cultivars. The longest larval developmental period (12.92 ± 0.11 days), the longest total developmental time (26.20 ± 0.22 days), the longest total pre-oviposition period (29.31 ± 0.63 days) and the shortest oviposition period (5.08 ± 0.43 days) were recorded on Korral cultivar. The highest pupal mortality was found on Korral (23.53%) and the lowest larval and pupal growth indices were observed on Korral (6.57and 8.87, respectively). The highest and the lowest overall mortalities were observed on Korral (35.00%) and on Valouro (21.67%), respectively. The lowest and the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r_m) were found on Korral (0.1046 ± 0.0005 day^-1) and on Valouro (0.1584 ± 0.0002 day^-1) cultivars. Also the lowest finite rate of increase (λ) (1.1102 day^-1) and the highest doubling time (6.63 days) of the tomato leafminer were observed on Korral cultivar. Therefore, it was concluded that among the 12 tomato cultivars that were studied in this research, Korral was relatively unsuitable to T. absolutaand can be used in the integrated control programs (IPM) of this pest.

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One of the important aspects of a folk tale literature review, is to study mysterious and meaningful mental world, a world which narrates cultural history. This subject is feasible due to understanding and perception of the meaning elements of the fictions in which archetypes of collective mentality and common senses of nation’s mental world find the opportunity to be developed and find cohesion. The present study by adopting the theoretical framework of phenomenology and regarding the ancient background of wolf archetype in Persian culture and literature aims at illuminating the roots of Gorgane in Firuzshah-name. Wild woman archetype crystallization in Firuzshah-name fiction appears to be significant. Phenomenological interpretation of an old woman who has lost his or her child is called "Gorgane" which indicates this fact. Two legendary level (fierce wolf) and legendary (wolf and totems of the Turks) is visible in the story. Female wolf in Firuzshah-name has a negative character and unpleasant destiny, but it meets all the situations of accordance with Iranian mentality in the case of wolf and totems of the Turks. Also, this character agrees with archetype of barbaric or wild woman.  

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Literary period functions as a regulative idea for literary critics in the narrative of literary history. Literary period is a time-section; although in literary history and criticism, it has also other implications and associative meanings. Some of these secondary meanings which can be called components of literary period are: zeitgeist, the conditions of literary production, dominant norms, change and evolution, binary oppositions, individual or collective idealistic narrative, and concept of spatiality. Zeitgeist and the conditions of literary period offer theories about factors extrinsic to literature that manage establishment and change of general and literary periods. The concept of period as time-section ruled by a series of literary norms ascribes some kind of internal unity to literary periods. Periodization based upon organic idea of evolution compares every period with one of the life’s stages of an organism. Some critics understand literary period in terms of binary oppositions such as classic and modern. Others give literary period a spatial aspect. However, literary history is a result of individual or collective idealistic narrative. It is not a concept but an idea. It is not related to knowledge but to thinking.

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 Naser-Qoli Sarli.PH.D
 
Abstract   
In the Islamic rhetorical discourse, metaphor counts as a significant literary figure of speech, which is also quite controversial. Today, we need to re-read the Islamic rhetoric due to some reasons and especially study the process of the theory discussing the completion of metaphor. However we face some problems in this path such as; the synthetic and combinative nature of the concept of metaphor, the diversity of definitions given on metaphor in the history of rhetoric, lack of a clear border in the definition of metaphor on one hand and its relation with some other figures of speech within the theory of ‘completion of metaphor’ in history, on the other hand. This essay intends to offer a new scheme for the theory of completion of metaphor with having all the mentioned obstacles in mind, finding theoretical principles for writing about the history of metaphor. In the suggested scheme, the combined concept of metaphor is separated into three ‘Arabic’, ‘Greek’ and Al-Jurjani’ perceptions and each of them is surveyed within an independent narration from a historical perspective. In the final report, the completion of the ‘Islamic Metaphor’ which results from the synthesis and interaction of the three mentioned perceptions is conveyed. This paper hopes to be a theoretical plot for writing the history of metaphor in Islamic rhetoric.
 
 

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 Naser-Qoli Sarli.PH.D
 
Abstract   
In the Islamic rhetorical discourse, metaphor counts as a significant literary figure of speech, which is also quite controversial. Today, we need to re-read the Islamic rhetoric due to some reasons and especially study the process of the theory discussing the completion of metaphor. However we face some problems in this path such as; the synthetic and combinative nature of the concept of metaphor, the diversity of definitions given on metaphor in the history of rhetoric, lack of a clear border in the definition of metaphor on one hand and its relation with some other figures of speech within the theory of ‘completion of metaphor’ in history, on the other hand. This essay intends to offer a new scheme for the theory of completion of metaphor with having all the mentioned obstacles in mind, finding theoretical principles for writing about the history of metaphor. In the suggested scheme, the combined concept of metaphor is separated into three ‘Arabic’, ‘Greek’ and Al-Jurjani’ perceptions and each of them is surveyed within an independent narration from a historical perspective. In the final report, the completion of the ‘Islamic Metaphor’ which results from the synthesis and interaction of the three mentioned perceptions is conveyed. This paper hopes to be a theoretical plot for writing the history of metaphor in Islamic rhetoric.
 
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Foroq Sahba.PH.D
 
Abstract
This article reveals the findings of a research using the theory of “Time in Narration” through the inductive method for studying time in Beihaqi’s History. “Time in Narration” discusses the time division of narration; whereas in this research it is discussed on the basis of Gerard Genet’s theory; shaped in three major central points; regularity, constancy and frequency. Although the theories about the devices and methods of time within historical and literary narrations belong to the twentieth century, the analysis of information shows that Beihaqi has artistically utilized these techniques and devices unconsciously; creating a work which enjoys fictional aspects as much as historical aspects. Considering the final results of this research, brevity, development, retrospection, foresight, and alternation are some of the most significant time devices used by the author in order to make history close to the literary domain.
 
 

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    Abstract The mysterious world of legend exists everywhere and every time with no source except the people’s belief. The Legend of Kaveh is linked with the thought and desires of Iran’s people, as well as their legends and fatherland. Iran legendary history is of great importance. For more cogitation, the legend of Kaveh will be investigated in the history and legend. Colloquial conveyance of a legend is rooted in the social behavior rather than in the individual one. In the present study, the legend of Kaveh has been considered as a victorious rebellion in the national history of Iran. Kaveh was not mentioned in the religious literature of Pahlavi at all and has no legendary antiquity. KavehAhangar (blacksmith) was first created in Shahnameh by Ferdowsi and later in the works of historians of Islamic era. It seems that this legend has been created after Ashkanid era and engraved in the legendary history of Sasaniid era. The Legend of Kaveh, as a symbol of a victorious rebellion, is reminder of those people who desire to change their destinies. Detailed description of this legend is mentioned in three chapters: A) History of the Legend of Kaveh Rebellion, B) Kaveh and Kaviani Banner, C) The Legend of Kaveh, Zahak, Fereidoun and Jamshid.