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Showing 6 results for Critical Stylistics
Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract
This study investigates the fundamental impact of naming on shaping the ideology of texts, particularly the Quran. It explores how naming, as a foundational linguistic process within the frameworks of Hodge and Kress (1996), Van Leeuwen (2008), and Leslie Jeffries (2010), plays a pivotal role in constructing meaning, establishing identity, and exerting power. The research also examines the naming component within the Quran and its contributions to explaining the underlying worldview of this text. To evaluate hypotheses, this research employs critical discourse analysis. It explores the approaches of Hodge, Kress, Van Leeuwen, and Jeffries regarding the naming component and applies these theories to the Quranic text. The goal is to elucidate the embedded worldview and the Quran's approach to naming. The findings reveal that in Hodge and Kress's view, the naming process is an ideological tool for promoting and solidifying specific beliefs. Conversely, Van Leeuwen perceives naming as an identity process and a means of interaction and meaning construction within social contexts. Jeffries, combining explicit (ideology) and implicit (literary language) elements, considers naming a tool for producing and reproducing ideological discourses. An examination of naming within the Quran indicates that beyond ideological, identity, and linguistic factors, other elements such as the relationship between theme and naming, the priority of content over naming, and the connection between action, process, and structure to naming also influence this process.
Volume 4, Issue 1 (3-2013)
Abstract
This paper suggests the use of new branches of stylistics along with appropriate devices for the analysis of Persian texts. As a step in this direction, stylistic properties of Jashn-e Farkhonde, a short story of Jalalal-e Al-e ahmad, were analyzed with the approach of Critical stylistics answering these major questions: “What is the ideology behind the text?”, “What stylistic features discover this ideology?” and “What is the function of the ideology behind the text?” It is assumed that, in this short story, ideology is a mechanism for struggle against domination. To provide an answer to these questions, narrative and textual macro-layers of this short story are examined along with an analysis of focalization, focalization continuity (shifting focalization and multiple-focalization), facets of focalization (the perceptual facets including tense, order, duration, frequency and space, an overall and eye-bird’s view or a partial and close-up view, cognitive facet and ideological facet) and micro-layers of lexicon, syntax, and rhetoric in connection with the outer layer (the situational context of the text). It is assumed that the awareness obtained from focalization and analysis of micro-layers will result in the discovery of ideology and power relations in the text. The reslts showed that characteristics of text from contrasting personalities and contrasting discourses that reach unity to the narrator's father. Too much use of swear words and his imperative sentences indicate the hidden ideology of the text; that is dissatisfaction of author, as a critical intellectual that represents groups of community from both social and political currents mentioned in the story.
Volume 5, Issue 5 (3-2014)
Abstract
Mohammad Taghi Bahar is the initiator of historical stylistics in Iran by publishing “Tarikhe Tatavor e Nasre Farsi” (the Evolution of Farsi Pose) (1331/1952), and his manner has been followed so far. To exit the recession with which Farsi prose stylistics is afflicted, one of the solutions suggested in this article is applying the new branches of stylistics and retrieval of the suitable tools for analyzing Persian texts. To reach this goal, we will consider critical stylistics as one of the new branches, and specifically discuss the arguable stylistic layers in the critical stylistics of short story and novel. The basic question processed in this study is that what stylistic variables could be discussed in critical investigating of short story and novel styles, which leads to discovering the ideologies and power relations in the texts. To answer the question, we will consider studying story and novel in textual and narrative macro-layers by analyzing focalization; the level of persistence of focalization and the facets of focalization (perceptual facet: time, order, duration, frequency, and space; an overall and eye-bird’s view or a partial and close-up view, cognitive and ideological facets), and lexical, syntactic, pragmatic and rhetorical micro-layers in relation with its external layer (situational context). The aim will be applying the new branches of stylistics in studying Farsi literature texts; many of the stylistic criteria and features discussed in this article could be applied in studying the style of other branches of narrative literature, e. g. myth, fiction, allegory and romance.
Maryam Dorpar,
Volume 5, Issue 17 (5-2012)
Volume 5, Issue 17 (5-2012)
Abstract
Because of the stagnancy in contemporary Persian stylistics, there is an urgent need for new steps in this realm. This study introduces new branches of stylistics as well as new methodologies for related studies in Persian Literature. As an initial step, this article introduces the critical stylistics and addresses the two following questions: (1) on what basis does critical stylistics study the text and (2) what implements does this methodology use for the analysis of the text? Accordingly, the concepts of “style”, “critique”, “ideology”, and “power” are explicated as four fundamental dimensions of critical stylistics. Furthermore, the tools and implements discussed by Simpson and Fowler are delved into. Last, the implication of critical stylistics for Persian literary studies and the studies of power relations within the text are mentioned.
Volume 14, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
The present study has examined and analyzed the novel of “Baba Sobhan’s legend” in the framework of Lesley Jeffries' theory and based on the components of critical stylistics. In this regard, an attempt was made to answer the following questions: 1. How are the writer's ideologies represented in the way that the linguistic elements of the novel are chosen and arranged, which are interpreted as style? 2. What kinds of discourse elements have made it possible to discover the ideologies hidden in the style of the novel? So, the main purpose of this article is to reveal the hidden ideologies in the writer's utterances. For this purpose, the vocabularies and sentence structures of the novel, which provide the way for gaining the discourse style and the cognition of style, have been studied and analyzed. In this paper, through a descriptive-analytical approach, the authors have extracted and categorized Lesley Jeffries’ views which are mentioned in the book "Critical Stylistics". Then they have analyzed the novel considering the components of this book. Findings indicate that the strategies of "negating" and "prioritizing" are the most frequent, and "naming", "equating" and "assuming and implying" have the lowest frequency in this discourse. The analysis of these findings shows that the writer in his discourse, considering the conditions of society and serfdom system in Iran, has depicted the villagers’ socio-economic situation and the realities of their lives through a critical approach. He has also criticized the authorities in Iran in the years before the land reform.
The current research has examined and analyzed Baba Sobhan's Osane novel in the framework of Leslie Jeffries' theory and based on the components of critical stylistics. Regarding this issue, an attempt was made to answer the following questions: 1. how are the author's ideologies represented in the way of choosing and arranging the linguistic elements of the novel, which are interpreted as style? 2. Discovering the ideologies and beliefs hidden in the style of the novel has been made possible by using what discourse tools? In relation to these questions, the main goal of the article is to reveal the hidden intentions of the author's statements. For this purpose, the vocabulary and the structure of the sentences of the novel, which provide the ground for entering the discursive and cognitive space of the style, have been examined and analyzed. In this essay, the authors have analyzed the studied novel based on the components mentioned in the book, after extracting and categorizing the opinions of Leslie Jeffries in the book Critical Stylistics (2010) with a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings of the research show that the strategies of "negating" and "important information and opinions" have the highest frequency, and "naming", "synonyms" and "implicit meanings and accepted facts" have the lowest frequency in this discourse. The analysis of these findings indicates that in his discourse, the author has depicted the socio-economic situation of the villagers and the realities of their lives with a critical approach, considering the conditions of the society and the system of lords and serfs in Iran. At the same time, he has criticized those in power in Iran years before the land reforms.
The main hypothesis in the present article is that Baba Sobhan's Osane novel, as a verbal text, has a discourse structure that can be described, analyzed and interpreted based on Jeffries theory. Also, by using this model, the thought and ideology of its author is represented. In the framework of the research problem, by adopting the descriptive-analytical method, the components suggested by Jeffries, which are presented in his book, were extracted and categorized. Then, in order to discover these components in Baba Sobhan's Osane novel, which is considered as the body of the research, this work was carefully and repeatedly read. Finally, after finding the components mentioned by Jeffries in the text of the novel, the discursive propositions of the text were examined based on them. For this purpose, the vocabulary and the structure of the sentences of the novel, which provided the ground for entering the discourse and cognitive analysis of the style, were carefully analyzed. Finally, the frequency and percentage of occurrence of various discourse strategies in the story were obtained and presented in the form of separate tables.
Most of the studies that have been introduced so far under the title of Persian stylistics were individual studies that examined the style separately from the situational context of the text. But the authors in this essay proposed a solution to get out of this situation by introducing appropriate tools to analyze the style of Persian novels. Therefore, by using a method based on critical discourse analysis, they have studied the stylistic features of the text in relation to its situational context. In this regard, the present research was an attempt to test the hypothesis that the discourse of Baba Sobhan's Osane novel can be described and analyzed with the tools suggested by Jeffries. The results obtained from this study with regard to the research hypothesis showed that the mentioned novel as a critical verbal text benefits from a discourse structure that represents the opinions and ideologies of its author. It should be mentioned that these ideologies are represented by seventeen discourse strategies in the linguistic elements of the novel as shown by the data analysis of this research. The main discourse of the novel expresses the poverty, pain and suffering of a certain social class who live with failure and deprivation in the village environment. Trying to get rid of the existing unfortunate situation, fighting against injustice, confrontation between the city and the village, denouncing the class conflict, exposing the unfair relations governing the socio-economic relations of the village environment, protesting the government and its programs, the confusion and the distress of the villagers. As a result of crises caused by poverty, famine and injustice, they have formed the sub-discourses of this novel. It should be mentioned that by referring to feudalism, Dolatabadi has brought the events of the novel into economic and political issues, and by using some of the previously mentioned discourse tools, he has explained the system of lords and serfs with a critical eye. In this regard, the words he chose and the descriptions he provided are all critical. This shows that the author of the novel has chosen words and images suitable for his purpose.
The current research has examined and analyzed Baba Sobhan's Osane novel in the framework of Leslie Jeffries' theory and based on the components of critical stylistics. Regarding this issue, an attempt was made to answer the following questions: 1. how are the author's ideologies represented in the way of choosing and arranging the linguistic elements of the novel, which are interpreted as style? 2. Discovering the ideologies and beliefs hidden in the style of the novel has been made possible by using what discourse tools? In relation to these questions, the main goal of the article is to reveal the hidden intentions of the author's statements. For this purpose, the vocabulary and the structure of the sentences of the novel, which provide the ground for entering the discursive and cognitive space of the style, have been examined and analyzed. In this essay, the authors have analyzed the studied novel based on the components mentioned in the book, after extracting and categorizing the opinions of Leslie Jeffries in the book Critical Stylistics (2010) with a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings of the research show that the strategies of "negating" and "important information and opinions" have the highest frequency, and "naming", "synonyms" and "implicit meanings and accepted facts" have the lowest frequency in this discourse. The analysis of these findings indicates that in his discourse, the author has depicted the socio-economic situation of the villagers and the realities of their lives with a critical approach, considering the conditions of the society and the system of lords and serfs in Iran. At the same time, he has criticized those in power in Iran years before the land reforms.
The main hypothesis in the present article is that Baba Sobhan's Osane novel, as a verbal text, has a discourse structure that can be described, analyzed and interpreted based on Jeffries theory. Also, by using this model, the thought and ideology of its author is represented. In the framework of the research problem, by adopting the descriptive-analytical method, the components suggested by Jeffries, which are presented in his book, were extracted and categorized. Then, in order to discover these components in Baba Sobhan's Osane novel, which is considered as the body of the research, this work was carefully and repeatedly read. Finally, after finding the components mentioned by Jeffries in the text of the novel, the discursive propositions of the text were examined based on them. For this purpose, the vocabulary and the structure of the sentences of the novel, which provided the ground for entering the discourse and cognitive analysis of the style, were carefully analyzed. Finally, the frequency and percentage of occurrence of various discourse strategies in the story were obtained and presented in the form of separate tables.
Most of the studies that have been introduced so far under the title of Persian stylistics were individual studies that examined the style separately from the situational context of the text. But the authors in this essay proposed a solution to get out of this situation by introducing appropriate tools to analyze the style of Persian novels. Therefore, by using a method based on critical discourse analysis, they have studied the stylistic features of the text in relation to its situational context. In this regard, the present research was an attempt to test the hypothesis that the discourse of Baba Sobhan's Osane novel can be described and analyzed with the tools suggested by Jeffries. The results obtained from this study with regard to the research hypothesis showed that the mentioned novel as a critical verbal text benefits from a discourse structure that represents the opinions and ideologies of its author. It should be mentioned that these ideologies are represented by seventeen discourse strategies in the linguistic elements of the novel as shown by the data analysis of this research. The main discourse of the novel expresses the poverty, pain and suffering of a certain social class who live with failure and deprivation in the village environment. Trying to get rid of the existing unfortunate situation, fighting against injustice, confrontation between the city and the village, denouncing the class conflict, exposing the unfair relations governing the socio-economic relations of the village environment, protesting the government and its programs, the confusion and the distress of the villagers. As a result of crises caused by poverty, famine and injustice, they have formed the sub-discourses of this novel. It should be mentioned that by referring to feudalism, Dolatabadi has brought the events of the novel into economic and political issues, and by using some of the previously mentioned discourse tools, he has explained the system of lords and serfs with a critical eye. In this regard, the words he chose and the descriptions he provided are all critical. This shows that the author of the novel has chosen words and images suitable for his purpose.
Volume 18, Issue 72 (7-2021)
Abstract
The main issue of this research is to identify the intellectual, cultural and political depths of the book of Asar Al-Wozarah's works, written by "Sif-aldin Haji-'bn Nezam Aghili" as one of the examples of Persian ministry writing in the Timurid period, by analyzing the light layers of this text. The results of this research, which was done by combined research method (analytical-descriptive-argumentative), are as follows: In the linguistic layer, the presence of high-frequency moral codes, lack of indexes and more use of sensory words make the text the main goal of ministry writing. The descriptions of the ministers and their works and the mention of details on the subject of bureaucracy have been omitted; In the syntactic layer, more use of the news aspect, simple sentences and short sentences have added to the certainty, clarity and speed of the narration in the text; In the rhetorical layer, the author has not made significant use of rhetorical tools; At the pragmatic level, expressive / declarative action takes place in the first place and persuasive action in the next stage, and shows how the author has used these two actions to recognize the values that govern his value (moral / ideal) views. Aqili's main purpose in processing this text, rather than compiling a historical / political text with the coordinates of the Ministry is to write an educational and ethical work with an approach. Encouraging moral virtues has been by emphasizing the instability of the world and reflecting human actions in his destiny by relying on the concepts of justice and resurrection.
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