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Showing 37 results for Citation


Volume 3, Issue 5 (4-2016)
Abstract

The best method to trace the recitation of Hafs from Asim in the traditional Persian translation of the holy Quran is to investigate individual recitations of Hafs. i.e. investigation of the verses that Hafs is alone in their word/words recitation. Thus, it will be specified that the mentioned translation is based on Hafs recitation or not. By inspection of the individual recitation of Hafs in the famous translation in the 4th to 10th century (Tabari, Cambridge, Taj-alTarajem, Nasafi, Rawz-alJenan, Kashf al-asrar, Jala-alazhan, Mawaheb Aliyah, Manhaj al-sadeghin, the translation of the holy Quran in the 10th centuty belongs to an unknown translator), it will be verifiable that translators which have translated the holy Quran based on the prevalent recitation of that period in their area, have not translated the holy Quran based on the Hafs recitation. Among the 163 inspected cases, 144 cases are clearly translated based on other recitations, not Hafs and just 19 cases are based on Hafs recitation that it seems also to be due to editor’s activity. Furthermore, it shows Hafs has not complied the public recitation as some of the current Quran scientists imagine.

Volume 6, Issue 4 (10-2015)
Abstract

This article analyzes the sources which have been cited in articles of Language Related Research. The research method is citation analysis, and data analysis was performed by Excel software. The results showed that in this period of time, 213 articles were published. 162 papers were presented as team work and the rest were individual studies .The books with 3112 citations and journal articles with over 1258 citations were more than from other sources. Among the cited sources of the Persian, 79.45 percent of the books were written and 20.54 percent were translation. Also, 97.49 percent (506) of the Persian journals articles were written and 2.50 percent (13 cases) have been translation.The highest cited author and translators were respectively, “Hamid Reza Shaeir” with 44 and “Farzaneh Taheri” with 10 citations. The highest cited book in Persian was “Semiotics of discours analysis” with 13 citations. The highest cited journals in Persian and English were the “Journal of Language Related Research” and “Language”, respectively with 76 and 29 citations.  

Volume 7, Issue 13 (9-2020)
Abstract

As a universal translation strategy explicitation is based upon a variety of ploys to offer an equivalent translation of the source given the priority of explicitation with regards to retaning the source tex s form and structure. it is considered as a suitable strategy for Quran translation. Expliciitation methods reflect the domain of discourse majorly through four layers inclluding information provision emphasis allocation and informational deciphering. the purposes of  the present study involves introducing the explicitation sttategy. the results optaned from its analaysis in the area of Quran translation can be a further step towards offering a relatively  comperhnsive standard pattern of the translation process that is more reflective of the reality. the corpus of the study includes Assra surah with 111 verses. the method of the study is qualitative-quantitative-analytical approach. the high frequency of explicitation methods demostrated the omitted roles, expressive addition and refrences in both translation.
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Volume 8, Issue 32 (12-2015)
Abstract

Abstract The present study aims to determine the citation status in the articles of the Journal of Literary Criticism. This study applies a survey method with a citation analysis approach. All articles published in this journal during 1387-1393 are studied. The co-authorship shows that researchers tend to single productivity. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad was the most productive. Most co-authorship between institutions was conducted by Tarbiat Modares University. The average of citations for each article was 21.1 percent. Most of the citations were to books (76.24%) and then to journals (21.16%). Most of the citations were to Persian sources (69.05%). Sirus Shamisa, Mohammad Reza Shafie Kadkani and Tzvetan Todorov were the most cited writers. Mohammad Nabavi was the most cited translator. "Structure and Interpretation of the Text" was the most cited book. "The Journal of Literary Criticism" and "New literary History" were the most cited journal. "The Journal of Literary Criticism" and "New literary History" were the most cited journal.

Volume 9, Issue 20 (10-2005)
Abstract

Evaluating scientific quality is notoriously a difficult task which has no standard. Ideally, published scientific results should be scrutinized by experts of the related field(s) and should be given scores for qualitative and quantitative factors according to established rules. It is hardly surprising that methods for evaluating research are being sought, such as citation rates and journal impact factors, which seem to be quantitative and objective indicators directly related to published science. The citation data are obtained from a database produced by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) in Philadelphia, which continuously records scientific citations as represented by the reference lists of articles from a large number of the world's scientific journals. The references are rearranged in the database to show how many times each publication has been cited within a certain period, and by whom, and the results are published as the Science Citation Index (SCI). On the basis of the Science Citation Index and authors' publication lists, the annual citation rate of papers by a scientific author or research group can thus be calculated. Since journal impact factors are so readily available, it has been tempting to use them for evaluating individual scientists or research groups. Because Journal impact factors are calculated in a way that causes bias on the other hand for evaluation of scientific quality. There seems to be no alternative to qualified experts reading the publications. Then, much can be done, however, to improve and standardize the principles, procedures, and criteria used in evaluation, and the scientific community would be well served if efforts could be concentrated on this rather than on developing ever more sophisticated versions of basically useless indicators. In the words of Sidney Brenner, "What matters absolutely is the scientific content of a paper, and nothing will substitute for either knowing or reading it.

Volume 10, Issue 1 (5-2010)
Abstract

An Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) system is designed and manufactured, in which a controlled current is applied to the electromagnets of the stator by a PID controller and the generated attraction forces control the gap between rotor and stator. Effect of parameters, such as sampling frequency, excitation pattern, and the gap between rotor and stator on stability of AMB is statistically analyzed, using the experimental results. Furthermore, dynamic behavior of the system, effect of magnetic field and the resultant force, are numerically analyzed. As the system is nonlinear, experimental results are used to study the effects of nonlinearity and to control the system. In numerical analysis, the distribution and flux density of the magnetic field and the applied force on Iron shaft are calculated by Virtual Work and Maxwell Methods. In statistical analysis, the effect of frequency and gap between rotor and stator are used to determine the stable working point of the system.

Volume 10, Issue 4 (12-2010)
Abstract

Vehicles are subject to random road excitations due to road unevenness and variable velocity which causes ride discomfort and fatigue. Ride comfort could be improved by decreasing vehicle accelerations. In this paper, to evaluate the vehicle ride comfort, root mean square acceleration response (RMSAR) is calculated using power spectral density (PSD) of road excitations and these quantities are compared with the ISO2631 boundary values. Then by considering ISO2631, the vehicle’s RMSAR is minimized by optimal design of vehicle suspension viscous damping and stiffness parameters. To solve this nonlinear constrained optimization problem, we utilize genetic algorithms. Also, in the design process the physical restrictions are included. Obtained results demonstrate a considerable improvement of vehicle ride comfort and its dynamic response as a result of reduced accelerations. Comparing the obtained results with those obtained by method of nonlinear programming confirms the supremacy of genetic algorithms.

Volume 11, Issue 2 (4-2023)
Abstract

Aims: Cardiac arrest is a sudden cessation of heart function and results in death if not immediately assisted with Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). Chances of survival increase if immediately assisted CPR by people around or bystanders. There is a need to increase the quantity and quality of CPR bystanders through CPR education and training using application media that can be used anytime and anywhere. This study was done to determine the effect of CPR training using the SI-Hajar app on the knowledge and skills of teenagers about CPR.
Materials & Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-and post-test approach to CPR training using the Si-Hajar app. Samples were taken by purposive sampling from 40 teenagers in Lubuklinggau City Juni in December 2021. CPR knowledge was measured from knowledge about out-of-hospital hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), which was measured using a questionnaire. Skill was measured by how the subject performed CPR using a CPR standard checklist regarding operating procedures.
Findings: After the implementation of the Si-Hajar app, we found a statistically significant difference in knowledge and skill scores between the Si-Hajar and control (P<0.001 for both) groups. There was a correlation between group intervention and knowledge (p=0.001), but there was no correlation between knowledge and the history of cardiac arrest (p=0.0761) and willingness to perform CPR (p=0.0585). Regarding the CPR skill, there was a correlation between group intervention and skill (p=0.001), but there was no correlation between skill and the history of cardiac arrest and willingness to perform CPR.
Conclusion: Using the Si-Hajar app has a significant effect on the knowledge and skills of teenagers in OHCA knowledge and CPR management.



Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2011)
Abstract

In this paper, considering a half car model with 3-DOF, the effects of vehicle velocity, wheelbase, and the vibration parameters of the passenger seat on the statistical characteristics of the vehicle body and the seat responses are investigated. In the previous studies, 2-DOF model was generally used for vibration analysis of the vehicle under the road random excitation. However, science these models ignore the DOF corresponding to the seat, they are not suitable for ride comfort analysis. Here, in order to overcome this shortage and make it possible to study the ride comfort, considering an additional DOF for the seat, a half car 3-DOF model has been used. Moreover, in order to investigate the Root Mean Square Acceleration Response (RMSAR) of the vehicle body and the seat, a mathematical relation is proposed for the power spectral density (PSD) of the actual highway- type road excitation. Finally, by applying the proposed PSD, the ride comfort of a special passenger car (Samand) has been studied. The results show that the range of variations of RMSAR of the vehicle body and that of the seat are completely different from each other, and by choosing reasonable values for the stiffness and damping coefficients of the seat, one can improve the ride comfort.

Volume 11, Issue 5 (11-2020)
Abstract

Research on the influence of affective factors in language learning has grown in recent years largely due to the recognition of the role they play in second language (L2) acquisition (Henter, 2014). This study investigates two affective factors, confidence and anxiety, and how they impact young Finnish adults when using English in different formal and informal communicative situations. A multiple case study design is employed to gather different experiences and perceptions of young Finns’ willingness to use English in different situational contexts. To explore confidence and anxiety in specific speaking scenarios, the study used photo-elicitation interviews, in which a set of photographs was used as a stimulus with regular interview questions (Harper, 2002).  Findings show that young Finnish adults attribute the lack of authentic oral communication in their comprehensive English education as being partially responsible for their apprehension in speaking English, and that fear of judgment, particularly in more formal scenarios, often induces a sense of anxiety. Confidence in using English was sensed through the perception that their English was equal to or better than those around them and was also ameliorated by the familiarity and casualness of the situation. The photo-elicitation method proved fruitful for evoking more detailed and personal experiences and helped participants visualize the scenarios, providing more lucid and candid responses. The study affirms a need for more research on Finnish adults’ affective factors in their use of English and advocates for the wider application of photo-elicitation in Applied Linguistics research.

Volume 12, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract

This paper deals with the effects of duty cycle on improvement of pressure distribution over a NLF0414 airfoil using the plasma actuators. Three Dielectric barrier discharges as the plasma actuators are flush mounted on the airfoil surface in different positions to improve pressure distribution at post-stall angles of attack. The experiments were performed in wind tunnel with pressure tabs measurements at Re_c=7.5×〖10〗^5. The main objective of these experiments is to find the most effective duty cycles for different excitation frequencies and different angles of attack. Results show that the plasma actuators in unsteady excitations are more effective in lower duty cycles on low excitation frequencies but the lower duty cycles lose their effectiveness on higher excitation frequencies.

Volume 12, Issue 1 (6-2022)
Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine and identify the perceptions of employees on the eve of retirement of the electricity industry about retirement to achieve a deeper understanding. Accordingly, using Zaltman's metaphorical extraction technique, the cognitive structures of employees have been studied and analyzed. The study participants were 12 people and were selected among the employees on the verge of retirement in the electricity industry using the concept sampling method. Then individuals were asked to select images for the interview session that they considered to mean retirement. In the interview session, questions related to the images were asked and then the answers were analyzed in order to discover the concepts. A total of sixteen structures were extracted, including "inevitable", "starting again", "fear and excitement of entering a new life challenge", "separation from work and loss of role", "rest, discovery and pursuit of individual interests", "Freedom and release from the cage" and "Emotional deprivation" were identified as the main structures in the consensus plan. According to the consensus plan, "start again", "separation from work and lack of role" and "inevitable", causal structures, "emotional deprivation", "fear and excitement of entering a new life challenge" and "rest, discovery and pursuit of individual interests" were considered as affected structures. The consensus map shows that the organization should take into account the relationships between structures, while strengthening the positive mentalities, change the negative mentalities of employees on the verge of retirement, and repair the retirement challenges associated with it.


Volume 12, Issue 5 (1-2013)
Abstract

This paper deals with experimental measurements of the instantaneous ionic wind velocity induced by Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator in quiescent air at atmospheric pressure. A parametric study has been performed in order to increase the velocity of the ionic wind induced by the DBD actuators. The electrical and mechanical characteristics of the plasma actuator have been studied under different conditions. The main objective of this work was to help to optimize the geometrical and electrical parameters to obtain more effective ionic wind for flow control. The time averaged velocity profiles of the ionic wind show that the position of the maximum velocity come near the surface by increasing the excitation frequency. Our results indicate that the DBD plasma actuators generate vortices at the same frequency of the excitation frequency of the applied high voltage. The power, of the vortices that are shed from the actuators, increases by increasing duty cycle percentage. Unlike other similar works in this field, this study has examined the behavior of unsteady plasma actuator.

Volume 13, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Abstract

This paper presents a comparative study of turbulence models performance in prediction the oscillating characteristics of naturally excited jet flows. The unsteady averaged Navier-Stoks equations for turbulent incompressible flow and five variant turbulence closures are used in this study. A large family of turbulence models exists in the literature which is far too extensive to be reviewed here. The models are ranged from simple algebraic expressions for the eddy viscosity to more elaborated formulations which introduce a separate transport equation for each component of the Reynolds stresses. The software, FLUENT 6.3.26, was employed for solving the governing equations. Computational results compared with reported experimental data. The standard k-ε and SST k-ω models clearly showed better results than the others. The accuracy of standard k-ε model decreases with decreasing the nozzle inlet velocity and it failed to predict the minimum excitation velocity (minimum excitation kinetic energy) in the self excited fluidic nozzle.

Volume 14, Issue 7 (10-2014)
Abstract

In this paper, the nonlinear behavior, instability and bifurcation phenomena in the response of a cylindrical shallow shell under lateral ‎white noise excitation are studied. The structure interacts with a general non aging viscous medium that can be modeled by relaxation or ‎creep kernels. Using the powerful FPK equation and some practical and logical simplifications, an exact solution for such complex system ‎including nonlinearity, viscoelasticity and randomness is obtained. Since all statistical properties of response such as mean, variance, ‎statistical moments, central moments, etc. can be obtained from the probability density function, the behavior of this function including the ‎number and sign of its roots and their effects on the stability, bifurcation phenomenon and the type of bifurcation is investigated and ‎studied. In this process, using some non dimensional quantities, the governing equation and the probability density function are rearranged ‎such that the results of simulations can be used for a broad band of cylindrical shallow shells. Finally, using some examples, the variations ‎of the non dimensional quantities on the whole behavior, stability and bifurcation type of response are studied. ‎

Volume 14, Issue 15 (3-2015)
Abstract

In this study, the nonlinear vibration of a sandwich FG plate resting on a nonlinear Pasternak foundation which is simultaneously subjected to transverse harmonic forcing excitation and in-plane static force is investigated. Based on the Modified First-Order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT), applying the von-Karman nonlinear strain–displacement relation and the Hamilton’s principle, the governing nonlinear coupled partial differential equations are derived. Then, the Galerkin’s procedure is used to reduce the equations of motion to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. In the absence of foundation, the validity of the formulation for analyzing the modified shear correction factors for shear stresses is accomplished by comparing the results with those reported in the literature. By applying the multiple scales method and considering the second order nonlinear approximation of solution, the primary resonance of the system under the transverse forcing excitation is analyzed. Under the steady-state condition, the frequency-response, the force-response and the damping-response equations are derived. Then the conditions of existence and stability of multiple coexisting non-trivial solutions for amplitude of the responses are discussed and the saddle node bifurcation points of the characteristic curves are derived. It is shown that, the variation of the system parameters in the resonance boundary may cause the jump phenomenon. Moreover, the effects of the system parameters including, excitation frequency, foundation parameters, damping, and amplitude of the harmonic and in-plane forces on the system nonlinear dynamics are investigated. Also it is shown that the presence of the foundation has a considerable influence on the resonance characteristic curves.

Volume 15, Issue 3 (5-2015)
Abstract

Dynamic modeling of beams under aerodynamic loading is extremely important in many engineering applications. So the objective of this paper is to present a new approach to model and simulate the time domain response of tapered cantilever beams with airfoil cross section to wind excitation. The extended Hamilton’s principles along with the Euler-Bernoulli assumptions are utilized to derive the Partial Differential Equation (PDE) governing the deflection of the beam. A new finite difference based algorithm is proposed for finding the mode-shapes as well as the natural frequencies of the beam. These mode-shapes are then used in a Galerkin projection procedure to convert the PDE governing the system’s behavior into strongly coupled nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). The aerodynamic loadings are modeled using the open source code of XFOIL. The blade of an under developed 100KW wind turbine is considered as a case study. The results reveal that even a single mode approximation is accurate enough in predicting the beam’s dynamic exposed to wind excitation. It was also observed that the instability speed of beams with higher modal damping is considerably higher than those with lower modal damping. The knowledge resulting from this effort is expected to enable the analysis, optimization, and synthesis of tapered cantilever beams for improved dynamic performance.

Volume 15, Issue 12 (2-2016)
Abstract

In recent decades, study of the behavior of ship motion in waves is considered by researchers. In this paper, mathematical modeling of nonlinear coupling of roll and heave modes of a ship under harmonic excitation in heave direction is studied. The method of multiple scales is used to solve nonlinear equations. Equations of motion in harmonic excitation is studied. In order to validate the responses obtained by the method of multiple scales, the response obtained for a sample is compared with the numerical solution of the equation and good agreement is obtained. Analysis ship motion requires time consuming computations in large scaled model. In addition to evalution of nonlinear coupling roll motion with heave in forced vibrations, the motion is modeled with a simple mechanical system includes mass–spring-damper and pendulum under identical conditions and the response of equal system with response of the original system is consistent. Sensitivity analysis was carried out for nonlinear coupling of roll and heave in harmonic excitation with local and partial derivative methods and the results from two methods is compared.

Volume 15, Issue 62 (3-2019)
Abstract

Today, one of the challenges of academic research in the field of language and literature is the frequency of using the theory in conducting fundamental research in the field of theoretical and practical critique. Adherents of such an approach, due to systemic and coherent interdisciplinary nature, consider the need for such recursive tools for literary research to be essential as synchronous as the literary researches of the Western world. And adherents of such an approach insist on stereotypes, artificial, superficiality, reductionism and westernization of these researches and according to the policy of negation of theorist, they believe it is necessary to return to the traditional methods of past critics or pioneers in this field.The author believes that at the intersection of the two aforesaid, a moderate route can be found, Therefore, this descriptive-analytical essay emphasizes that While avoiding any kind of extremism in the pursuit of the theory-based research, There are two great ways to retrieve literary texts: First is the combination of scientific and interdisciplinary methods to analysis and evaluation of literary texts And the second is a deep acquaintance with the principles of theorizing and philosophical approaches to produce indigenous theories compatible with the worldview prevailing on Persian literature.

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