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Showing 5 results for Circle

, Monireh Mehrabi Kali,
Volume 6, Issue 23 (10-2013)
Abstract

Multiple theories are proposed in respect of cognitive linguistics among which, "conceptual metaphor" and "image schema" have the highest importance. image schemas are some structures of cognitive process which are formed because of the physical experience of human in contact to the external world and provide the possibility for understanding and analysis of abstract concepts. Image schema have different species such as, containment¬¬ Schemas , path Schemas , force Schemas. Cycle Schemas is one of the kinds of image schemas which can be formed by natural or conventional mapping. Abstract concepts of cycle schemas in the poems of Sa’di can be placed in to three categories: 1) request; 2)complaint; 3)desertion. And the abstract concepts of cycle schemas in the poems of Hafez can be placed in to three categories: 1) request; 2)complaint; 3)submission. The cognitive analyses obtained from the cycle schemas of these poets include: 1) sa’di’s understanding of time movement is liner and Hafez’s understanding of it is circular. 2) sa’di’s liner movement understanding indicates to realization and Hafez’s circular understanding indicates to his idealization. 3) Because of liner movement understanding Sa’di is placed in to tragic human-being group and due to circular movement understanding Hafez is regarded as spic human. 4) The form of the vocabularies’application and general structure of the poems indicate to the decentralization of Sa’di and centralization of Hafez.

Volume 15, Issue 2 (5-2008)
Abstract

The problem of the hermeneutical circle is one of the contentious issues in philosophical hermeneutics. This paper, begins with focusing on the question as to whether what hermeneuts mean by a hermeneutical circle is in fact a real circle with no analogical sense involved. Recognizing that this problem is not confined to the relation between part and whole, this study confines itself to explore the problem of the hermeneutical circle with regard to the circularity between part and whole in a sentence. I will argue that, as far as the interdependence between part and whole of a sentence is concerned, there is no real circularity between them. This will be followed by scrutinizing the source of such a misunderstanding, i.e., the circular interdependence between understanding the part and the whole of a sentence. I will present my analysis through a critical reading of two contemporary hermeneuts, Eric Donald Hirsch and Graeme Nicholson, even though both are on the right track in questioning the existence of such a circle in the first place. The argument presented could apply to contexts well beyond that of the circularity between part and whole in a sentence.

Volume 17, Issue 2 (3-2017)
Abstract

Demands for high speed vessels are increasing due to various usages. Reducing the resistance to achieve high speeds is an important objective in design of high speed crafts. Creating longitudinal side tunnels in the hull causes resistance reduction. Designing the boat is not right only for reducing drag force; stability and maneuverability are also important factors. In this paper, high speed tunneled hull performance is evaluated considering numerical simulation of turning circle maneuver as a standard maneuver. The numerical approach is implemented due to high and acceptable accuracy compared with mathematical models and lower cost compared to experimental tests. Among the various techniques, modeling of maneuver of the boat was performed by considering mesh movement with boat and combination of sliding mesh and movement of domain as an effective method. Reducing computation time and increasing the accuracy of solution is of its advantages. Finite volume method and k-ω model is used respectively for discretization equations and simulation of turbulence. In free surface modeling, mixture model was preferred instead of free surface model. Solution methodology was validated using experimental results of a single-hull boat. Path of the boat in various tests was presented in the result section, considering the effect of angle of rudder, thrust and movement mode of the boat on the maneuver parameters. The results show enhancing maneuverability of the boat by approaching the planing mode so that by increasing the speed and closing to planing mode, tactical diameter is reduced up to 7.5% compared to the displacement mode.

Volume 17, Issue 67 (12-2020)
Abstract

At the end of safavid dynasty, Hazin-e- Lahiji was one of the most remarkable poets. In his youth, he witnessed the collapse of the dynasty. This collapse gradually changed the political atmosphere and sequentially socio-economic and cultural status which led to alteration in the dominant discourse if arts, thus literature took a turn from Hindi style to Literary restoration. Hazin had always been recognized as a poet of Hindi style. This article by useing content analysing method (descriptive-analytical and statistical) proves that Hazin ,as an artist of this transition period, as opposed to the common theory of being a poet of Hindi style, is actually one of the artists of literary restoration style and in his prose works he has been influenced by Safavid objective and also some of constitutional perspectives. This study investigates his life and studies his works, then for determining his style more accurately, reviews the stylistic characteristics of the first circle of Literary restoration and compares them to the characteristics of Hazin`s poems. Therefore suggests that Hazin should be considered as the beginner of restoration style more than he should be seen as a follower of Hindi style.

Volume 20, Issue 6 (12-2020)
Abstract

Bridges are one of the most important river structures that have been used for many years. With the construction of bridges, the natural width of the river decreases and this results in a barrier in water flow. This causes the depth of water upstream of the bridge to exceed the normal depth and this increase in depth is called afflux, which is an important factor to consider when designing bridges. In this present study, two kinds of bridge piers of different shapes were used; circular and semicircular nose and tail. Using laboratory modeling and the two types of bridge piers, the effect of Froude number, the amount of flow path narrowing (σ), and the effect of the angle of bridge pier with respect to flow direction, pier shape, and ratio of length to thickness of the bridge pier were examined. Experiments were done in a flume with 15 m length, 30.9 cm width, and a 45 cm height.  Results show that when Froude number is increased, afflux is increased as well. However, these changes are not the same in the two different bridge pier shapes. By examining Froude number in different path narrowing, it was found that generally, the amount of afflux is directly related to the Froude number. This survey also investigated the length-thickness ratio (L/t) effect of piers. For this purpose, different dimensions of piers, with widths of 3.8 cm and lengths of 15.2, 26.6, and 38 cm were investigated. For circular shape bridge piers, 3.8 cm diameter piers were used. When Froude number is constant, afflux is increased by increasing the number of piers across the channel. Results indicate that the amount of water rising is different in the two kinds of bridge piers (in circular shape and semicircular nose and tail piers). Additionally, changing the direction of piers also affects the formation of this phenomenon (afflux). Usually, piers are installed so that their mounting degree with flow direction is 90 degrees, but sometimes it is necessary to install them in another degree. Therefore, the use of skewed bridge piers with various angles can be important for the design. In this study, it was shown that , the angle of the pier, strongly affects the amount of afflux. It was illustrated that afflux increases more when changes are among higher degrees. For instance, when  is changed from 15 to 20 compared to changing from 10 to 15, the increase in afflux is greater. According to results, afflux is higher in semicircular nose and tail piers than in circular shapes with the same Froude number. Also, as Froude number increases, the slope of the afflux curve of circular piers becomes smaller than that of the semicircle nose and tail piers.
Investigation of the length-thickness ratio (L/t) effect of piers on afflux shows that this parameter is negligible in  (when pier direction is parallel to flow direction). However, as  is increased, this parameter affects afflux more. Finally, by considering all the parameters, the experimental relationships for estimating the amount of afflux were developed for both bridge pier shapes utilized in the study.


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