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Aims: The postpartum period presents significant physical, emotional, and social challenges for mothers. One common issue is postpartum blues, which can negatively impact maternal well-being. This study aims to analyze the effect of yoga exercises on preventing postpartum blues in postpartum mothers using family health media as an intervention.
Instrument & Methods: A quantitative analytical study with a quasi-experimental approach was conducted. The study involved postpartum mothers at the Alisah Clinic, utilizing a total population sampling technique. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and interviews, then analyzed statistically using SEM-PLS to evaluate the relationship between yoga practice frequency, duration, family support, and postpartum blues prevention.
Findings: The results show that yoga exercise significantly reduces postpartum blues symptoms. Higher frequency and longer duration of yoga sessions contribute to better mental and physical well-being. Additionally, the quality of family health media plays a crucial role in enhancing knowledge and promoting behavioral changes supportive of yoga practice. Family support was found to positively influence the consistency of yoga practice.
Conclusion: Yoga exercises, when practiced regularly with adequate duration and supported by quality health media and family involvement, are effective in preventing postpartum blues. These findings highlight the importance of accessible and structured yoga programs as part of postpartum mental health care.
 

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The current study suggests the utilization of steel wool as an extended anode electrode in an electrochemical process to en­hance the efficiency of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) re­moval from wastewater. The effect of the operating parameters of initial pH, applied current, supporting electrolyte, and initial dye concentration on textile dye removal efficiency was inves­tigated to determine the optimum conditions of the process. Ki­netic studies were performed in the optimum conditions. Scan­ning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) were carried out to determine the morphology and characteri­zation of the extended anode surface. Under the optimum con­ditions, the dye and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were obtained 99.42% and 72.72%, respectively. The reaction kinetic data of the electrochemical process was followed by the pseudo-second-order kinetic rate equation (R² = 0.99). These findings might be useful in treating the various pollutants in industrial wastewater.

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Viable pollen grains and eggs are necessary for processes of pollination, fertilization, and embryo formation for seed production. Various staining techniques were used to estimate pollen viability in herbicide treated plants. Effect of metsulfuron-methyl (2-[in(4-methoxy-6-methyl-l,3,5-triazine-2-yl) amino] carbonyl] amino] siilfonyl] benzoic acid) on pollen grain viability of dyers woad (Isatis tinctoria h.) inflorescence was investigated. Pollen grains of these plants were treated with 3,5,8,12 g a.i./ha metsulfuron in mid-anthesis stages. The treated plants were harvested in 1,3,5,7,9 and 12 day intervals after treatment and compared with control plants. Aniline blue in lactophenol (acid) and acetocarmine in glycerin (basic) were used for staining herbicide treated pollen grains. Full staining of dyers woad pollen grains significantly declined as herbicide application rates increased. Postponing the time of harvest through intervals of several days after treatment decreased the pollen grain stainability, irrespective of herbicide rate. With similar staining trends among pollen grains with the acidic and basic techniques, a significant difference in stainahility rate of the pollen grains was observed, with lower staining rates with aniline blue in lactophenol versus acetociirmine in glycerin. The rate of pollen grain stainability of herbicide treated weeds gave an adequate estimation of viability and fertility of pollen grains. As the percentage of pollen grain stainahility decreased, the efficacy of metsulfuron increased and vice versa. Use of various acidic and basic stains to estimate pollen viability can be an adequate procedure to determine the treated herbicide efficacy.

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Background: Trichomoniasis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted human disease that is caused by protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Metronidazole is the selective drug in trichomoniasis treatment. However, the reported cases show an increasing trend of drug resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mango and blueberry extracts on T. vaginalis.
Materials and Methods: T. vaginalis was cultured axenically in TYM (Trypticase Yeast Extract) medium supplemented with 10% bovine serum. The effect of mango and blueberry extracts at 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 μg.mL^-1 on T. vaginalis was studied after 24 and 48 hours. The final numbers of parasite with a hemocytometer and Trypan blue were recorded. Then the value of IC₅₀ [Half maximal inhibitory concentration] and the lethal percent were calculated. In the present study, the metronidazole was used as positive control. The IC₅₀ value of metronidazole and tinidazole were calculated in the concentrations of 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16 and 0.32 μg.mL^-1.
Results: The final results confirmed the significant effect of all mango and blueberry extracts concentrations on the reduction of parasite numbers (P-value<0.05(. The extract concentrations of 1000 μg.mL^-1 had the most significant effect on T. vaginalis growth inhibition after 24 hours. The IC₅₀ values of mango and blueberry extracts, metronidazole, and tinidazole were calculated as 118.3, 60.74, 0.042 and 0.02 μg.ml^-1 respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the different concentrations of mango and blueberry extracts have significant anti  Trichomonas vaginalis activities. It is suggested  carrying out further studies on suitable animal models.

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The antibiotic properties of eight cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) species from Anzali Wetland was investigated on several bacterial species through vacuum distillation and simple mechanical methods. The result showed that Anabaena sp., A. variabilis, A. flos-aquae and Aphanizomenonflos-aquaehad negative effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureusandA. flos-aquaeand A. oscillaroideshad negative effects on the growth of E. coli. The growth of Candida albicans yeast was greatly reduced by Aphanizomenonflos-aquae, A. variabilis, and A. oscillaroides. Among the investigated algae only A. oscillaroides could reduce the growth of Pseudomonassp. 

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In this study, the effect of carbon and nitrogen sources, on production of yeast biomass was determined as well as the efficacy of various formulations of Candida membranifaciens to decrease blue mold on apple. The media containing sugar cane molasses as carbon sources caused more yeast growth than the media supplemented with permeate powder. Yeast extract as nitrogen source produced higher biomass than urea and Corn steep liquor (CSL). The best growth was obtained in medium that composed of sugar cane molasses, yeast extract and CSL. Viability of C. membranifaciens differed in various carriers significantly (p < 0.01). The number of viable cells in Kaolin and Talc-based formulations was gradually reduced whereas the viability in wheat bran based formulations increased in 4 months and then gradually declined. In general, the formulations stored at 4 °C had longer shelf life than those stored at 24 °C. The antagonistic efficacy of prepared formulations of C. membranifaciens was evaluated against Penicillium expansum on apple at storage conditions. There were no significant differences among Talc-based, Kaolin-based and Wheat bran-based formulations of C. membranifaciens in reduction of blue mold.

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Blue mold disease caused by Penicillium expansum is a major post-harvest disease of apples. In this research, the biochemical basis of apple resistance to this pathogen was studied in two relatively resistant and susceptible cultivars, Granny smith and Mashhad, respectively. The activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes and polyphenol content were compared at different time intervals of 0 to 7 days. Based on the results, fruit polyphenol content of Granny smith was higher than that of Mashhad PPO, SOD and CAT activity was higher in Granny smith than Mashhad but CAT activity decreased three days post-treatment. No detectable difference was found in POX activities in the two cultivars. It is concluded that polyphenols contribute in apple resistance to blue mold. Activation of PPO and SOD, lack of POX activity and decrease of CAT activity, all together, could lead to a toxic environment around the blue mold fungus.

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In classical Persian literature, there are many references to the “green” sky. However, many Persian speakers today use the color blue to refer to the sky. Several researchers have discussed the status of the green color in mythological, astrological, poetic visualization, and religious beliefs of Iranians to explain this difference. Nevertheless, they have ignored the fact that this discrepancy is not limited to classical texts and still can be observed in different parts of the country and, moreover, there are similar examples in languages and cultures all around the world. This article studies the colors attributed to the sky in Persian literature drawing on linguistic relativity theory about the influence of language on color perception. I conclude that Persian speakers in the absence of a word indicating all shades of blue have associated the color of the sky with a type of green color. This, however, was not just a linguistic choice. Older generations under the influence of linguistic relativity perceived the color of the sky as a shade of green color.

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Centranthera tranquebarica (Spreng.) Merr. (Orobranchaceae) and Mallotus repandus (Rottler) Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) are reported as new host plants of Junonia orithya (Linnaeus, 1758) (Nymphalidae) and Rapala manea (Hewitson, 1863) (Lycaenidae) butterflies from Paschim Bardhaman district of West Bengal, India. Schleichera oleosa (Sapindaceae), a deciduous tree, is reported as new host plant of Coladenia indrani (Moore, [1866]) (Hesperiidae) from Bankura district of West Bengal, India. Defensive mechanism of Junonia orithya larva by rolling itself into a tight spiral is also observed.

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Species of the genus Chalybion Dahlbom, 1843 from India are studied. The species C. gracile Hensen, 1988 is recorded for the first time from India. The reported distributions of C. bengalense Dahlbom, 1845 within various states of India are augmented here. A modified key to the species of Chalybion from India is provided. Diagnosis, figures, and table showing comparison of newly recorded species, i.e., C. gracile with the widely distributed C. bengalense is provided. Diagnostic morphological characters of both C. gracile and C. bengalense are illustrated here.

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The present study was conducted in Electric Blue Cichlid Sciaenochromis fryeri in early larval developmental stages from the fifth day post hatching (DPH) until 51 DPH to determine day of transforming from embryo to juvenile. Morphological characteristics were evaluated by using ImageJ software. Allometric growth patterns were calculated based on the formula Y=aX^b. Yolk sac depletion was occurred on day 9. Scales were developed on day 19 and finaly developed juvenile shape. allometric pattern of different body segments were calculated according to isometry, positive, and negative allometry. Positive allometry of head and tail prior to inflexion point and variation in allometric growth pattern in different body segment determine priorities of organogenesis for survival in fish early life history. The obtained results showed consistency between the larval morphological changes and development of organs related to sensory movements and larval behavior. Every morphological change in larvae displays the development and evolution of one of the organs involved in feeding, breathing, swimming and sensory organs.

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In this study, the effect of red and blue illumination on continuous culture of two different species of microalgae and cynicocytosis was studied. Comparison of blue and red lights in the cyanobacteria, Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, showed that this specie grows very fast under red light illumination, but it has very slow growth rate under blue light exposure. In spite of huge difference in growth rate, the lipid content and the fatty acid composition of Synechocystis was approximately the same for red and blue light illumination. For microalgae, Chlorella Sorokiniana, the blue light resulted to slightly higher growth rate than the red light. The C18:3 unsaturated fatty acid content was significantly higher for red light illumination compare to blue light illumination. Overall, considering the lower energy requirement for illumination of red, this light is more efficient than blue light for cultivation of Chlorella Sorokiniana.

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The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of two procedures i.e. feeding and immersion followed by feeding, for masculinizing Blue Hap. Two experiments (experiments I and II) were conducted. In experiment I, feeding hormonal treatment was applied on post-yolk sac stage fry (10 days after fertilization at 27ºC). Dosages of 30mg (group A) and 60mg (group B) of 17α-methyltestosterone per kg of food were used during 60-day periods (40 fry per treatment). The control group i.e. group C, received no hormone. In experiment II, one day post hatching larvae were exposed to an immersion treatment in 17α-methyltestosterone at 1000 μg/l up to 2 h (16 larvae per treatment). Later, at the first day of post-yolk sac stage, the treatment was followed by oral procedure which was divided in 2 groups: group D and group E. In group D, 30 mg 17α-Methyltestosterone per kg of food was used during a 60-day period. In group E, fry received 60 mg of hormone per kg of food during the same period. The control group i.e. group F, did not receive any hormone. Change in sex proportion within each experiment as well as between experiments was analyzed by chi-square test (p<0.05). In experiment I, 60 mg feeding treatment significantly (p<0.05) increased the proportion of the males (85.7%) in comparison to the control group (46.67%). Lower male proportion (60%), but still significant (p<0.05), was evaluated in 30 mg feeding treatment. In experiment II, in both groups (D and E), although sex ratio was different from the theoretical 1:1 sex ratio, fish skewed toward sterility rather than masculinization because of high hormonal dozes. In conclusion, this study confirms that it is possible to achieve high rates of hormonal masculinization in Blue hap.

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Dyes are being extensively used in textile, dyeing and leather industries and usually have a synthetic origin and complex chemical structure that may be mutagenic and carcinogenic. Among various processes of dye removal from wastewater, adsorption is considered to be the most efficient process. Activated carbon is the most widely used adsorbent with great success because of its high adsorption capacity, but its use is limited due to its high-cost, has led to a search for cheaper substitutes. Optimization methods, such as the Taguchi method has been generally adopted to optimize the design parameters, because this systematic approach can significantly minimize the overall testing and the experimental costs. In this study; the optimum condition of Reactive Blue 19(RB19) removal by activated carbon based on pomegranate residual is determined using Taguchi method. For this purpose, 4 main factors such as pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration and contact time were considered in 5 levels. Therefore, an L25 orthogonal array was chosen, and the experimental conditions were obtained. In addition, after design of experiments, an analysis of the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio was needed to evaluate the experimental results. The analysis of mean (ANOM) statistical approach was adopted herein to construct the optimal conditions. In addition to ANOM, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical method was also used to analyze the influence of each controllable factor on the dye removal efficiency. To prepare the To prepare the activated carbon (AC), pomegranate residual was collected. Collected sample has been dried in an oven for 2 h at 100 0C. It was then ground in a ball mill and the material passed through the No.30 mesh was collected and tested. They were soaked for 24 h in a 1:1 wt. ratio with 50 wt. % phosphoric acid as the carbonized at room temperature. The sample is then decanted and dried in a muffle furnace for 1 h at 500 0C. They were then washed sequentially several times with hot distilled water, until pH of the washing solution became neutral. AC was finally powdered and sieved by the No. 100 mesh. The experiments were done 3 times according to the tests conditions determined by the Taguchi method and the dye removal efficiency was measured. Due to the results of S/N and ANOM, it can be inferred that the optimum mixture proportions to obtain the highest RB19 removal efficiency are as follows. (1) Initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L; (2) pH of 11; (3) adsorbent dose of 1.75 gr/L; and (4) contact time of 7 minutes. The experiment with aforementioned condition was done and result was shown the highest efficiency (98.94%). According to the result of ANOVA, the rank order of the contribution percentage of each factor on RB19 removal efficiency is as follows: (1) initial dye concentration (52.67%), (2) adsorbent dose (33.32%), (3) pH (13.61%), and (4) contact time (2.72%).

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Activated carbon is widely used at various industrial processes such as water and wastewater industries. Activated Carbon (AC) is an adsorbent which is mostly employed for removing dye from aqueous solutions because of its excellent adsorption properties. Therefore, AC is used in the adsorption process in order to remove different pollutants from the wastewater, especially colored contaminants. however; the use of commercial grade of activated carbon is faced with difficulties due to the high price of raw materials. The used newspaper found as a main component of solid wastes can be used for producing of activated carbon. One of the most important industrial pollutants, especially in textile industries, is the dyes that even at low concentrations of one parts per million (ppm) are recognizable by naked eyes. One of the mostly consumed materials in the dye industry is Methylene Blue (MB) which is used for cotton and silk dyeing. Up to now, a great number of methods have been proposed in order to remove dyes from the industrial waste water, among which adsorption is the most acceptable due to its cost effectiveness and the possibility of usage in large scales. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of activated carbon produced from the used newspaper for the removal of methylene blue dye in aqueous solution. KOH solution (weighted ratio of 1:3) was used to activation. The carbonization process was applied at 500˚C with the rate of 17˚C/min. After carbonization, the sample was cooled down to room temperature and then washed with distilled water until the pH of the filtered water was stabilized at 7.5. N2 adsorption at 77K is used to characterize the produced activated carbon using BET isotherm. To evaluate the performance of methylene blue dye removal, the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich-Peterson isotherms with pseudo-first and pseudo-second order and inter-particle diffusion kinetic models were used. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔΗ˚), entropy (ΔS˚) Gibbs free energy (ΔG˚) were also calculated. Based on the results, the values of SBET and VTOTAL were obtained 66.01 m2/g and 0.063 ml/g, respectively. According to the R2 and sum of squares for error (SSE%) values and regression curves, the optimum isotherm and kinetic model were determined Freundlich and pseudo-second order ones, respectively. In addition, qmax constant was obtained 68.03 mg/g for Langmuir isotherm. Kinetic parameters showed the adsorption of methylene blue dye on the activated carbon is endothermic and spontaneous. Also, (ΔG˚) in physical adsorption was changed from 0 to -20 kJ/mol, while the amount of the chemical adsorption will changed between -80 to -400. Finally, the activated carbon obtained from used newspaper in this study showed a better specific surface area and adsorption capacity for methylene blue dye adsorption in compared with other grades. Thus, the production of activated carbon from used newspaper should be considered as a cheaper and more effective alternative.

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Objective: In order to overcome the limitation of systemic administration of methylene blue, this study investigated the encapsulation of methylene blue in polymeric liposomes and drug release following sonication. Methods: We encapsulated methylene blue into nanoliposomes. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) method was used to measure the size distribution of the liposomes. After loading methylene blue into these liposomes, both drug encapsulation efficiency and stability were fluorometrically determined. Biodistribution of drug was studied in vivo in a mouse model of adenocarcinoma tumor cells. The amount of drug released upon 1 MHz sonication at an intensity of 2 W/cm² was fluorometrically verified in vitro.  Results: DLS studies showed that the synthesized liposomes had an average size of 66.19±4.49 nm. Methylene blue was efficiently encapsulated in nanoparticles at an average of 65.21±3.47%. Stability of the generated liposomes decreased with time. Biodistribution study revealed that the drug content in the group that received liposomal drugs in their tumor tissue was significantly higher than in the group that received methylene blue in its free form and in the heart was inverse (PConclusion: This study has shown that fabricated liposomes are suitable for the encapsulation and delivery of hydrophilic photosensitizers such as methylene blue. Ultrasound-triggered release was achieved by the use of a 1 MHz ultrasound.

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In this study, graphene oxide nanosheets have been used for the adsorption of methylene blue, a cationic dye from aqueous solution. The physical characteristics of graphene oxide nanosheets studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The adsorption of the methylene blue onto the graphene oxide nanosheets has been carried out at different experimental condition such as contact time (1- 4 hours), adsorbent dosage (0.05 - 0.7 g/l), pH of solution (3 - 9) and initial concentration of dye (50 – 400 mg/l). The results show that the maximum adsorption (910 mg/g) under these conditions; adsorbent dosage of 0.05 g/l, initial concentration of 50 mg/l, two hours contact time and pH=6. The kinetic of adsorption data analyzed using three kinetic models such as elovich model, pseudo first-order model and pseudo second order model. Kinetic study indicated that the maximum adsorption was reached at two hours and follows the linear form of pseudo second-order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm has been investigated in the pH range of 3 to 9, initial concentration of 50 to 400 mg/l and the adsorbent dosage of 0.05 to 0.7 g/l in 25 °C. The equilibrium data fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model well. Thus, graphene oxide nanosheets can be known as a good adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic pollutants. In this study, graphene oxide nanosheets have been used for the adsorption of methylene blue, a cationic dye from aqueous solution. The physical characteristics of graphene oxide nanosheets studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The adsorption of the methylene blue onto the graphene oxide nanosheets has been carried out at different experimental condition such as contact time (1- 4 hours), adsorbent dosage (0.05 - 0.7 g/l), pH of solution (3 - 9) and initial concentration of dye (50 – 400 mg/l). The results show that the maximum adsorption (910 mg/g) under these conditions; adsorbent dosage of 0.05 g/l, initial concentration of 50 mg/l, two hours contact time and pH=6. The kinetic of adsorption data analyzed using three kinetic models such as elovich model, pseudo first-order model and pseudo second order model. Kinetic study indicated that the maximum adsorption was reached at two hours and follows the linear form of pseudo second-order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm has been investigated in the pH range of 3 to 9, initial concentration of 50 to 400 mg/l and the adsorbent dosage of 0.05 to 0.7 g/l in 25 °C. The equilibrium data fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model well. Thus, graphene oxide nanosheets can be known as a good adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic pollutants. Thus, graphene oxide nanosheets can be known as a good adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic pollutants.