Showing 61 results for Anxiety
Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract
The present research aimed to investigate the effect of multilingualism on learning English as a third language, focusing on foreign language anxiety (FLA) and foreign language enjoyment (FLE). A sample of 353 Iranian bilingual and multilingual EFL learners participated in the study by completing self-report scales measuring FLA and FLE. As for the qualitative phase, a number of 15 EFL learners took part in semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that multilingual participants reported lower levels of FLA and higher levels of FLE than their bilingual counterparts. The results of the qualitative data also supported the findings of quantitative phase, suggesting that multilingualism can have a substantial impact on reducing FLA and enhancing FLE when learning a foreign language. The study highlights the potential benefits of multilingualism for language learners and might have significant implications for theory and practice.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract
This study employed a mixed-methods approach to examine the utilization of two emotion regulation strategies, namely cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, among a group of Iranian learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) at universities in Isfahan, Iran. The investigation was based on the Process Model of Emotion Regulation, a psychologically-validated theoretical model proposed by Gross (2015). The study also investigated the correlation between emotion regulation and levels of foreign language anxiety (FLA), and as an additional area of investigation, the impact of emotion regulation on the association between FLA and motivation for learning a second language. A total of 295 learners were questioned using a quantitative questionnaire. The qualitative research involved the selection of thirteen respondents from three levels (high, medium, low) of FLA. The primary component employed in this study was a stimulated recall interview. Data collection was undertaken online due to scheduling constraints. The findings indicated a low frequency of utilization for the two emotion regulation strategies, with cognitive reappraisal being more commonly employed compared to expressive suppression. Learners with low English proficiency exhibited a lower prevalence and preference for cognitive reappraisal. There was a stronger positive correlation observed between expressive suppression and FLA. The study found a negative correlation between cognitive reappraisal and FLA. It provides evidence that understanding the inner workings of learners’ emotion regulation may inform pedagogical practices.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract
In this study, Virtual Reality (VR) was employed in an English course intended to promote oral presentation skills in Iranian academia, and the possible impact of the course on learners’ self-efficacy regarding presenting, Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA), and speaking skills was investigated. Eight participants attended a 6-session course, and practiced academic oral presentation in a virtually simulated environment. Prior to the course, semi-structured interviews were administered; in addition, participants’ weekly reflection notes and self-assessments were gathered throughout the course. Moreover, post-course semi-structured interviews and written follow-up interviews were conducted afterward. The findings revealed that the learners reported higher levels of self-efficacy regarding presenting after the course, due to a perceived improvement in their presenting style, as well as their presentation content and slides. Additionally, the course had contributed to lowering the learners’ FLA due to presence in the Immersive Learning Environment (ILE), ample practice opportunities, and collaborative avatar interactions. Moreover, the learners mentioned that the course had helped them to improve their speaking skills due to academic vocabulary expansion, pronunciation enhancement, fluency upgrade, and grammatical adjustment. The findings can provide insights for language educators with regard to the use of virtual reality for simultaneously fostering language and academic skills, as well as facilitating internationalization in higher education.
Volume 1, Issue 2 (6-2016)
Abstract
Background: Chronic pain depends on many physical and psychological factors. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety and chronic pain in adult referring to health centers in Yazd, Iran.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive study conducted on 397 adults aged between 31 and 87years. The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to measure depression, anxiety and stress. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to measure pain severity. Six psychologists were employed to collect data. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.
Results: Totally 397 individuals with mean age of 61.52 ± 11.52completed the study. The results showed 74% of participants (N = 295) were suffering from chronic pain. The majority of participants (N = 164, 41.3%) complained from knee pain. This study showed 68.8% of studied adult (N = 277) suffered from mild to severe anxiety. There were positive significant relationship between chronic pain and anxiety.
Conclusion: This study concluded that chronic pain may cause psychological disorders as anxiety. This study recommended that individuals suffering from chronic pain should be assessed in terms of psychological problems.
Volume 2, Issue 3 (9-2014)
Abstract
Aim: Anxiety is a bad and frustrating feeling that causes disturbance in professional, social and educational performance of students, especially those who are living in dormitories. Yoga as an anti-anxiety activity has been practiced in anxiety reduction. To assess the efficacy of yoga in reducing anxiety in students, who live in dormitory.
Methods: Totally, 120 students who lived in dormitory were selected. Students were randomly assigned to two groups and students in case group received ten 60- min yoga sessions. In this descriptive-analytic study, Ketel anxiety questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed via X2, Fisher, and Variance analysis using spss.16. Findings: According to the results of this study, yoga had significant effect on reducing students’ anxiety. Before intervention, there was no significant difference between students' anxiety level in control and experimental groups (p-value: 0.139). However, after intervention, there was a significant difference between students' anxiety level in control and experimental groups (p-value <0.01).
Conclusion: Considering the significant efficiency of yoga in reducing students' anxiety, representatives and those who are responsible should pay attention to yoga more than before.
Mostafa Gorji,
Volume 2, Issue 6 (7-2009)
Abstract
An important fact in the field of genre changes is that domination of one discourse and cultural current in a specific epoch has an undeniable effect on the appearance of a new genre. If some of literary criticizers have proposed the theory of literary genres basen on Darwin's theory and the natures of beings, we can interpret the theory of changes of literary genres based on Paul Tillich's views considering human's anxieties in the three domains of existence anxiety (death), moral and ethical anxiety (sin) and spiritual anxiety (absurdity and meaninglessness).In this paper, I will describe Paul Tillich's view in this domain and considering the domination of a thought discourse and the appearance of a specific mental type (anxiety) in a specific epoch,will try to analyze the appearance of a literary genre homogenous with that.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (12-2013)
Abstract
Volume 4, Issue 3 (8-2016)
Abstract
Aim: Psychosocial problems override in patients with type 2 diabetes than healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression, stress and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes as well as their association with demographic factors.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 201 patients with type 2 diabetes were incorporated using convenience sampling method from the Tehran-based Dornian Care Clinic. The instrument consisted of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS). The collected data were analyzed in the SPSS software (ver. 16) at the significance level of 0.05.
Findings: In this study, there were 25% male and 75% female participants, with a mean age of 47 years. In terms of education level, they had high school diploma. The prevalence rate of depression, stress and anxiety was 83.1%, 78.1% and 96%, respectively. There was no significant association between stress and age. Depression, anxiety and stress correlated significantly with education level. There was also a significant relationship between anxiety and diabetes complications. Nevertheless, there were no significant relationships between anxiety, stress and depression and the demographic factors of age, duration of diabetes and marital status.
Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of depression, stress and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes, it seems necessary to administer a screening program for mental disorders. Provision of psychiatric consultation also appears beneficial.
Mohammad Reza Salehi Mazandarani, Nasrin Gobanchi,
Volume 4, Issue 16 (12-2011)
Abstract
This paper deals with the role of the Theatre of the Absurd in the evolution of the history of Iranian dramatic literature. In the modern art everyone in a way is involved in the question of modern technology. Mechanization has made its way into everyday life and has affected all its aspects.This effect is so immense that everyone is in way occupied with the same subject. One of the concepts evident in the works of European authors and playwrights is absurdity and inefficiency of the modern time and the people. This article investigates how the concept of the absurd is reflected in the plays of Gholam HosseinSaedi. It has been tried to present an analysis of how Theater of the Absurd and its pioneershave influenced Saedi’s plays.
Volume 6, Issue 4 (10-2015)
Abstract
Anxiety in foreign language class is one of the variables which has main effect in language learning. Therefore researchers in language teaching are always interested in this factor. This study investigates the relation between achievement motivation, emotional intelligence and foreign language classroom anxiety, in French students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and relation of age and gender with these variables. For this purpose, Baron Emotional intelligence questionnaire, Hermans achievement motivation test, foreign language classroom anxiety test and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety scale were presented to 87 French students. To analyze research data, T test and Pearson correlation test were used. The results indicate that there is a negative significant correlation between foreign language classroom anxiety and achievement motivation (p= -0/001) in parallel with foreign language classroom anxiety and emotional intelligence (p= -0/007). As a result, it can be claimed that higher emotional intelligence and achievement motivation follow language classroom anxiety decrease.
Volume 7, Issue 2 (4-2022)
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prediction of pain anxiety symptoms based on pain perception with the mediating role of mental pain in in patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders.
Method and Materials: This research is a cross-sectional study in which descriptive– correlational method was applied. The study population was all musculoskeletal patients in Tehran, Iran in 2021. In present study, 300 musculoskeletal patients were selected via candidate sampling method. They completed the Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale (2018), Melzack McGill Pain Questionnaire (1975) and Paknejad et al. Pain Anxiety Symptoms (2014). Pearson correlation & bootstrap test were used to analyze data through SPSS-22.
Findings: There was significant negative relationship between pain perception and mental pain and conversely and significant direct positive relationship between pain perception and pain anxiety symptoms (P0.01>). Moreover, itwas shown the mediating role of mental pain in the relationship between pain perception and pain anxiety symptoms in patients with musculoskeletal pain.
Conclusion: To conclude, based on the results, it could be argued that pain is affected by mental components and if the psychological reasons are relieved, the pain will be perceived
less severe.
Volume 7, Issue 3 (7-2019)
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the implementation of mindfulness training on depression, anxiety, and stress in high school students in Ahvaz in the academic year of 2017-2018.
Materials & Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test post-test design with control group. The statistical population included all of high school female students in the academic year of 2017-2018. The sample size consisted of 40 students, who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and randomly divided into experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. For the experimental group, 8 sessions (each session 90 minutes) of the mindfulness program were performed, but no experimental test was performed for the control group and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) was used for collecting data. To test the hypotheses, covariance analysis and multivariate analysis of variance was performed, using SPSS 21 software. In addition, Levin test was used to test the equivalency of variances. After completion of educational programs, post-test was performed on both groups.
Findings: The results of data analysis indicated that the effect of mindfulness training on decreasing depression, anxiety, and stress has been shown and there was a significant relationship between mindfulness education and anxiety reduction, depression, and stress (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is worthwhile for educators to teach students how to train their mind-learning skills to be able to manage their self-control coping processes and reduce the amount of anxiety disorder in psychological conditions.
Volume 7, Issue 3 (7-2019)
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the examination of relaxation training based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model in anxiety reduction on nursing staffs.
Materials and Methods: Intervention studies were examined in Alzahra hospital on 64 members of the nursing staffs based on Spielberger anxiety questioner with higher anxiety score in 2016. We used Spielberger (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) questionnaire for the measurement of the anxiety and for assaying predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors, a questionnaire designed based on the PRECEDE- PROCEED model. Participants were divided randomly into 2 intervention and control groups. The educational training was carried out in 4 sessions for 45-60 minute in the intervention group. Questionnaire completion was done before, immediately and 4 months after the training. Data were analyzed in SPSS 22 (p˂0.05).
Findings: The results of this study showed that the mean of anxiety score before of training in two groups did not significantly (p=0.12), but after of training, the anxiety score was decreased significantly in the intervention group (p˂0.01). Also, after training, the amount of predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors increased significantly in the intervention group in comparison to control group (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Findings of this research confirm the effect of health education based on PRECEDE-PROCEED on taking health behaviors and promote people health. Intervention based on this model improved the quality of life in the nursing staff in our study.
Volume 7, Issue 3 (7-2022)
Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prediction of pain catastrophizing based on pain anxiety symptoms and cognitive flexibility in cancer patients
Method and Materials: In this cross-sectional study all cancer patients in Tehran in 2021-22 were the target population. Among this population 250 cancer patients were selected via candidate and at reach sampling method. Then the selected patients completed the Paknejadet al.`s Pain Anxiety Symptoms (2014), Sullivan et al. `s Pain Catastrophizing Pain (1995),and Dennis et al.`s (2010) Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire. For data analysis, Pearson correlation and step by step regression analysis were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS-24.
Findings: There was a relationship between cognitive flexibility and pain anxiety symptoms with pain catastrophizing (P0.01>). The relationship between pain catastrophizing with pain anxiety symptoms was positive. However, there was a negative relationship between pain catastrophizing and cognitive flexibility. Moreover, catastrophizing pain could be predicted based on anxiety symptoms and cognitive flexibility.
Conclusion: To conclude, it seems in cancer patients some cognitive factors have important roles in pain catastrophizing as pain anxiety symptoms and cognitive flexibility.
Volume 7, Issue 4 (4-2019)
Abstract
Aims: Test anxiety is a significant and scary distressing feeling that appears before, during, or even after the exam.
The current study aimed to predict test anxiety in high school female students based on their spiritual well-being and mindfulness.
Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional study, the statistical population included all 4
th grade of girl high school students in Tehran (140,000 students). The sample concluded 312 female students of 4
th grade high schools in Tehran selected by multistage cluster sampling. The test anxiety scale developed (2004), Langer's Mindfulness scale (2004), and Well-Being scale (Paloutzian and Ellison; 1982) were completed by participants. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation test, Enter multiple and stepwise regression.
Findings: Pearson correlation showed a significant and negative relationship between test anxiety and spiritual well-being variables (r=-0.28
; p=0.05) and also the negative relationship with mindfulness (r=-0.44; p=0.05). Regarding the results, students' test anxiety was predictable based on their spiritual well-being and mindfulness and both variables can predict 9% of the variances of changes in the test anxiety (R
2=0.09).
Conclusion: According to the results, the higher level of spiritual well-being and mindfulness, the lower level of test anxiety will be observed in students. So, it is expected that by focusing on specific techniques of mindfulness and performing activities that have a positive impact on students' spiritual well-being can reduce the level of student anxiety and, consequently, improve their academic performance.
Volume 9, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Aims: Cardiac scan is one of the most accurate cardiovascular tests performed to diagnose coronary artery disease. This study aimed to investigate reducing the anxiety of cardiovascular patients as a result of written-visual training.
Materials & Methods: The method of this study was quasi-experimental and was performed on 100 cardiovascular patients (50 in the control group and 50 in audio-visual training) referred to the nuclear medicine department of Shahid Rajaei Cardiovascular Hospital in Tehran. Before and after training, participants completed the standard Spielberger Anxiety Inventory (1970). To test the hypotheses, one-way covariance was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22.
Findings: The study indicated that the mean of anxiety decreased in the experimental group, but the differences between the experimental and control groups were not significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Training patients before performing a myocardial perfusion scan has a significant effect on reducing patients' anxiety and leads to better results and less time wasted.
Volume 9, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Aims: Dentists are at high risk of occupational exposure to aerosols, droplets, and droplet/aerosol particles emitted from patients' mouths during treatment. Therefore, it is natural for dentists to experience a level of fear in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between fear induced by the COVID-19 epidemic and stress and anxiety scores among dental students.
Instrument & Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2020 among the dental students in Ahvaz, Iran. The standard questionnaire DASS-21 and fear of COVID-19 were used for assessment. The questionnaire was designed on the website https://survey.porsline.ir. A convenience sample of 229 dental students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences completed the questionnaire. ANCOVA analysis was used to compare the mean scores of four components in different groups, and MANCOVA analysis was used to measure the effect of fear induced by COVID-19 on stress, anxiety, and depression scores, simultaneously.
Findings: More than 70% of students were normal in stress, anxiety, and depression. Mental health disorders, social support, and media pressure caused by COVID-19 had a significant relationship with the level of depression and stress scores (p<0.05). Likewise, multivariate analysis showed that the level of fear caused by COVID-19 triggered a significant effect on the score of anxiety, depression, and stress (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The analysis showed that the scores of anxiety, depression, stress, and some other characteristics, including the COVID-19 induced media pressure, are directly associated with the degree of fear of COVID-19. Since fear of disease causes a psychological reaction and threatens mental health, and might make coping with the disease more difficult, promising fear-reduction strategies are recommended during the COVID-19 pandemic mental health for dental students.
Volume 9, Issue 1 (5-2021)
Abstract
Hedayat and Kafka Man is the only being who thinks about his being. This principle is the basis of a kind of philosophical worldview known as existentialism or existentialism. In this view, man has limited existential possibilities to get rid of internal contradictions and contradictions and escape from meaningful existence. Therefore, in the face of existence, man experiences the feeling of non-suspension, suspension, and suffering, and existential apprehensions. In explaining this feeling, some existential thinkers such as Kafka, by choosing the language of narration and the symbolic structure of fiction to the dry and specialized issues of existentialism, gave an artistic character, and some contemporary Iranian writers chose this method and attitude. Since the views in this field emphasize the influence of Hedayat from Kafka, the purpose of this article is to compare and contrast one of the manifestations of this philosophical worldview in the most prominent literary works of these two authors. To this end, the components of existential "apprehension" in the four stories of Kafka and Hedayat were examined and it was determined that semantics, identity loss, loneliness, suspense, doubt, fear, and eternal condemnation, mental and objective actions of the characters of each story. They have formed two writers. In addition to the influence of guidance and the commonality of the two authors in the principle of "apprehension", the stories of guidance are mostly related to the apprehensions of epistemology and psychology. But Kafkachr's novels show deep religious apprehension.
Volume 9, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Aims: Hospitalization in the cardiac care unit often imposes many physical and psychological tensions on the family. This study aimed to determine the effect of information support on depression of family caregivers of patients admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit.
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on family caregivers of patients admitted to the cardiac care unit of Sevom Shaban Hospital of Damavand city, Iran, 2020. Participants included 60 family caregivers who were assigned to intervention and control groups. Family caregivers in the intervention group received information support through a training booklet, and the control group received the same routine information. Data collections were conducted by a demographic data sheet and anxiety and depression questionnaire (HADS). The data were then analyzed using SPSS 18 software.
Findings: The two family groups (intervention and control) showed different levels of depression after the information support intervention (p=0.02). Wilcoxon's signed-rank test showed that the mean depression of family caregivers after the intervention was 4.63±2.67 compared to the mean depression of 6.50±3.01 in the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: During the patient's stay in the cardiac care unit, nurses can alleviate family depression by providing information support.
Volume 9, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Aims: During the outbreak of COVID-19, the Militaries are still fighting against the virus alongside health care workers, so knowing the mental status of the military leads to identify their real needs and increase the performance of militaries. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare COVID-19 anxiety, health anxiety, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies between militaries and civilians during the outbreak of COVID-19.
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted on military and civilian men living in Malayer, Hamedan, on September 1-6, 2020, coinciding with the prevalence of COVID-19. The researcher-made demographic information questionnaire, COVID-19 anxiety, health anxiety questionnaires, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies were completed by 204 people (102 militaries, 102 civilians). In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, the convenience sampling method and internet implementation were used. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and chi-square using SPSS 24 software.
Findings: The results showed that civilians had a longer history of infection to Covid-19 and history of Covid-19 in their relatives than militaries and there was no significant difference between militaries and civilians in terms of having suspicious symptoms and history of close contact with individuals with Covid-19 disease (p>0.05). Also, there was a significant and strong relationship between the job and COVID-19 anxiety (χ2=90.7; p=0.0001) and type of job and health anxiety (χ2=79.4; p=0.0001), and the militaries in term of COVID-19 and health anxiety were in a more inappropriate state. About half of the militaries (41.2%) had severe COVID-19 anxiety, and one-third of them (31.4%) had severe health anxiety. The militaries had a lower average than civilians in all aspects of adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The level of health anxiety and anxiety of COVID-19 in the militaries is higher than in the normal population.
