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One of the major phenomena threatening organizations is the mental and emotional shocks that are created in organizations and lead to devastating consequences. The main objective of this study is to investigate the role of organizational mindfulness on organizational trauma with a focus on mediating role of political intelligence among managers. This study is an applied research in terms of its objectives, and a descriptive-survey study in terms of data collection. The research population consisted of 240 employees working in central department of the Social Security Organization of Fars province, of whom 147 employees were selected through simple random sampling using the Cochran formula. The data were collected using organizational mindfulness questionnaire (Pahlavan-sadegh&Abdollahi, 2016), organizational trauma scale (Vivian&Horman, 2015), and political intelligence inventory (Freis et al., 2005). Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through content validity method and its reliability was checked and confirmed through Cronbach's alpha. Structural equation modeling method in AMOS 23 was used for data analysis. The results of the study showed that organizational mindfulness and political intelligence have a negative and significant effect on organizational trauma. It was also found that organizational mindfulness can have a significant effect on reducing organizational trauma through managers’ political intelligence.

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Traumatic Brian Injury (TBI) is one of the types of the acquired brain injury. Individuals with (TBI) are often impaired in social communication skills. Impairment in paralinguistic behaviors is one of the manifestations of failure in the social communication which adversely impacts on relationship among persons with TBI to others. Regarding the importance of paralinguistic behaviors and lack of the research in this regard in Iranian patients with TBI, the aim of this cross-sectional research was to compare these behaviors in spontaneous interaction with 4 men adults with severe TBI and 4 healthy adult men. The research questions were: How are the patients and healthy groups᾽ performances in total of paralinguistic behaviors? How are the patients and healthy groups᾽ performances in each of paralinguistic behaviors; that is, intelligibility, pitch, prosody, vocal intense, and speech fluency? The research hypotheses were: There is a significant difference between two groups in total of paralinguistic behaviors. There is a significant difference between two groups in intelligibility, pitch, prosody, vocal intense, and speech fluency. The TBI patients and healthy groups were matched on age and education years. Data analysis using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test indicated that there was a significant difference between the patient and healthy groups in total of the paralinguistic behaviors regardless of the type of behavior (p < 0.05). Considering each of paralinguistic behaviors, there was a significant difference between two groups in voice intensity, pitch, and prosody (p < 0.05), and there was not a significant difference between two groups on intelligibility and speech fluency (p > 0.05). However, in these two paralinguistic behaviors, mean scores' patients was lower than mean scores᾽ healthy individuals. The overall conclusion was that paralinguistic behaviors were impaired in individuals with severe TBI. Therefore, it is necessary to be noticed to paralinguistic aspect of communication in TBI people alongside the other behavioral, emotional, and linguistic aspects. Accordingly, it should be pathologized these behaviors in them and then, be rehabilitated.

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Aims: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a psychological disorder affecting a person directly or indirectly that may appear as a threat to physical security, death or death threat, natural disasters, war, etc. The purpose of this study was to assess post-traumatic stress disorder in Iranian healthcare workers dealing with COVID-19.
Instrument & Methods: The present study was conducted cross-sectional and online, from 5 May to 23 August 2020, on 418 Iranian healthcare workers, including (physicians, nurse & laboratory technicians, health workers, administrative staff, and radiologists). Data were collected using an electronic questionnaire through the Porsline site by convenience sampling method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA in SPSS 16 software.
Findings: Most participants in the study (40.4%) were in the age group of 30 to 39 years. Out of 286 individuals who had reported post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, the majority were women (73.1%) and married (71.3%). Among the healthcare workers with post-traumatic stress disorder, 16% had mild, 14.8% had moderate, 37.6% had severe symptoms, and 31.6% were asymptomatic. Post-traumatic stress disorder had a statistically significant relationship to gender, type of employment, smoking, a history of specific diseases, the probability of coronavirus exposure, and a history of contact with a COVID-19 patient (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Two-thirds of healthcare workers had some degree of post-traumatic stress disorder. Due to the professional and vital importance and role of this group in health systems and communities, providing appropriate psychological solutions and techniques and tailored interventions to promote the physical and mental health of healthcare workers must be considered in priority.

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Aims: Research capacity building and self-efficacy are essential skills for medical students that greatly help them to participate in research. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between academic stress and research self-efficacy in medical students through the mediating role of research spirit.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-correlational study used path analysis to examine the relationships between the variables. The statistical population was all postgraduate medical students in Ilam in the academic year 2022-2023, of whom 301 students were selected using convenience sampling. They completed the Research Self-Efficacy Scale, the Academic Stress Scale, and the Research Spirit Questionnaire. Evaluation of the proposed model was done using path analysis.
Findings: There was a negative correlation between academic stress and research spirit (p<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between research spirit and research self-efficacy (p<0.001), whereas there was no significant correlation between the direct path of academic stress to research self-efficacy. Also, there was a significant correlation between the indirect path connecting academic stress and research self-efficacy through research spirit (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Based on the results, the proposed model shows a good fit and is a major step toward identifying factors influencing research self-efficacy among medical students.
 

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Aims: The traumatic experiences the elderly faced during the COVID-19 outbreak were tremendous, which led to the majority of the elderly developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. The vagal nerve plays a major role in stress regulation. One effective method for controlling the activity of the autonomic nervous system is vagal nerve stimulation. Surgical implantable vagal nerve stimulators are expensive and their discomfort limits their use. Non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation is found to be effective. The purpose of the study was to find the effect of transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation on treating post-traumatic stress disorder among post-COVID-19 geriatric survivors.
Materials & Methods: The study was conducted with 24 geriatric participants, who were diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. Participants were randomly allocated into the taVNS group and the JPMRT group during a four-week period (one month); the taVNS group received transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation, and the JPMRT group received the Jacobson progressive muscle relaxation technique. Each week, four sessions were held, and each session lasted 30 minutes. Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used as an outcome measure.
Findings: When compared to the JPMRT group, the taVNS group demonstrated a significant difference in reducing post-traumatic stress. Post-test values of the taVNS group in IES-R had a significant difference (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation is more effective than Jacobson’s progressive muscle relaxation technique in reducing post-traumatic stress disorder among elderly survivors of COVID-19.
 

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In this article, we have covered the evolutionary and comparative study of the ancient model of creation of primary mankind based on the post-Yong critical approach. In this evolutionary study, in a bid to present a theoretical framework for the analysis of creation of primary man; four turning points have been rendered for displaying the structure of this model in the collective memory of mankind:
1-Primary man’s faith in God within the model of creation
2, 3- Creation of the first couple and the two destructive and constructive roles of ancient model
4- Growth of self-awareness and transition from the preexistent sense of collective unconsciousness to self-awareness as the result of maturity and projection of suppressions and failures as a result of hurdles, which has turned this phase into a bitter collective experience.
The detrimental impacts of this collective experience have been symbolized in the sense of collective guilt and nostalgia of heavens.
The literary manifestations of the turning points of this model have been reflected by the four poetical symbols of love, seducing lover, inspiring lover, and hero.

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In the current research, the issue of trauma in the novel Ulysses of Baghdad written by Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt and the Nocturnal harmony of the wood orchestra written by Reza Ghasemi have been investigated. In both novels, we see the migration of the main character of the story. The main character of the novel Ulysses from Baghdad (Saad) decides to migrate in order to escape from the civil war, and in the novel of the Nocturnal harmony, which depicts a surreal narrative of migration (Yadullah), we are looking for the reason for migration and the damages caused by it. Trauma or psychosis following a psychological injury that usually occurs to a person in childhood can have irreparable consequences that are very difficult and even impossible to treat. Migration, especially if it is unwanted, can cause a traumatic injury that sometimes causes multiple tears, feelings of depression, emptiness, loneliness and disorder. A person who experiences migration faces a new world in which many principles and boundaries will change. This comparative comparison shows that either voluntary or forced migration can have traumatic consequences and transform a person's identity. Also, a narrative of migration, whether real or surreal, leads to confusion in the writing and structure of the story, which themselves indicate a traumatic narrative.
 

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long been known as one of the most unspecified reasons for death around the world. This phenomenon has been under study for many years and yet questions remain due to its physiological, geometrical and computational complexity. Because of the limitations in experimental study on human head, the finite element human head model with precise geometric characteristics and mechanical properties is essential. In this study, the visco-hyperelastic parameters of bovine brain are extracted from experimental data and finite element simulations which are validated by experimental results. Then a 3D human head including brain, skull, and the meninges is modeled using CT-scan and MRI data of a 30-years old human. This model is named “Sharif University of Technology Head Trauma Model (SUTHTM)”. After validating SUTHTM, the model is then used to study the effect of G acceleration. Damage threshold based on consciousness in terms of acceleration and time duration is developed using HIC and Maximum Brain Pressure criteria. Results revealed that Max. Brain Pressure ≥ 3.1 KPa and HIC ≥ 30 are representative of loss of consciousness. Also, 3D domains for the loss of consciousness based on Max. Brain Pressure and HIC criteria are developed.

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 This is a comparative study of Jean-Paul Sartre’s Nausea and Iris Murdoch’s Under the Net. The main focus is on the role of trauma in the creation of unreliable narrators. Both Sartre and Murdoch have witnessed the horrors of World War II and it seems that their narratives are affected by such a terrible event. The characters look traumatized and suffer from the burden of the past which has never left them alone. In other words, past events have formed their identity and have rewritten their personality under the situation of World War II. Here, with the help of Wayne C. Booth’s theory of unreliable narrator, the narrators of the selected novels are scrutinized at the social and political contexts of the novels. Accordingly, considering this context and its consequent trauma, the research tries to reveal the presence and function of the unreliable narrators in the selected literary works. 

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The present research intends to find the role of spiritual attitudes and thinking styles in anticipating post-traumatic growth in disabled veterans. The applied research method is descriptive-correlational. Study samples include 362 disabled veterans of Iraq-Iran war (267 with 25-49% disability and 95 veterans with 50-70% disability) selected from various cities of Tehran province using stratified random sampling and evaluated using Jaeger et al spiritual attitude inventory (2012), Tedeschi and Calhoun’s post-traumatic growth inventory (2011), as well as the Sternberg-Wagner thinking styles inventory (1979). The results correlation analyses and multivariate regression (simultaneous regression) show a significant relation between spiritual attitudes and legislative thinking styles and post-traumatic growth in veterans; and spiritual attitudes (Beta=0.711) and legislative thinking styles (Beta=0.559) can significantly anticipate the post-traumatic growth (p< 0.01). Moreover, spiritual attitudes and thinking styles can explain 65% of changes in post-traumatic growth. Study results support that spirituality and spiritual attitudes as well as thinking style play a significant role in post-traumatic growth in disabled veterans. Therefore, it seems necessary to develop some educational or consultative plans for disabled veterans based on these findings.

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a devastating mental health condition that can arise following exposure to traumatic events. This study aims to investigate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the sense of coherence, social support, and spiritual well-being among students diagnosed with PTSD. The research employed a semi-experimental, pre-, post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included students diagnosed with PTSD at the University of Tehran during the 2023-2024 academic year. A total of 36 students with PTSD were selected using purposive sampling and were divided into experimental (n=18) and control (n=18) groups. The experimental group attended eight 90-minute CBT sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Data collection involved administering the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale (Keane et al., 1998), the Sense of Coherence Scale (Antonovsky, 1993), the Social Support Questionnaire (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991), and the Spiritual WellBeing Scale (Paloutzian & Ellison, 2012). The data were analyzed using multivariate covariance (MANCOVA) analysis in SPSS-24. The results indicated that CBT significantly increased the sense of coherence (F=40.69, p=0.001, η²=0.58), social support (F=60.50, p=0.001, η²=0.67), religious well-being (F=52.16, p=0.001, η²=0.64), and existential well-being (F=54.50, p=0.001, η²=0.65) in students with PTSD. These results support the incorporation of CBT into therapeutic programs for students with PTSD to foster resilience and holistic well-being. Future research could explore the long-term effects of CBT and its impact on other psychological and behavioral outcomes in diverse student populations.