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  The title of the story is the threshold to the mysterious world of the text. Thus it must be selected artistically to show the quality of the text, despite its quantity and restrictions. Sometimes, the title sheds light on the world of the text and lights the text`s whole material, but sometimes, it hides the text and the reader does not resieve any sign of it. It makes a tension in the mind of the reader to draw him/her to the text, and makes him/her to arrange his/her disturbed mind by reading the text and finding the meaning of it. This research is aims to investing ate the most important textual and extra textual factors, which are efficient in choosing the title of Sadeq Hedayat and Zakaria Tamer`s works, and study the structure and context of the titles and their relation with intra-textual and extra-textual factors that are used to hide the meaning of the text. have several res sons. Attracting the reader and closed political conditions (extra-textual factors) are the main reasons. These titles show the familiarity of the two writers with rhetorical devices. Also they are the reflection of the difficulties and hard conditions of the people`s life and the writer`s current cultures.

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Historical texts’ influencing and being influenced by one another have provided special conditions for participation and dialogue among them throughout history, so their title have been also efficient . The titles of historical texts are influential in the creation of their subsequent historical texts’ titles. Therefore, these titles have been in a particular intertextual relationship during their lives.  This research has analyzed the titles of historical texts from the early Islamic period to end of Afsharid period according to Genette theory. The present study seeks to answer this question: what is the intertextual relationship among titles of historical prose books with each other and with text of these books. According to Genette’s theory, title is a paratext that is the entry threshold to text, i.e. in a position that is neither completely independent of the text nor entirely dependent on it. And this position distinguishes it from other parts of the text. Demonstrating Trans-textual relationship of titles of historical prose books in intertextual, arcitextual and Hypertextual types, and the intertextual relationship between titles of historical prose books and their texts and influencinge of titles from the style in which historical prose are written are the main achievements of this article.

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1. Introduction

Eye-tracking research on language, media and translation has gained ground over the last three decades. Due to their multi-semiotic nature, subtitles have been the subject of a number of eye-tracking studies. Many influential factors such as stylistic features, translation method, lexical frequency, etc. have been analyzed. However, there is still an exponential need for further research on this area, especially in the context of Persian language.

2. Research Objectives

This research aims to compare the attention given to function and content words in Persian subtitles by analyzing four eye-tracking data.

3. Research Questions

Is there any significant difference between attention allocation to function and content words in Persian subtitles in terms of four eye data (fixation duration, fixation number, first fixation duration and skipping)?

4. Research Hypothesis

H: Fixation duration, fixation number and first fixation duration are significantly larger for content words compared to function words, while the number of skipped function words is significantly higher compared to content words.

5. Method

Forty random participants (23 females and 17 males) participated in the study randomly. They had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. A written consent was obtained from the participants prior to the experiment. A scene of Elle was chosen as stimuli for the experiment. The subtitles were made by Subtitle Edit Software. SMI eye tracking device with a sampling rate of 60 Hz was used to collect the eye data after performing a three-point calibration. The areas of interest were determined and BeGaze software was used to extract the data. Finally, the eye data were examined in SPSS software.

6. Conclusion

The results of the test showed that there was a significant difference in attention allocation to lexical and functional words. The fixation duration, fixation number and first fixation duration were significantly larger for the content words compared to the function words, while the number of the skipped function words was significantly higher compared to the content words.
 

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.The title of each book is the first instrument for acquainting the reader with the content and author of the book .It is clear that there's a mutual relation between historical , social and political events of each era with literary events and it affects directly on poets' mind and language .In this study ,we present lots of contemporary poem books , and describe the important literary, historical ,social and political events of each era ,and find a relation between the poem book titles and dominant events regardless of the book content and show this mutual effect in the structure ,content and rhetoric .In general , in terms of structure , titles change from one word and noun group into several sentence and even alphabet letters .In terms of rhetoric , the literal and apathetic titles of the book change into creative ,poetic and empathetic titles .As a result , amphibology and abstraction are created .In terms of content ,the extremist patriotic and static titles change into social ,religious ,political and revolutionist idealism .Finally , lots of meaningless words are created .

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Since the 1970s, some countries have provided the deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) viewers with the accessibility service of subtitling for the d/Deaf and hard of hearing (SDH) to follow the law of equal rights. Screening of films with subtitles for DHH viewers in cinemas has been one of the media accessibility services in Iran. Due to the growing importance of media accessibility, audiovisual translation researchers have examined the effectiveness of conventional SDH procedures in recent years to bring this service closer to the needs and expectations of DHH. Following this approach, this study aims to analyze the textual procedures adopted in intralingual Persian SDH to see if they comply with the standards derived from other SDH studies. To this end, it firstly discusses the language skill of DHH to explain why textual procedures have been recurrent themes in SDH research, and then goes through the textual procedures suggested by SDH scholars as ways of facilitating reading process. Finally, it compares an intralingual Persian SDH with the original dialogue list in order to elicit the used textual procedures. The analysis indicates that the subtitle provider has completely edited and, as a result adapted the dialogue list in order to resolve any reading difficulty for the intended viewers. Reformulation and simplification rather than deletion have been the most recurrent textual procedures applied for editing out the dialogue list. In addition, the analysis reveals that non-metaphorical usage of language, explicitation, deletion of redundant spoken language phrases, definition of difficult words and expressions in parentheses, use of conventional thematic structures,
segmentation of long sentences, use of a proper name rather than a personal pronoun, and deletion of cohesive elements could be named as the applied textual procedures. Taking into account the results obtained from the previous SDH studies, this study concludes that the applied textual procedures mostly fail to comply with the fundamental principles of editing intralingual SDH and, as a result are unlikely to meet the preferences of the intended viewers.
 
 

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Research objective: Many organizations use idiosyncratic deals to achieve desirable behaviors and positive results. Such idiosyncratic deals lead to increased self-confidence, cooperation, and participation of the employees and the emergence of new creative ideas. The present study seeks to investigate the influence of idiosyncratic work deals on creative deviations whilst taking into account the mediating role of psychological entitlement and employee voice.
Methodology: The present study is applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive correlation study in terms of data collection. The statistical population comprises Mobin Net Communication Company employees. 272 questionnaires were handed out based on simple randomized sampling and collected data were analyzed using AMOS and SPSS software. The questionnaires used to evaluate research variables include Rosen et al.’s (2013) idiosyncratic deals questionnaire (2013), Morrison’s employee voice questionnaire (2011), Li et al.’s psychological entitlement questionnaire (2017), and Lin et al.’s creative deviation questionnaire (2016).
Research findings: Idiosyncratic deals have a significant and direct influence on employee creative deviation and have and a significant and indirect impact on employee creative deviation through the mediation of employee voice and psychological entitlement.
Research innovation: The results of the present study strengthen the conclusion of idiosyncratic deals contract in Iranian companies, and helps organization managers understand the influence of idiosyncratic deals on creative deviation so that they provide the grounds for creative deviation which is crucial for the development of modern corporations through the mediation of psychological entitlement and constructive voice.

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Cultural and linguistic differences in audio-visual texts has been always presenting a great deal of difficulties to translators in terms of word selection and transferring the cultural elements, and the issue of translatability or untranslatability of these elements challenges them. The purpose of this research is to explore how to transfer cultural elements in audio-visual texts in the form of subtitles, relying on the descriptive-analytical method. Therefore, far from the feasibility or impossibility of transferring cultural components to non-native audiences, we analyzed the movie "The Book of Law" based on the cultural morphology of Wojtasie Wicz, Then, relying on the seven techniques of Vinay and Darbelneh, we will examine and analyze the Arabic subtitles of the collection of oral statements of this film. And we are looking to show which group of cultural elements is more visible and which one of the tricks of these two theorists has the translator used more in the selection of words and the structural arrangement of phrases. The results show that linguistic terms and purely cultural references to literature, followed by names and terms related to lifestyle, have the highest frequency. And the descriptive and linguistic analyzes resulting from the translation of cultural oral statements in this corpus show that that the translator has mostly used the indirect translation and balance strategy (equalization) with a frequency of 14 and 40% and then the replication strategy (adaptation) with a frequency of 12 and 35%.