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Arbitrage is a known economic term, implying simultaneous transaction on commodities. For instance, a Generation Company (GenCo) may involve itself in selling fuel, emission allowance and etc., instead of generating either active or reactive power. Moreover, arbitrage between active and reactive powers can, in turn, be considered. In this paper, arbitrage between active and reactive power is considered from Independent System Operator (ISO) viewpoint. A pool model is employed. ISO runs an optimization problem, by which, it could determine and predict GenCos behaviours; in terms of participating in active and reactive power markets for the next twelve months. A normal distribution function is used for price forecasting. Two 3-bus and 14-bus test systems are used to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed algorithm.

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In this paper, power system restoration in the presence of SVC and TCSC in partial outage conditions is considered and a new method for maximum load restoration using different control variables is presented. Control variables are tap of transformers, generation rescheduling and operating points of FACTS devices. Objective function is restored load (to be maximized) and constraints are voltage magnitudes in buses, carrying load in lines and power generation limits in generators. Also SPA limits in voltage angles in both sides of circuit breakers before closing are considered. With respect to the number of control variables, optimization is done using Genetic Algorithm with IEEE-118bus network as the test system.

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It is shown in [1] that the optimal downlink radio resource allocation for non-realtime traffic in cellular CDMA/TDMA networks can be mapped to a Multi-dimensional Multiple-choice Knapsack Problem (MMKP) which is NP-hard. In this correspondence we propose a heuristic algorithm with polynomial time complexity for this problem. Numerical results indicate significant computational performance improvement in comparison to existing heuristic algorithms for MMKP.

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Increasing real time services in multimedia environments has initiated a new phenomenon in data communication. This paper analyzes delay in multimedia environments focusing on multi-point to point communication [1]. We separate the playtime delay in a point-to-point transmission and propose an optimization scenario for each part. It is proved that sum of the normalized path delay for point-to-point connections is invariant and based on this property, the playtime for delay-sensitive media has been minimized. We have shown that in transmission media, priority queuing is an effective solution where in the receiver side, waiting time for playtime scheduling and queuing discipline are two main factors. It is shown that there is a compromise between packet loss and packet departure time in the receiver side where the acceptable packet loss can adjust the playtime delay adaptively. Theoretical analysis for priority assignment, queuing technique and performance evaluation in different classes of queuing with different playtime scheduling are given.

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This paper proposes a new method of gain scheduling control design for a nonlinear system which is described as linear parameter varying form. A performance measure based on Linear Matrix Inequality is introduced. To consider stability and performance measures in design process, the H∞ loop-shaping method is used to design the local controllers, which can be described as state feedback observer based structure. By introducing the stability and performance covering condition for the linear parameter varying system, a new interpolation law is proposed, and it is proofed that the resultant controller can preserve the performance measure for the observer based structure for all values of the scheduling parameter. Also the closed loop stability is guaranteed. The method is successfully applied on the control of a well-known benchmark system, namely, the autopilot for a pitch-axis model of an air vehicle. The performance and effectiveness is evaluated against disturbances and parameter uncertainties using computer simulation.

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This paper presents a gain scheduled autopilot for pitch channel of a flying vehicle. The selected method is based on polynomial fuzzy systems. The method does not involve linearization about operating point. First the polynomial fuzzy model of pitch channel of the flight body is derived. Next, using polynomial fuzzy system methodology the controller is design such that the outputs of the nonlinear plant drive to follow those of a stable reference model. Because of avoiding actuator saturation, some constraints derived that guarantees the amplitude of control signals be less than a specific threshold. It is considered that the controller has a known structure like three-loop autopilot. In other words the three-loop fuzzy polynomial autopilot is design to satisfy stability and performance of the closed loop system over a wide range of parameter variation. Stability and performance conditions derived in terms of sum of square will solve numerically via SOSTOOLS.
 
 

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Finding similarities and differences in historical and literary writing may be defined in the interdisciplinary studies. In this research, the narrative aspects of killing places in Ashura were analyzed from viewpoint of Gerard Genette's narrative time. The object of study is Holy Ghasem. The research has descriptive- analytical method, and the following items are the considerable results of research: (1) in the field of phenomena order, non-accredited historical phenomena include the most part of Anachronies mentioned in semi-narrative killing places (historical- fictional).The most different type of anachrony is mentioned in Moharegh Algholoub which is non-diegetic traditionally remained in today eulogies; (2) in the field of phenomena duration, the most part of narrative decelerations is non-accredited historical phenomena which is the product of literary processing in word; another method of narration prorogation is the mixture of poetry and prose; then the description of details of some phenomena including accredited and non-accredited has reduced the acceleration of narration. The most dramatic scenes are mainly related to the fight scenes; (3) in the field of phenomena frequency, the most repetitive frequency is the integrated product of poetry and prose which is the repetition of prose in poetry.

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In this paper, we investigate a decision support system (DSS) for the resolution of real-life vehicle routing and scheduling problem (VRSP). Scheduling the deliveries from a regional distribution centre (RDC) to large stores of a major fmcg retailer includes every possible vehicle routing complexity. Usual constraints that are seen are: size of the vehicle and the length of the driving day, loading feasibility of products in different parts of the vehicle, and also with various time windows. More importantly, in this scheduling decision-making is customer oriented, in which, Customer's value for the company is considered as one of the most important factors. The algorithms for the resolution of the distribution problems constitute a very important part of DSS. Therefore, a simulated annealing based algorithm has been developed to speed up the process by circumventing the need for the skeletal schedule.

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Abstract—Base station assisted device-to-device communications(D2D) lets cellular users communicate directly.
As D2D connections can operate on a joint frequency band,interference management is essential to boost the spectral
eciency and users’ quality of service. Two dierent approaches are proposed to tackle the interference in D2D
networks. A power control scheme and a frequency-time scheduling are examined to achieve long-term fairness among D2D users. The power control maximizes weighted sum-rate of the users, where the weights indicate priorityof the users. The second proposed strategy is to avoid interference when it is high. In this algorithm, the spectrum band is divided among users as interference coupling rises.
A metric from the information theory literature has been adopted to measure the coupling. The proposed schemes
are tested through multiple time slots and the average rate of a user and network sum-rate have been observed.
The results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed power control scheme.

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In this article has been tried to find a new solution for fleet assignment to BRT network through scheduling assigned fleet to routes. Vehicle scheduling in each route is done with regard to passenger waiting time at stations and in consequence assigned vehicle dispatching model is related to the first station at each route. In designing the model, it has been tried to develop it in a way that it can be extended and be useful on a worldwide scale. The proposed model for Tehran BRT network has been developed by lingo software with data acquired from the Tehran municipality transportation department and the results analyzed. One of the important finding in this research is that a necessity of using buses with high capacity in BRT systems.

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Psychological capital is a new concept that has been discussed in the third millennium and entered in the field of management since 2006 Due to its unique role in organizational wealth-generation, it has become in the core attention of scholars and intellectuals research in the field of behavior, human resource management and human capital. So the main goal of this paper is designing a model to improve psychological capital in Iranianpublic organizations with identifying the role of human resource functions. This research has employed quantitative approach and followed correlation method. The populations for this study were employees of public organizations; the rational for selection of them was classification system in the governmental budget. Accordingly, they were classified into the three categories of general, social and economic. On the other hand, due to the wide dispersion and large organizations across the country, public organizations of Tehran province were chosen as key clusters. The research method is descriptive correlation study, and the data were collected using standard questionnaires. The data were analyzed by using structural equations and multiple regressions. The research findings showed that HR functions have significant positive relation with the psychological capital; however when organizational justice is placed as the intervening variable between them, the correlation coefficient is increased. The results also indicated that HRM functions have the greatest effect on Psycap by organizational justice. At last, fitness test of the model demonstrated that it is suitable for Iranian public organizations.  

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The goal of this research is providing optimization approach for bi-objective scheduling work shifts and job rotation problem in order to exploit efficient performance of employees. In this article scheduling work shifts and job rotation problems had been modeled in one mathematical model with two objective functions: minimizing labor cost and maximizing number of job rotation. Also human factors (fatigue, learning and forgetting) that have effect on workers performance were modeled. Presented model was mixed integer and nonlinear and genetic algorithm and ε-constraint technique have been used to solve it and gain Pareto sets. To illustrate efficiency of provided algorithm, its performance has been compared to results of LINGO. The results indicated that performance of genetic algorithm is better than that of LINGO in terms of computational time and objective value. To relate relationship between objectives, set of problems have been solved. Obtained Pareto indicated that there is a conflict between objectives. Hence with considering human factors that have effect on workforce’s performance it is needed to plan work shifts and job rotation simultaneously. Results indicated that the proposed optimization approach is capable to provide suitable alternatives while managers try to consider decreasing cost, increasing jobs variety and multi-skilled training.

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 Scheduling plays an important role in the development and success of the project; this has always been one of the main issues considered in operations and management science researches. Another reason for the focus of much research into it is the difficult nature of this problem. Therefore, special techniques and methods have been proposed to solve this problem. On the other hand, in order to intensify sanctions on foreign delaying projects, timely completion of projects has been accelerated. Therefore, attention to project robustness subject to project managements. In this article, a real issue is scheduled for a robust scheduling model of a refinery project. Since project scheduling has resource constraints such NP-Hard problems, simulated annealing algorithm was proposed to solve this problem. In order to validate the model, 4 problems with small size were chosen and the solutions obtained by the proposed algorithms were compared with the exact solution obtained by Lingo8 software. The results showed that the proposed algorithm is efficient and convergent to the optimal solution.

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This research aims to incorporate human factors engineering into the scheduling theory in order to exploit optimized human performance. Staff scheduling issue in which part-time employees have variable performance was studied in this paper. Objective function of the mathematical model is to minimize staffing costs and provided model tries to determine best shifts duration and employees assignments. The unique characteristic and novelty of this study is consideration of ergonomic aspect (fatigue rate of employees) in staff scheduling problem. We used genetic algorithm to solve model. In order to examine effectiveness and efficiency of the model, a set of problems were solved. Also efficiency of GA algorithm results were compared against LINGO results. Comparison of results demonstrated that GA algorithm has good ability to find satisfying solution in reasonable computational running time. This study showed that we can model human fatigue in employee scheduling and planning and consider flexible working shifts to decrease labor cost and increase production efficiency. In order to study policies of decreasing labor fatigue and increasing his/her working capacity, applying provided model were suggested for comparing cost of policies (such as education, job rotation, automation and …) against economic benefits of them in scheduling and choosing the best.

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The changes in Root Length Density (RLD) of rainfed fig trees due to supplemental irrigation were studied during two growing seasons in Estahban, southern Iran, with objective of finding out the optimum position, time, and amount of supplemental irrigation. Irrigation position treatments were: (1) In a micro-catchment close to tree trunks; (2) Inside the tree canopies (1-1.1 m from tree trunks); and (3) Outside the tree canopies (2.1-2.2 m from tree trunks). Irrigation time treatments included: (a) In early spring and (b) In mid-summer; and the treatments of irrigation amount were: (i) No supplemental irrigation (control), (ii) 1,000, and (iii) 2,000 L per tree. Results showed that the highest RLD in different irrigation amounts occurred at 15-45 cm depth during late winter and late spring. However, during summers, the high RLD occurred 15 cm lower at 30-60 cm depth. Irrigation water treatments of 1,000 and 2,000 L per tree increased RLD values by 11.3 and 19.3%, respectively, in late spring and 10.5% and 14.7%, respectively, in late summer, compared with the rainfed treatment. Whereas this increase generally occurred in the wetted area; supplemental irrigation out of tree canopy could develop the root horizontal extension to a greater distance. Lower temporal variation in RLD profile was obtained for depths deeper than 75 cm, which was in agreement with soil water content variations. Supplemental irrigation applied out of tree canopy with 2,000 L per tree (200 m³ ha^-1) during early spring is recommended to improve root development of fig trees in drought prone rainfed areas.