---

Examining folk culture and literature plays a major role in understanding a society. It can reveal some historical and social points and explain the philosophy of certain traditions and rituals. The engravings on objects, the writings at the entrance of buildings, and tombstones are considered as examples of folk literature whose study and analysis may shed some light on the literary and social issues. In the present study, the existing writings on different portable objects based on three available written sources have been scrutinized. Besides examining the rhyme and aesthetic features, the themes of the poems on the objects were classified into eleven categories including describing the object or its function, assigning ownership of the object to a specific person, citing the name of craftsman (maker) for the object, inviting people to happiness and joy, citing ethical themes, citing prayers, assigning a specific production location for the object, citing love relations and dialogues, conveying   eulogies, and citing chronograms. The significant point revealed in this study was the appropriateness of the poems or rhythmic language on the object with the object in use itself. This indicates the good taste and wit of the general public, the craftsmen, and audience for this genre of literature. At the same time, the researcher observed certain changes or distortions and rhyme imperfections.   

---

A poem’s rhythm is one of its key features, and a very important element in making language imaginary. The poet does not compose a poem according to a predefined framework; rather all the elements are created in conformity with content and substance. Inconsistency of rhythm and content could be suggestive of the poem’s artificiality. Children’s poetry, too, has a structure in which all the elements come together to form a true system, and it is only when all the elements of a poem correspond to form that this system functions successfully. In order to find the secret to the success of two famous poets in the genre of children’s poetry, namely, Mostafa Rahmandoost and Naser Keshavarz, a great number of their poems and the degree of harmony between rhythm and content in them were analyzed and compared with each other. It can be argued that with regards to the type of rhythm and the poem’s content, a considerable percentage of the poems had this concordance.

---

Mohammad Amir Mashhadi. PH.D
Mohsen Ainabadi
Abstract
Hussein Monzavi is one of Iran’s contemporary poets, who have left behind a number of works in verse within the framework of new and old poetic styles. His odes are among the best poems composed by this poet. This study considers the bond between the rhythm and content of his poems. In majority of his poems, he has made use of conventional themes which match the poetic rhythm. In other words, he has made use of cheerful rhythms for reflection of joy and fervor and has used mild rhythms for sad themes such as complaints and separations. Moreover, in an effort to attain goals, and to coordinate rhythm and content, he has used terms, syllables, metrical standstills, rhythmical choices, and appropriate rhymes and rows. Meanwhile, in a number of rare cases, he has chosen cheerful rhythms for sad themes, which have not been considered in this study.
 

---

In this study, design of a novel robust control method for three-link underactuated biped robot which can satisfy appropriate constrains on the robot and cause the stability and rhythmic movement of the robot, is presented. Due to the wide use of sensors and actuators in mechanisms and robots, and existence of noise and also uncertainty in the system components or other error stemming from unmolded dynamics in the system or unwanted disturbances acting on them, there is an essential need for employment of robust control methods. In order to apply locomotion’s constrains to the system, the feedback linearization method is used. Additionally this method is combined with the sliding mode method to obtain a robust control method. The other purpose of the study is the complete elimination of chattering phenomenon. To this end, the control method is combined with the backstepping method. Finally, the exponential stability of the method, which is called FLBS, is proved, and the stability of the obtained walking cycle is shown using the Poincare map. In the robot modeling procedure, the contact between the swing leg and the ground is considered to be rigid and instantaneous. The underactuated nature of the robot and the importance of the role of contact in stabilizing the robot movement are taken into account in this study. Finally, simulations based on this control method are performed which show the exponential stability of robot movement, elimination of chattering and robustness against either disturbances or uncertainties.

---

---

In epilepsy as a chronic neurological disease, there are significant alterations in the brain network which results in abnormal brain activity. Understanding the exact changes in brain rhythms may help the investigators to find the brain networks activity in health and disease more precisely. In this article, at first we reviewed the findings from recent animal and clinical studies showing that brain rhythms are affected in the epileptic brain. Then, some documents demonstrating the compensative effect of DBS on these oscillations will be discussed. In this article we reviewed the studies in field of epilepsy and brain rhythms. For this purpose we searched the duciments by scientific serach engeens including PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. The electrophysiological studies have indicated significant changes in delta (1–4 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (13–30 Hz), and gamma (30–80 Hz) oscilations in the epileptic brain. Recently, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been suggested as a potential and efficient treatment for pharmacoresistant epileptic seizures. The exact mechanism of DBS action is unclear, but some studies demonstrate that one of its probable mechanisms is modulating neural network activity. It seems that the probable compensative alteration in brain rhythms may be considered as a mechanism of DBS anticonvulsant action.