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Showing 396 results for Radi


Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract

Abstract
Examining the meaning of a word with the approach of cognitive semantics, through the radial network, analyzes the change of the meaning of the word in different contexts in the form of a systematic pattern. In this view, the word has a central meaning, which is also seen in the secondary concepts. Based on this, the secondary meanings that are proposed for the word are somehow tied with the central meaning and a semantic network is formed. Due to the fact that this theory can explain the semantic development of the word and clarify how they came about, we decided to use it to explain the semantic network of zikr in the Qur'an with a descriptive and analytical method. Dealing with the word zikr according to this theory leads us to the following conclusions: The linguistic remembrance of Allah along with the presence of the heart is the central meaning of the word zikr. This meaning is the central core of the coherent semantic network, which consists of six radial meanings based on the first meaning.
 

Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract

In cognitive semantics, a polysemous word constitutes a semantic concept, and the various meanings of that word assign themselves to radial network members of that concept. Accordingly, this study investigates the polysemy of the prefix "/pas-/" based on a cognitive semantic approach. The nature of this qualitative research is descriptive-analytical, and data have been extracted from Persian-language resources, namely Dehkhoda Dictionary (1994), Moein Dictionary (2003), and Amid Dictionary (2010), using a library research method. In this study, the two criteria of Tylor and Evans (2003), namely the prototypical fixed meaning or historically evidenced meaning and salience and prominence in the semantic network, have been employed to determine the primary or prototype meaning of Persian language prefixes. The authors aim to demonstrate that the prefix "/pas-/" is a polysemous prefix with a spectrum of lexical functions. This prefix, given its usage in Persian, has different semantic clusters such as "after, before, in front, back, and behind," which have expanded from a prototype or primary meaning. The findings indicated that the prefix "/pas-/" attaches to diverse textual foundations and generates newly derived words such as "pas-farda (the day after tomorrow), pas-pariirooz (the day before yesterday), pas-andaz (savings), pas-larze (aftershock)," and the like. It is observed that the prefix "/pas-/" possesses an extensive radial network due to the combination of this prefix with various verbs.

Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2023)
Abstract

Children's poetry is a suitable and effective platform for moral and social development and increasing their mental and cognitive abilities. In this respect and due to the importance of the content of children's literary works in the education system, it is necessary to understand children's poetry from different angles. People's culture is a wide collection of elements related to the material and spiritual life of the people of a land, which preservation and transmission to the children's audience and strengthening its place in the thoughts of composers of this field is the reason for the influence and creative productivity of this rich culture. Among them, material traditions are people's daily issues such as tools, food, clothing and vehicles. The present essay examines the reflection of these material traditions in Shaaban Nejad's epic poems. review method; Analytical-descriptive based on library sources. The results show; Shaaban Nejad's poetry as a main source in research; It has a clear and conscious link with people's culture. By using the material examples of people's culture, he connects the past and the present together, with the help of narration, rhythm and song, wide range of vocabulary, imagery and literary works, he displays his ancient roots for the child of the modern world and flourishes and The stability of children's and adolescent literature in Persian language.

Volume 0, Issue 3 (9-2008)
Abstract

Abstract one of the most important purposes of studying Persian painting is to discover the mysteries of these traces and proving their relation with other Iranian and traditional art literature and with a special point of view showing their connection with the layout and grammar design in the past time. The growing of this art isn’t separated from the life of the adherents. And it’s to be effective on producing all traces of Persian painting, and always have related to the rich contents of Iranian literature; and to make available space for growing and raising the culture of this country. Traveilling through this way has created a wonderful force on personality of the painters, so that connected their mind with the principle source, away from the world powers. For studying and analyzing the structure of the two masterpieces of Persian painting of manuscript books (Shahnameh - Baysonquri and Haft Orang - Jami), the article is trying to point out and explain about the grammar design of these paintings and the way that these scientific method can be used in the new graphic arts

Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract

Nowadays, application of enhanced oil recovery methods has increased; therefore it’s necessary to determine their impacts on environment and human life. So, this research investigates the environmental impacts of conventional enhanced oil recovery methods and new methods such as using electromagnetic waves, ultrasound waves, and nanoparticles. The investigations show that electromagnetic waves and ultrasound can effectively remove many environmental pollutants. Characteristics of the wave and the type of formation determine that these waves have different effects on the formation, and efforts should be made to understand these effects to prevent damage to the formation. Nanoparticles can also reduce the quantity of pollutants in the environment. According to the mechanisms of entrapment of nanoparticles in the porous medium, they may remain in the reservoir and find their way to the underground water over time, so their environmental effects should be considered in the long term. A better knowledge of new methods of increasing oil extraction will lead to the identification and use of more suitable methods with less environmental effects (compared to conventional methods).

 


Volume 1, Issue 2 (2-2009)
Abstract

Social trust means more people in your life trust to each other. But the scope and radius of this trust do not have fixed form, therefore, we have two forms of trust: particular trust and universal trust. In this paper, after designing of the problem, the conceptual and theoretical dimensions of trust, radius and range of social trust were inquired. Then with considering the variables of objective participation, generalized trust, reciprocity, sense of social security and optimism that constitute conceptual and empirical models of this essay, the subject were explained. 18 years old and above residents of Kashan city make the population of this article. After selecting a sample of this population by survey and technique questionnaire, the data were collected and analyzed. The results of this study showed that the radius and range of social trust in Kashan are located at an intermediate level. There is significant relationship between the independent variables of conceptual model and dependent variables. The variables entered the equation can have a good predictability, showing that the scope and radius of trust can be developed as they are improved.

Volume 1, Issue 2 (12-2019)
Abstract

Introduction: As one of the oldest and the most dynamic branches of political geography, Electoral geography has experienced ups and downs more than other branches of political geography. The objective ontology of the phenomenon of vote and its spatial distribution have linked this branch to spatial approach so that a large proportion of works in the area of Electoral geography have been written based on this approach. With the fall of positivism, the researches of Electoral geography also decreased. On the other hand, domination of descriptive, case, and applied studies without a robust theoretical and philosophical basis on theoretical and basic writings, is the main deficiency of Electoral geography in International and Iranian level. The aim of the present theoretical-fundamental study was to explain the dominant theoretical approaches in Electoral geography.
Conclusion: The Electoral geography can be explored in five theoretical approaches. The first approach is the traditional approach that deals with the spatial patterns of voting in the form of a regional school and human-environment relations. The second one is a spatial-behavioral approach that examines the voting behavior according to the measurement and analysis of key spatial variables based on the spatial school. The third approach is a radical approach that base on radical geography school deals with the theoretical articulation and revealing mechanisms that form Electoral processes. The fourth approach is a location-based approach that focuses on the impact of geographic-historical context on electoral behavior on the basis of the humanistic geography school and structuration theory. And, the fifth approach is a critical approach that criticizes the current approaches to the study of electoral geography and the presesentation of alternative readerships of electoral geography based on schools such as feminism, post-structuralism, and post-modernism.

Volume 1, Issue 3 (10-2014)
Abstract

Background: Despite the genetic heterogeneity reported in familial ALS (FALS), SOD1 gene mutations are the most frequent cause of FALS, accounting for around 20% of familial cases (ALS1) and isolated sporadic cases. Mutant forms of SOD1 exhibit toxicity that promotes the death of motor neurons. It is well documented that FALS produces protein aggregates in the motor neurons of FALS patients, which have been found to be associated to mitochondria. Methods: In this study, we cloned the SOD1 gene, using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method, from both a healthy control and a living 79 -year-old man with diagnosis of sporadic form of ALS who had shown unusual rapid progression of disease. RNA samples were available from lymphocytes of them. pET28a expression system and BL21 chemically competent Escherichia coli strain as host were used for protein expression. Results: DNA Sequencing data showed both heterozygosis C to G transition at nucleotide position 21 leading to a C6W changing at protein level and a deletion at nucleotides position 73 to 169 leading to complete deletion of exon two.

Volume 1, Issue 4 (12-2012)
Abstract

Rotation of trading partners by Iran, considering the trading background of each partner and its different attitudes towards economic sanctions is an effective initiation for decreasing the negative effects of the sanctions and persuading other countries to ignore them. This initiative will create a positive and sustainable balance for the trading condition of Iran. To further this effort, a more proactive trading approach is regionalism and consequently selection of the right trading partners can be a useful solution. On the other hand, in cross-regional dimension, with regards to the current economical crisis, specifically in Europe, Iran is able to find suitable trading partners. Additionally, Iran can promote the idea that the global economic super powers are losing numerous lucrative opportunities in the attractive market of Iran. This approach can increase the bargaining power of Iran in economical negotiations and persuade other countries to overlook the current sanctions. In this atmosphere, studying the actors of the sanction games and their capacities, the amount of value-creation and interaction and the mechanism of their motivational leadership are important issues in the process of minimization of the negative impacts of the sanctions and the selection of trade partners must be based on the mentioned criteria.

Volume 1, Issue 4 (12-2012)
Abstract

Rotation of trading partners by Iran, considering the trading background of each partner and its different attitudes towards economic sanctions is an effective initiation for decreasing the negative effects of the sanctions and persuading other countries to ignore them. This initiative will create a positive and sustainable balance for the trading condition of Iran. To further this effort, a more proactive trading approach is regionalism and consequently selection of the right trading partners can be a useful solution. On the other hand, in cross-regional dimension, with regards to the current economical crisis, specifically in Europe, Iran is able to find suitable trading partners. Additionally, Iran can promote the idea that the global economic super powers are losing numerous lucrative opportunities in the attractive market of Iran. This approach can increase the bargaining power of Iran in economical negotiations and persuade other countries to overlook the current sanctions. In this atmosphere, studying the actors of the sanction games and their capacities, the amount of value-creation and interaction and the mechanism of their motivational leadership are important issues in the process of minimization of the negative impacts of the sanctions and the selection of trade partners must be based on the mentioned criteria.

Volume 1, Issue 4 (2-2021)
Abstract

Aims: However, with the emergence of “Mobilities Turn” and consequently the “New Mobilities Paradigm”, different flows and modes of movement are considered as actions constructing various individual and collective lived experiences, enabling the new experience of the expressed concepts from among the moving experiences. No comprehensive and proper methodologies have been developed for understanding these mobile lived experiences although two decades have passed since the emergence of this new paradigm and this epistemological issue in the field of social sciences. The study tries to develop the methodology to understand these mobile lived experiences – the methods that can reach the hidden meanings of these mobile experiences.

Methods: After examining this methodological gap, the study explain and proposes “mobile autoethnography” as a new approach to understand these lived experiences in motion
Findings: mobile autoethnography is an approach enabling the researcher to understand the lived meanings in the actions of movement in everyday life environments through the lived experience of self and others within the framework of the new mobilities paradigm.

Conclusion: Autoethnography is an emerging approach in ethnography which aims to understand everyday life’s experience can be used to understand mobile lived experience in the field of  urban mobility in urban studies disciplines.



Volume 2, Issue 1 (4-2002)
Abstract

In this paper, a new propagation model based on UTD for multiple diffraction paths in cellular mobile radio communications in urban environments is proposed. Moreover, the most rigorous novel UTD-based expressions for multiple diffractions by buildings and excess path losses are d - rived and analyzed. For this purpose, building rows are supposed to have rectangular cross-sections with the same heights and spacings. In addition, in this analysis actual electrical roperties of buildings are regarded. Previous studies have been concentrated on the simplified models that approximated building rows as absorbing half-screens or perfectly conducting half screens (knife-edges) or 90 degrees wedges. In this work, buildings are assumed flat-roofed parallel rows of dielectric blocks and their actual relative permittivity and conductivity are applied.

Volume 2, Issue 1 (4-2002)
Abstract

In this paper, some applications of the Method of Least Squares (MLS) for the solution of various problems in electromagnetics engineering is briefly reviewed. Here, MLS is employed for the solution of various problems such as solution of equations, curve fitting to measured data, generalized Fourier coefficients, linear operator equations, inegro-differential equations, electrostatics and magnetostatics problems, boundary value problems (by the Least Square Boundary Residual Method LSBRM), design of impedance transformers and matching by step and tapered lines, optimum design of multihole directional couplers, coupled-line couplers, branch line couplers, ring couplers, analysis of wire antennas, antenna pattern synthesis, array synthesis and scattering. In this study, it becomes clear that MLS can be applied to devise effective numerical algorithms for the analysis and design of problems in the subject areas of radiation, scattering, antennas, microwaves, engineering mathematic, etc. Some papers and books published in the area of MLS applications for the analysis and design of problems in electromagnetics engineering are grouped and presented in references.

Volume 2, Issue 3 (2-2019)
Abstract

In graded structure aerogels, change of pores diameter through the thickness affects the effective thermal conductivity. As the pores diameter is reversely correlated to the density, the effective thermal conductivity of aerogel is often normalized to the density and it is expressed as the B parameter. Lower values of B would be the optimum conditions for the resulting aerogel. The objective of this work is to simulate the heat transfer of the homogenous structures and to compare it with structures that pore diameter vary through the thickness. For this purpose, the structure characteristics and properties of silica aerogel along with the effect of coupling thermal conductivity have to be taken into consideration. Using the COMSOLMultiphysics®software, the heat transfer was modeled for a number of cases, including homogenous structures with minimum density (L), maximum density (H) and for an optimum structure (OPT) having a minimum value of the B parameter. The results were compared to thestructurally graded aerogels in which the density was varied in two fashions, from higher values to lower (HtL) and from lower to higher values (LtH). The change of temperature with time was tracked for all the cases. Results indicated that the minimum value of heat transfer was obtained for the structurally graded aerogel of the type of LtH (a 2-percent increase of efficiency for LtH when compared to the optimum structure (OPT)). Therefore, this structure introduce as the best candidate for producing a thermal insulator.

Volume 2, Issue 3 (11-2022)
Abstract

According to some important philosophers of science, such as Popper, Hempel and Tarski, consistency is a necessary condition of establishing any scientific theory. They hold that all inconsistent scientific theories are uninformative, meaningless or deficient. In this paper I will first argue against their clams, then I consider some inconsistencies which happened at the heart of some well-accepted scientific theories (Empirical or Non-Empirical), and by this I will try to open the door for the possibility of the paraconsistent philosophy of science.

Volume 2, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract

In this study, sonochemical synthesis was used to prepare nanostructured HZSM-5 catalysts. The three most effective ultrasound related variables including ultrasound power, irradiation time, and sonication temperature were investigated. The combined effect of these variables on relative crystallinity and mean crystal size of HZSM-5 nanocatalysts was studied using a central composite design. Higher crystallinity and lower crystal size were obtained by increasing ultrasound power, irradiation time, and sonication temperature while there was an optimum range for mentioned variables. The maximum relative crystallinity and minimum mean crystal size were obtained as 55.51% and 62.37 nm, respectively, under the optimal conditions of ultrasound power (231 W), irradiation time (21.18 min), and sonication temperature (42.68 °C). The results confirmed that sonochemical method considerably increased crysatllinity and reduced crystal size of HZSM-5 nanocatalysts at lower time. Hydrothermal method produced catalyst with full crystallinity and mean crystal size of 893 nm with 120 min aging and 48 h crystallization in autoclave while sonicated HZSM-5 catalyst with 21 min sonication and 4 h crystallization has 55.51% crystllinity and 62.37 nm mean crystal size. On the other hand, no HZSM-5 phase was formed in hydrothermal method with 120 min aging and 4 h crystallization in autoclave. These results strongly suggests that a catalyst with smaller crystal size, higher crystallinity and BET surface area at lower crystallization time can be obtained by using ultrasound instead of aging step in HZSM-5 synthesis

Volume 2, Issue 7 (12-2005)
Abstract

A total of 200 samples of traditional ice creams were obtained randomly from the retail stores in the city of Shahr-e-kord. All the samples were analyzed for microbial contaminations according to the Iran national standard. Out of 200 samples, 100 showed mesophilic aerobic bacteria count more than 5*105 per gram of ice cream. One hundred fourteen samples showed Staphylococcus aureus count more than 102 per gram of ice cream. Ninety nine samples showed Enterobacteriacea count more than 102 per gram of ice cream. From 200 samples, 2 samples were Escherichia coli positive, and 24 samples showed Bacillus cereus count more than 103 per gram of ice cream. No Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 200 samples.

Volume 3, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract

Geometry is considered one of the fundamental structures of Iranian traditional art and architecture, and some of its displays can be seen in most of fine ancient works. Studying geometry, as one of the main fields of Iranian art and architecture, is of more importance when it comes to the word of architecture, as it seems impossible to define it without relying on geometry. Architecture has been founded on "construction" as it is necessary to utilize accurate geometry and order; and in architecture, Order and planning are manifested as geometry. In other words, the basic factor that makes different parts of architecture united is nothing but geometry, and through this uniting and coordination between parts of architecture culture the survival and endurance of that culture becomes possible. In general, order and geometric plan assists the designer to predict the course of the plan and design. Not only the Iranian traditional architecture works from the ancient times to the Islamic era have been relied upon the geometric principles, but also the contemporary architecture is based on such principles. This study is concentrated on the exact recognition of geometric principles, intellectual roots and theoretical basics of Iranian traditional architecture in addition to the analysis of the advent of such items in the contemporary architecture. The main aim of this research is to recognize the geometric principles of the traditional architecture and its application in the contemporary architecture. In other words, we aim to answer to the question, what are the geometric principles of the traditional architecture and how is the manifestation of such principles in the contemporary architecture? The results show that the use of geometric order in the plan, along with the application of hidden geometry and creation of geometric understanding through the static sense have been more applied in the contemporary architecture compared to other characteristics of Iranian traditional architecture and the traditional architecture archetypes and motives have always attracted contemporary architects.

Volume 3, Issue 1 (3-2012)
Abstract

Syntagmatic and paradigmatic structures, as it was already reiterated by linguists such as Roman Jakobson, constitute the fundamental structure of language. Thus it is possible that semantic components of a word are found, the relations of syntagmatic and paradigmatic words with it are studied, and finally, the functions of that word in language are determined in a wide scale. In this method, first, sytamatic and paradigmatic words, which are considered to be the semantics components of the word, are found, and then their common semantic components are analyzed. The term “Haq”, which is repeated 290 times, is one of the most significant Quranic terms. Haq and its syntagms and substitutions (rasu:l, din, bātil, hudā, sidq, bayyināt) are the basis of its analysis. In addition to Arabic language, this term has also got a variety of applications in its Quranic veriety. For instance, God says that He and all His effects in the world such as creation, sending the Messengers, the revelation, good tidings and threats are “Haq”.

Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2015)
Abstract

Soil alkalinity and salinity are serious problems in arid and semi-arid regions, and therefore monitoring of soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) is necessary in any region. The present study aimed to properly interpolate soil pH and EC as soil quality indices in a semi-arid mountainous area with annual precipitation of 342.4 mm. The study area is the Karimabad rangelands in Hamadan Province, western Iran. A total of 266 composite soil samples were collected from 0-25 cm soil depth in a systematic random design. Soil samples were processed for pH and EC analysis and then further used for interpolating based on the optimal interpolation method for the study area. The overall soil pH and EC ranged from 7.3-7.9 and 0.33-2.13 dS m-1, respectively, presenting the slightly alkalinity and salinity problem in the region. The results showed the accuracy of spatial prediction of interpolation methods, particularly inverse distance weighting and radius basis function. However, based on root mean square error, the radius basis function was the most appropriate interpolation method to predict spatial distribution of soil pH and EC of topsoil in the study area. While salinity and alkalinity were low, still monitoring these soil indices is highly recommended to prevent the salinization and alkalization in the study area.

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