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Literary translations have developed in accordance with the essence of interactions in which the role of addressee has become much more important. Procedures such as clarification and adaptation have gained a particular place since they have included the importance of addressee and appropriateness of discourse in translation. However, the place of adaptation and its effect on literary translation have remained ambiguous. There may arise a question that whether local and global characteristics of adaptation can also be applied to a literary translation. If the answer is positive, which of the adaptation techniques enjoys a higher distribution? This article is an attempt to provide answers for these questions. It further tries to investigate the Persian translation of Pride and Prejudice novel based on Bastin (2009) taxonomy in order to find the ways adaptation has been used. The results showed that the translator has used local and global features of adaptation to better represent the writer’s message and, at the same time, to keep the beauty and effectiveness of the discourse in a way that global features outweigh local ones in their applicability. Likewise, although the translator has remained faithful to the main passages, situational equivalence and expansion are two adaptation techniques, which have been used mostly in the translation of paragraphs. In other words, for translating the text, the translator has kept the meaning but, for creating effectiveness and beauty of the discourse, adaptation proves essential.  

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An article related to literary criticism requires precise definitions, theory and methodology. In literary criticism, one must distance himself/herself from personal criteria and seek for objective and scientific criteria. A literary critic with knowledge and experience, by adopting an objective method, distances himself/herself from prejudice and provides a disinterested criticism. Distraction from the principles of objective and disinterested criticism leads to the destruction of criticism. But sometimes there are writings that refuse to adhere to these principles; they are based only on personal criteria or conspiracy theories. Mehdi Javid Shad has published an article, “How to Escape My Own Shadow; A Critique of “Ideology and Interpellation of Black Americans’ Community in Amiri Baraka’s “In Memory of Radio”, in Literary Criticism Quarterly (no. 42). He has refused to provide accurate and scientific definitions, hypothesis and methodology because by referring to scientific and objective definitions, the basis of his writing (the charge of plagiarism) faces serious questions. He based his argument on personal assumptions and dismissed disinterested criticism to finish his note by relying on mistakes, secrecy, and conspiracy theories. By relying on the definition of plagiarism, the views of Matthew Arnold, Michel Foucault, Jorge Luis Borges, as well as the principles and methods of research, the present research attempts to highlight the mistakes made by Javid Shad in order to shed light on the other articles of this type.