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Showing 6 results for Naturalism


Volume 1, Issue 3 (3-2004)
Abstract

In this essay we will study the principal European literacy movement in the latter half of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century.
The term “Naturalism” describes a type of literature attempting to apply scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to its study on human beings. Unlike realism, which focuses on literary technique, Naturalism Implies a  philosophical position: for naturalism writers, since human being are in Zola’s phrase, “ human beats” Characters can be studied through their Relationships to their surroundings who said that novelist should be like the scientist, examining  dispassionately various phenomena in life and drawing in disputable conclusions.
The naturalists tended to concern themselves with the harsh, often sordid, aspects of life, Zola’s description of this method in the Experimental Novel, (1880).
Following Claude Bernard’s Medical and the historian Hippolyte Taine’s observe that     “Virtue and Vice are products like vitriol and sugar” That is, that human beings as          the “producers” should be studied impartially, without moralizing about their natures.                                                                                                                    
 
Mohsen Esmaili, Fateme Kupa,
Volume 4, Issue 13 (12-2011)
Abstract

Dark nature and Contemporary Persian Poetry Dr. Fateme Kupa(Associated Professor in Payam’e Noor University-center of Tehran) Mohsen Esmaeili Abstract: One of the nature-oriented characteristics of contemporary Persian poetry is paying attention to nature aspects and the objective world, that is because of application of darkness, twilight spaces obscure, mysterious and frightening atmospheres which are associated with boredom, outrage, ruin, downfall and naught for readers . These kinds of images in this research are called “Dark nature”. To bring in “Dark nature” is the cause of philosophic, socio-political changes and designing new ideas in aesthetic and anthropology topics in two last centuries of Europe. In this article, first of all, the effects of all factors are examined, then how they emerged in persian poetry will be discussed . Keywords: Naturalism, Dynamic Organism, Beauty and Sublimity, Reification.

Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract

Comparative literature has always provided space for the different nations to talk to each other and interact together. The intertextuality that reflect an audience’s interpretation of the text, can be used according to the tenets of comparative literature. Sadegh Hedayat, as one of the pioneers of modern literature in Iran, including writers who have a deep acquaintance with Western literature, especially French literature, has been influenced by many foreign-language writers. The short story of Whirlpool, which takes place in a bitter and naturalistic perspective, is one of the works of Hedayat which is strongly influenced by the naturalism, and especially the naturalistic novel of Pierre and Jean by Guy de Maupassant. The theme of treason, which leads to the ruination of a seemingly happy family, and the narrative structure of this story are the link between these two works. This theme is developed in two works using the rules of the naturalism including elements of determinism. The main issue in the present article is to find the roots and examples of treason in two works by relying on the narrative structure and the analysis of the behavior of characters in confronting this familial crisis. Finally, we will try to achieve the main goal of this comparative study which is a description of the elements of naturalism in Whirlpool and its coincidence with the naturalistic elements of Maupassant’s novel.


Volume 20, Issue 79 (4-2023)
Abstract

The present study attempts to study the transformation of some of the components of romanticism within the political thresholds. The aim of the present study is achieving a suitable answer to how some more political doctrines of romanticism such as freedom of admiring the women’s rights, outburst of feelings, and full-scale defense of personal experiences becomes so vast that change the non-romanticism components into political issues. In the present study, the poems of the aforementioned poets, that is, Farokhzad and Behbahani, which are different in terms of the content in addition to form, have been investigated and analyzed. Despite all the differences, they are considered to be similar in terms of political thresholds with respect to the transformation of themes, particularly naturalism and personal feelings, in their works.
 

Volume 25, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract

The analysis of literary texts that study metaphysical linguistic elements and focus on the scrutiny and search for hidden layers of the metaphysical mental images of the writers is of great importance; the inference leads to superficial and virtual inferences of texts. Therefore, this research takes into account the descriptive-analytic approach to study the theory of a linguist named Frege under the title Objectivity to Meaning and Example and then applied this theory to the poetry of Ilya Abu Mazy, a modern Arab poet. It is suggested that Ilya, as a naturalist philosophic poet, has variously used metaphysical and natural propositions in his poetry; therefore, we need a linguistic analysis to understand the metaphysical linguistic philosophy hidden there. The results of the research show that the poet's use of the method of rhetorical objectification and representation reminds us of the method of Objectivity to Meaning and Example. In rhetorical objectification, he has tended to metaphysical philosophical propositions such as ontology, epistemology and anthropology as a result of his natural tendencies, and in rhetorical representation employ human-related concept. In addition, it is clear from this analysis that Arabic rhetoric plays an important role in acquiring knowledge about new linguistic theories and paving the way of understanding language barriers.
 

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