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Showing 13 results for Landowski


Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract

Landowski, the social semiotician, focuses on the subject of discourse and discourse,and thus introduces the concepts of presence,perception, and emotion in semiotics.The fact that enunciation is more important than enunciation provides the basis for phenomenological semiotics.The important problem of the authors of this research is that since in "adaptation"system,we see unity between subjects and "other" or that aspect of "otherness"is not only a passive object but also plays the role of a subject with dynamic interaction.It explores how the semantic process takes shape,and whether it can be argued that the relationship between the subjects is consistent with Landowski's theory of "adaptation."According to the research problem,the authors hypothesize that the perception of meaning is different according to the specific interactions between subjects in social contexts,so the perception of meaning cannot be separate from the context and field of rhetoric,but it is a function of the interaction between subjects in different discourse contexts.The present study has examined the signs of meanings in the ode "Layali al-Manfa"by Mohi-al-Din Fares.The findings indicate that the semantic system governing the discourse of the ode's "negative night"is of the adaptation system.In fact,the interactive and adaptive relationship of the sign system in this poem is such that the meanings of exile,civil war,occupiers are not predetermined and one-sided,but these meanings can be obtained only if the issue of simultaneous presence and interaction of the subject and another to be raised.At the same time,enunciator has used the Apollonian and Dionysian systems, respectively,to make the phenomenon of colonialism and nostalgia unfavorable.
 

Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract

Narratives have many layers of meaning. These semantic layers encompass intra-discourse systems and represent their changes and developments. Eric Landowski sought to achieve the missing links of meaning in narrative contexts by designing semantic systems. Contexts that show discourse and narrative actions. According to Landowski's four semantic systems, which are emphasized in this study, namely, the system of "abyss and spinning ", it is possible to decipher the signs in the text and the relationship between these signs and each other and the author's worldview. The present study, based on a descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to achieve subtle and coherent layers of meaning in the novel Symphony of the Dead by Abbas Maroufi. Given the mastery of the author in creating works with the fluid flow of the mind in this study, we aim to show how the subjects are intertwined with the world around them and as they are opening up, their emotions and to some extent their destiny to another spreads. Also, by analyzing the abyss system, we come to the point that the subject cannot shape his own destiny alone, and after he finds himself incapable, he is forced to accept what luck has for him.
 

Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract

The historical novels The Golden Falcon  and The Flares of the City of Otrar  narrate the life of Jalal al-Din Khwarazmshah. Unlike ancient historical texts in which the simple and predictable process of action by the central actor of the hero takes place, in these works, by creating active and anti-active characters, the actions deviated from their main stream, leading to the actions of deviation, substitution, action error and ... have become. The purpose of this research is to investigate how actions deviate within the narrative and damage such as action error, action change or even action collapse. For this purpose, the theory of action-discourse system of Greimas has been used to examine the action narratives related to the character of Jalal al-Din in the two historical novels The Golden Falcon and The Flares of the City of Otrar. In The Golden Falcon's novel, the deviation of action is seen as the transformation of action and the destruction of action by actors; A place where efforts have been made to reach Jalal al-Din's valuable object and save his life. In this novel, according to the value object "Beloved" and "Homeland" Jalal al-Din is depicted as a "lover" and "patriot". In The Flares of the City of Otrar, deviation of action can be seen as transformation of action and replacement of action. Most of the characters in the story and Jalal al-Din himself play the role of antagonists and try to distance Jalal al-Din from his valuable object and destroy him.
 

Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract

Semiotics, with its phenomenological turn, provides the basis for re-projecting lost dimensions of meaning such as presence, perceptual-sensory flow, and the body. French semiotician Eric Landowski also proposes linguistic systems of adaptation and coincidence in a different way from Grimas. The Resāle-y-Mūmūsīyāh by Ehsan Abdipour, in which the linguistic actions of the actors create an interactive situation in which we witness the transformation of discursive spaces into each other and one event into another. These successive becomings are formed in the context of language and through perceptual-sensory and bodily processes. The issue is how the process of generating meaning in the context of language and the processes of transition from language to discourse are realized. In this research, the mechanisms of meaning production are investigated from the perspective of Landofsky's phenomenology in the context of adaptation, coincidence, programmatic and persuasive linguistic systems. Also, the phenomenological manifestations of the body are examined and analyzed by relying on the linguistic and discourse systems of this story. The aim of the research is to apply Landowski's phenomenological model in analyzing the linguistic structures of the story. The research question is also how does the main character of the story live in the world and which linguistic and discursive systems are seen in this story? The result shows that the systems of planning and persuasion force the main character of the story to accept certain requirements, but the systems of adaptation and coincidence create a lived experience for her.

Volume 6, Issue 3 (8-2015)
Abstract

As Saussure says, the meaning of the unites is not in the meaning itself, but the meaning is essentially an aspect of differentiation. In this perspective, all values are attributed to the “relationship”, not to individual units or separately of words what happens accordingly for a subject (“I” or “we") and its identity: the subject defines itself by the “difference", and in order to achieve the specified identity, it needs to other one. So Landowski suggests a general pattern that consists of four different strategies about the relationship between "I" as dominant and "other"as dominated. This pattern originates from semiotics square of Greimas. These strategies include assimilation, exclusion, segregation and identity acceptance. The main objective of this paper is to show that this pattern can be used in translation’s domain that is a challenging atmosphere of contact between our language and other foreign language. But the main question is that how Landowski identity pattern can be used basically for a new reading of the translation strategies.

Volume 8, Issue 36 (12-2020)
Abstract

Greimas' square divides semantic systems into two classic types of "programmaticism" and "persuasion"; Landowski, besides the classical semantic systems, believes in two semantic-interactive systems: "adjustment" and "accident". The four systems of programming, persuasion, adjustment, and accident are based on order, intent, sensory interaction, and chance. The present study, employing an analytical-descriptive method, identifies and classifies the common laughter semantics techniques in Folklore (tales, jokes, and parables), and the contemporary stories for children. The techniques of laughter semantics in the strategies of forming the process of laughter are meant within the framework of a semantic system. In this study, the basis for the classification of strategies in classical semantic systems is the connection between the value object and also the change in the modal power of the actors. In the system of adjustment, the basis is adaptability disorder, and in the system of accident, the basis is the definition of accident. This study aims to show that the contemporary humor stories for children as funny situational sub-contexts inherit the meaning-making strategies among their subjects, from large historical-cultural contexts, such as stories, parables, and jokes. The research question is how the social interactions of the tale characters play a role in the spread of these laughter semantics processes. For the first time, this research introduces and classifies the semantic systems of humor.
Introduction
Social semio-semantics examines the role of social reflections and behaviors in the process of producing and receiving meaning. The text is not only the construction of its internal constituent elements, but also the product of its socio-cultural context. Sasani (2010, p. 192).  calls the immediate spatial and temporal context as "micro-context", and in contrast, the historical spatial and temporal context as the "macro-socio-cultural context". Folk literature is humor as a macro context that indirectly plays a role in the formation of micro-contexts, such as children's humor stories.
Background
Landowski, in Reflective Society (1989), deals with the sign of social semantics and the role of the "other" in the formation of the meaning of "I", and in Khatari Interactions (2005), introduces his four systems. Moein, in Meaning as Lived Experience (Moein, 2015), and The Lost Dimensions of Meaning in Classical Narrative Semiotics (Moein, 2017), as well as in his numerous articles introduces Landowski to the Iranian semioticians. In Iran, semio-semantics research in the field of children's literature can be summarized in a study by Zanjanbar and Abbasi (2020).
Aims, significance, and questions
This research, in practice, can inspire satirists and creative writing workshops, and theoretically provide a classification of the narrative techniques of humor in which, based on the frequency of a type of special semantic laughter system, can compare the humorous style of children story writers. This provides a comparison of the style of satirists for comparative literature scholars.
The study seeks to compare and classify the sharing of meaning-making techniques of humorous stories, jokes, and parables as macro-textures with the techniques of meaning-making contemporary humor stories for children as micro-textures. It also classifies them based on Landowski's four semantic-interactive systems.
The research questions include:
1. In the context of Landowski's semantic systems, how is the process of laughter formation in the discourses of popular humor (stories, jokes, and allegories)?
2. What are the common strategies between the popular humor and humorous stories for children to create laughter-semantics conditions?
It should be noted that the "laughter-semantics conditions" refers to the process of laughter formation within a semantic system.
Research Methodology
The research method is analytical-descriptive and the statistical population of this article is the written and oral texts of folk literature satire and fictional texts of children's satire. The sample group is selected by "targeted sampling" method. To complete the sampling, the "data saturation" method was used. The sample size obtained from the saturation consists of fifty works, a few of which will be mentioned because of certain limitations.
Conclusion
According to Landowski's social semio-semantics, the humorous semantic systems (laughter-semantics systems) consist of four systems: pivotal, persuasive, adaptive, and accidental. Each system has sub-strategies, which are made first in the macro-cultural contexts, and then extend the situational sub-contexts in the contemporary children stories. These strategies are differentiated and categorized based on whether the character achieves a value object, as well as how the characters' modeling ability changes. Modal ability refers to the four modality verbs "to want, to know, to be able, and must", which govern each character before performing the action.
References
Landowski. E. (1989). Reflective society (in French). Seuil.
Landowski. E. (2005). Khatari interactions (in French). PULIM.
Moin, M. B. (2015). Meaning as lived experience (in Farsi). Sokhan.
Moin, M. B. (2017). The missing dimensions of meaning in classical narrative semiotics (in Farsi). Scientific and Cultural.
Sasani, F. (2010). Meaning: towards social semiotics (in Farsi). Science.
Zanjanbar, A. H., & Abbasi, A. (2020). Stylistics of "physical metamorphosis" in children stories based on the tensive regime of discourse. Journal of Language Related Research, 11(4), 49-74.

Volume 9, Issue 3 (8-2018)
Abstract

Eric Landowski; the postgreimassien semiotician, defines his semiotic and interactive model as the program of discipline, conviction, coincidence and adjustment,  according to the principles of "rule", "intentionality", "luck" and  " sensible" paradigm respectively. Naturally, this model can be encompassed in the social domain in which we encounter with the interactive practices of subjects. 
If we accept that basically educational activity is defined on the basis of the interaction between the three different factors: the subject of the educator, the subject of the learner, and the object and method on which the training is based, we can study and explore the diversity and the difference for the training practices with this model. 
In the present article we tried to examine carefully this model and the characteristics of each of these semiotic and interactive systems. We will present another model, the virtuous and vices one in order to read the possible interactions between the educator's actor and the educator actor in a social welfare class to say  the classroom.
 Accordingly, different educational methos of analysis and fundamental philosophy upon which each of them has been founded will be explored and examined by introducing various educational goals and patterns. 


Volume 11, Issue 4 (10-2020)
Abstract

One of the difficulties for the addressee who encounters theosophical texts is the inability to comprehend the experiences gained by the theosophist. Regardless of language and scientific understanding of linguistic signs, it is impossible to discover how to make sense of the phenomenal world in theosophical discourse. In line with Heidegger who considers language the house of being, the truth of theosophy is also manifested in language; but for some reasons like the inability of language to express experiences, obstacles in the way of understanding the truth and theosophical experiences, the difficult topic and the extraordinarily of theosophist’s experiences, etc. theosophical language seems difficult and complicated to find. Especially in theosophical discourse, the theosophist/subject as an agent and narrator of theosophy encounters different objects. On the one hand there is the sensory phenomenal world and his sensual experience and on the other hand, we see his mental-theosophical experience which is the interansferable and immediate part of his experience. In this research and in the framework of phenomenological, linguistic and philosophical insights of Eric Landowski the authors have tried to decipher the process of signification of the phenomenal world in two attitudinal systems called Pantheism and Intuitionism in theosophical discourse. Ontologically speaking, the theosophist/subject portrays his relation to the world/text from two viewpoints which are existential and intuitional in nature. As a subject, he makes sense of the phenomenal world in new ways and consequently he will have a different process of birth and semiotic acquisition in front of himself. In this research it has been tried to apply some considerable principles and phenomenological basics in mystical discourse and the relationship between subject and object and subject to the text of the world. Concepts such as Perception, the sensitive, Lived experience, interaction of subject and object, Presence, mental perception  and the way we look at phenomena, co-presence, the importance of motivation and Social requirements, etc., have paved the way to the study and analysis of the meaning and perception of the mystical discourse. This approach gives us the opportunity to focus on the subject and the object and the relationship between them. The present study provides a context for better understanding of meaning and phenomena. Based on discursive and phenomenological perspective, the present study attempts to examine the mystic-subject semiotic approach to the text of the world of phenomena in the field of theoretical mysticism. Therefore, the combination of mysticism discourse in this article refers to theoretical mysticism and mystical foundations based on ontology. The main objective of this paper is Rereading of how to produce meaning in two intuitive and existential approaches and in the language of mysticism, which have been done in the theoretical framework of Eric Landowski. This approach answers the following questions in this research:
How does the mystic look at the world of phenomena shape the subject view?
- How is it possible to establish a relationship between the meaning in the discourse of mysticism with the mystic thoughts and perceptions of mystical experience?
- How the presence of subject and two-way interaction cause to create meaning in mysticism?
 The type of mystic view answers these questions; since the alterity and the object in the world of phenomena are determined by a reference point, and in the discourse of mysticism, this reference point is the mystic presence and narrator of mysticism who plays the role of an independent and dynamic subject.This semiotic process is undoubtedly based on the ontological view of the subject about the category of existence and its multiplicity in two mystical attitudes; that is, the view of intuitive unity and existential unity. The first factor in the difference between the processes of giving meaning to the text-world in these two mystical systems is the mystic-subject point of view, which creates two completely different way of the Scheduled and unity. The difference in the type of meaning of the text-world between the intuitive and existential mystic has continued to make difference between all the mystical beliefs such as having an instrumental view to phenomena or interaction with them, the concept of annihilation and the concept of theoretical and practical mystical education.
 
 

Volume 12, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract

Considering the analysis of phenomenological discourse from the semiotic perspective, the tattoo semiotic system focuses on linguistic reproduction. Discourse reveals some aspects of sensory perception to the subject. Proper body is a path to the sensory perception of the lost dimensions of meaning and the lived experience of phenomena. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of sensory perception of phenomenological tattoo in the framework of semiotics of discourse. Throughout the research process and with the development of Merleau-Ponty and Landowski theory, the authors  study the written tattoo with the semiotic approach of  Paris school of semiotics by dealing with the process of discovering, producing and receiving meaning. In the present study, the findings showed that  the phenomenological tattoo leads the semiotic system of language towards the discovery of the lived experience of presence and reveals the hidden layers of meaning and conceal the obvious meanings. This is a feature of meta-discourse that manifests itself within discourse in order to achieve power and immortality, and leads to transcendence of  semiotic system of discourse.

1. Introduction
Linguistic signs that are purposefully imprinted on the body by painting, tattooing or bruising are considered to be tattoo in this article. What is clear is that the tattoos are painted on human bodies for ideological, cultural, social, epic, mystical, ritual and aesthetic functions. The presence of Tattoos in Iranian folk culture with various functions indicates its importance in the manifestation of the language system. The subject, in an Ethos relationship due to the presence of the tattoo object, mutates beyond an aesthetic discourse into meta-discourse and seeks a direct interaction with the existence of presence. Merleau-Ponty believes that the world contains meanings in relation to the body-subject. According to him, sensory perception is a kind of absorption and fascination in the world. The actant subjects are separated from the system of continuity in the spark of the moment, and thus meaning is reproduced and perceived at the level of discourse deep structure. The subject faces a fundamental challenge and problem within himself for essence and the way of survival and to express power in life; and by imprinting a mental idea on his body, it crystallizes the flow of linguistic fluid, the result of which is the metamorphosis of the stative subject from within.
 
2. Literature Review
The main issue of this research is to read the semantic system of a corps propre beyond a definite linguistic text as a phenomenal text, based on the study of semiotigue with a phenomenological perspective. The main question in this research refers to the way of the subject's sensory perception in the interactive process of the subject and the tattoo object, and examines the phenomenal text based on Landowski's discursive semantic systems. The discourse analysis of the semantic system in this study is based on the sensory perceptual principle. The theoretical foundations of this interdisciplinary research are the combination of Merleau-Ponty phenomenology with the semiotigue of the Paris school. The study of the corpus in this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of data analysis is qualitative. The present study is grounded on the Landowski's accident and adjustment discourses based on the sensory perceptual principle.
 
3. Methodology
Semiotigue is a discourse-oriented approach that concentrates on the process of producing, receiving and perceiving meaning and reads it in a dynamic and fluid communication of enunciation. In soft semiotigue, which was initially formed from the idea of Greimas's imperfection of signification, subjects attempt to create language with a poststructuralist view in order to achieve imperfection of signification, and avoid repeating definite linguistic implications. In reading Eastern literary and visual texts with soft semiotigue, one can reflect on the process of discovering and intuition of subjects within the narrative; and with the passage of linear time at language deep structure in a pure and attractive form due to the moment of spark, one can perceive deep abstract concepts derived from religion that are beyond the reach of subjects at the level of semantic surface structure.
 
4.Conclusion
In the analysis of tattoos from the perspective of Landowski's semantic systems, we have reached the approach that the semantic function of tattoos is not always definite and due to the occurrence of meaning, there is a possibility of the presence of a corps propre. Phenomenological tattoo leads the semantic system of language towards the discovery of the lived experience of presence.
The discourse of rebellion transforms the actant subject into an anti-actant one, and in adaptive interaction with the pseudo-subject imprinted on his body, intensifies the risk of discourse. Discourse transforms the rebellion of the active subject into a subconscious and, in adaptive interaction with the pseudo-subject imprinted on itself, intensifies the risk of discourse. In these works, the phenomenal text reveals the underlying and hidden layers of meaning and conceals the obvious and definite meanings. This is a prominent feature of meta-discourse that manifests itself within discourse in order to achieve the value of power, becoming a hero, and survival, and transcend the semantic system of discourse. This phenomenal space is no longer definite, argumentative, and cognitive, and brings the subject into an existential discourse.
 

Volume 14, Issue 4 (10-2023)
Abstract

The theme of animal farm story by George Orwell is political- social in which, the collaboration among main characters in the path of formation a same and unique aim (independent animal society), is clear completely. This type collaboration, in the following, leads to appear a revolution and create an independent animal society in the bounds of some obligatory paradigms. But, in the following of narration, each of the characters indicates a special marked actions towards the independent animal society which challenges the expectation for integrity in life styles and also how it is approached in this story.
The aim of this research which is an analytic- comparative research, is analyzing and considering the life style in Animal Farm story, based on the Eric Landowski’s life style pattern (French social Semioticion), while determining the integrity or differences in life style discourse in this story, also explaining how it is approached, that includes some items: stationary, dynamic, repetirion oriented and processing or non-processing.
The results of this research show that according to author’s prediction, life style discourse in this story, is shown in a different form. In between, the life style of cameleon and central group and life style of ours have the most and the least frequency, respectively ands also in the most cases, the approach of life style in this story is stationary and non- processing .

1. Introduction
Animal Farm story by  George Orwell has a political- social theme in which there are relatively abundant characters. This story narrates the history of those animals in the form “fable”, which get together for a same goal and create a revolution in a farm to form a civil society with specific and obligatory principles. But each of animals , gradually indicates meaningful actions towards this created society and because of repetition of these actions, can be considered as a life style. That’s why this research aims to recognizes and analyzes how life style is shown in this story according to Landowski’s pattern which presents the pattern of four life styles.
Research Question(s)
With regard to mentioned items, this research aims to answer the following questions:
  1. according to the grouping the life styles in Landowski’s pattern, what is the approach of subjet’s life style in terms of being unique or different, in Animal Farm story?
  2. Is the process of formation of life style in Animal Farm story dynamic or a kind of  repetition oriented or stationary and non- processual?
  3. Is subjects’ life style different in this story and  which life style do subjects select among Landowski’s life style pattern?

2. Literature Review
This research has been carried out  based on Eric Landowski’s four life styles pattern that defines four life styles: Dandy, Snob, Cameleon, bear , in relatin to a central group. With regard to searching different scientific websites, no similar research has been done in this case.
 
3. Methodology
The methodology of this research is analytic- comparative, based on Eric Landowski’s life style pattern. This research aims to study main 14 characters in Animal Farm story in terms of their life style.

4. Results
The results of this research show that according to author’s prediction, life style discourse in this story, is shown in a different form.Among them, the life style of cameleon and central group and life style of bear have the most and the least frequency, respectively and also in the most cases, the approach of life style in this story is stationary and non- processual .     

Table 1
Frequency of lifestyle(s) of subjects in their narrative and lifestyle approach 
subject Arrangement of life styles of subjects in narrative The approach of life styles  of subjects
Snowball Central group Non-processual- stationary
Napoleon Cameleon- Dandy Processual- dunamic
Ship Snob Non-processual- stationary
Boxer Central group Non-processual- stationary
Molli bear- Cameleon- bear Processual- repetition oriented
Squealer Cameleon- Dandy Processual- dynamic
Benjamin Cameleon Non-processual- stationary
Major Central group Non-processual- stationary
Clover Central group Non-processual- stationary
Farm cat Cameleon Non-processual- stationary
Moses Cameleon- Dandy- Cameleon Processual- repetition oriented
Dogs Snob Non-processual- stationary
Moriel Central group Non-processual- stationary
Other animals Central group Non-processual- stationary

 
Amir Hossein Zanjanbar,
Volume 14, Issue 53 (3-2021)
Abstract

Abstract
One of the tricks of children's stories to objectify abstract relationships is employing the metaphor of "color". On the one hand, the metaphor of "color change" in the three stories of "Red: The Story of a Candle" (Hall, 2015), "The Day the Crayons Quit" (Daywalt, 2013), and "Purple Pencil" (Ghazaleh Bigdelou, 2012)  refers to the "identity revolution" and on the other, the first two stories are American and the story of "Purple Pencil" is Iranian, so this article has selected the mentioned stories to compare the views of the two mentioned cultural discourses in terms of the meaning of "ideal identity". In this regard, it intends to answer three questions in a descriptive-analytical way, within the framework of Landowski semantic systems: How has ideal self been interpreted in each text, given that these three texts encourage the child to identify? How does each text invite the child to socialize? The hidden ideology in every text creates alienation and de-alienation, which institutions are related to subjectivity? From a cultural semiotic point of view, every text is a culture. The present study examines the paradigm of identification in children's stories. Since identity is a construct of discourse, it translates the ideology embedded in the identity-making discourse from the sphere of origin to the sphere of destination.
Introduction
J. Lotman designed the semio-sphere as the space of all the texts of a culture, being interconnected in such a sphere. Unlike constructivist semiotics, which considers culture to be a hypertextual element, cultural semiology considers culture to be an integral part of the text. According to Lotman, the semio-sphere is like a crystal in which each of the texts inside, as components, has the properties of the whole sphere. Therefore, by placing it within the semio-sphere, he did not only seek for the meaning of the text, but also attempts to reconstruct the semio-sphere.
Greimas divides semantic systems into two classic types: "programming" and "persuasion / manipulation". Landowski by passing over the dual system of Greimas believes in two semantic-interactive systems of "adjustment" and "accident".
Background
Landowski, in Reflective Society (1989) deals with the sign of social semantics and the role of the "other" in the formation of the meaning of "I", and in Khatari Interactions (2005), introduces his four systems. Moein, in Meaning as Lived Experience (2015), and The Lost Dimensions of Meaning in Classical Narrative Semiotics (2017), as well as in his articles, introduces Landowski to the Iranian semioticians. In Iran, semio-semantics research based on Landowski theory in the field of children's literature can be summarized in a study by Zanjanbar (2021).
Aims, significance, and questions
The theme of the three stories, The Day the Crayons Quit (Daywalt, 2013), Red: A Crayon’s Story (Hall, 2015) and Purple Pencil (Bigdellou, 2013) is “identity crisis”, and the main characters in all three are pencils. All three use the "color change" trick to portray the "identity revolution" of the protagonist. The first two stories are American and the story of "Purple Pencil" is Iranian. The aim of the present study is to compare the differences and similarities of the concept of "ideal self" in stories that have different cultural spheres. There is competition among Iranian publishers for the publication of books that receive international awards, regardless of the fact that the dominant discourses award these books due to ideological matters. The importance of this research is that it shows that although a skilled translator can change the language based on the target semio-sphere; but the theme of the story is the carrier of the ideology of the origin sphere.
The research questions are:
1. How has ideal self been interpreted in each text, given that these three texts encourage the child to identify?
2. How does each text invite the child to socialize?
3. The hidden ideology in every text creates alienation and de-alienation, which institutions related to subjectivity?
Research Methodology
The research method is analytical-descriptive and its approach is cultural semio-semantics. The theoretical foundations section introduces Landowski's four semantic systems and its related paradigms (subject, object, and modality verbs). In the analysis section, all three texts are read within the framework of Landowski semantic systems. Then, the signs (written signs and visual signs) that are the basis of the subject's identification are discovered in all three stories, and the signs of each text are compared with the signs of the other two texts, thus, the similarities and differences of the concept of ideal self should be discovered in these three texts, and the way of identifying the semio-sphere should be revealed in each of them.
Conclusion
Although all three works consider the flourishing identity to be dissident, hopeful and dynamic, they do not agree on all levels. According to "Purple Pencil" (Bigdellou, 2012), in Iranian and Eastern culture in general, the way out is based on the system of adaptation and the ideal self is based on the transcendence of the subject through pure love, family-centered, lasting relationships and life. This discourse severely undermines individuality, and strengthens marriage. It also ignores society by keeping silent. American culture recommends two types of dissent: one is for the inferior actor, and the other is for the superior actor. According to "Red: The Story of a Candle" (Hall, 2015), the dual subject is inferior, when it reaches a blossom that gives originality to self, not to its representation. This approach sees the way out, in the system of persuasion (self-persuasion), and believes in individualism, romantic incoherence, inviolability of privacy while cooperation, colloquialism and persuasion, temporary and not necessarily permanent relationships and coercion imposed by subjectivity. This discourse weakens the institutions of collective control (such as education, society, family, peer group), and empowers the individual. "The day the crayons stopped working" (Daywalt, 2013) sees the exit as an exploitation of the persuasion system. Hence, he considers the subordinate subject as an ideal when, as an actor within the system of persuasion, he considers the needs of the actors under his control. In other words, it has an identity such as politician, persuasive, flexible, community-oriented, free, expedient and creative. This discourse reinforces the institutions of social control (the pencil community, the education or teacher who gives a perfect grade, the police who dance), and in general, the discourse of power, but it knows flexibility.
 
 
References
Bigdlu. Q. (2013). Medād-e Banafsh. Tehran: E'lmi o Farhangi Publication. [in Persian].
Daywalt. D. (2016). Ruzi ke Medād Sh'amihā Dast az Kār Kashidand. Trans. Mahboubeh Najafkhani. Tehran: Z'Aferān Publication. [in Persian].
Hall. M. (2015). Red: A Crayon’s Story. New York: Greenwillow Books.
Landowski. E (1989). Reflective society (in French). Seuil.
Landowski. E (2005). Khatari interactions (in French). PULIM.
Moin, M. B. (2015). Meaning as lived experience (in Farsi). Sokhan.
Moin, M. B. (2017). The missing dimensions of meaning in classical narrative semiotics (in Farsi). Scientific and Cultural.
Zanjanbar, A.H. (2021). "Tatbiq-e Nezāmhā-ye Khandeh M'anāyi-e Adabiyāt-e Āmmeh va Adabiyāt-e Koudak az Manzare  Neshāneh-Ma'nā-Shenāsi-e Farhangi". Farhang o Adabiyāt-e Āmmeh. No. 36 (Vol. 8). Pp. 65- 97. [in Persian].
 
 

Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2025)
Abstract

L’analyse des mécanismes résultant de l'expérience abstraite ou de la rencontre sensorielle du sujet actif avec l'univers a été négligée du point de vue de la sémiotique classique et celui-ci résiste à des concepts tels que : « présence », « expérience », « corps » et « le sensible ». Landowski défend l’idée du sens constituée d’une condition à la présence et il introduit les quatre régimes d’espace dans lesquels le sens de discours dépend de l'interaction sensorielle-perceptive entre le sujet et le monde extérieur. Dans ses régimes, l’espace-tissu est en interaction avec la programmation, l’espace-volute se présente par l’ajustement, l’espace-abîme est manifesté par l’assentiment et l’espace-réseau est en rapport avec la manipulation. La question principale de cette recherche consiste aux régimes du sens de Landowski se présentant dans le texte littéraire. Pour trouver la réponse, cette recherche applique les régimes d’espace de Landowski à savoir l’espace-volute et l’espace-abîme sur La montagne du dieu vivant de J.M.G Le Clézio dont les récits mettent en scène de beaux passages sur l’interaction entre les personnages et les espaces différents. Cet article aurait pour objectif d’examiner l’interaction entre le sujet et l’espace dans un texte littéraire à partir de la théorie des régimes du sens de Landowski pour effectuer le pouvoir de l’espace sur la perception humaine. Par une analyse sémiotique, cet article montrera enfin la relation entre le sujet et l’espace tout en se basant sur les phrases du sujet parlant et l’espace qui l’a entouré. Cette relation produit un sens profond. 
 


Volume 16, Issue 4 (4-2025)
Abstract

Eric Landowski's semantic and interactive system based on four paradigms of "planning"; "Persuasion"; "Accident and adaptation" is based on the principles of "regularity", "intention", "chance" and "emotional", respectively. Naturally, it is possible to implement this model in epistemological and religious fields in which it is compatible with the interactive practices of the subjects, and based on this, the variety and difference of religious personality practices can be read with this model. Contract. One of the discourses in the Holy Quran is the conversations and interactive practices of Prophet Yusuf with other people in the surah. Relying on a descriptive-analytical method, this study seeks to examine the dialogues and interactive practices of Yusuf's story based on the theoretical framework of Eric Landowski and to explain the relationship between this model and the characters of Surah Yusuf. The general result of the research shows that the subjects and interactive practices are distinguished from each other on the basis of four semantic systems, and each of the characters in the story is adapted based on one of the four semantic systems. Is interception; Among them: It is the interactive practices of Prophet Yusuf (AS) that are based on the type of insight and ideology of the origin and destination of the universe, within the framework of the programmatic semantic system, and other characters are also based on the type of insight and goals. Which follow are debatable and applicable in one or two types of this semantic system.

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