Nastaran Shahbazi, Bahador Bagheri, Hosein Bayat,
Volume 13, Issue 51 (8-2020)
Abstract
According to some theories of narratology, occasionally the narrator and the viewer of fictional events may differ. Such theories coupled with fictions that have unconventional structures and are structurally rhetoric-oriented, makes the analysis of narrative increasingly intricate. "Khane Roshanan" from the collection of stories of the Nimeye Tarike Mah [The Dark Side of the Moon] by Houshang Golshiri is one of such stories. The narration of this story, with a structure based on the first-person plural point of view, along with the disruption of the chronological order and the ambiguities that exist in the process of understanding the narrator's identity, has made it difficult to identify narrators. Relying on the point of view of this story, this paper tried to examine the unique characteristics of narrators, which include the flow of awareness. Upon analysis it became apparent that the selection of the collective narrator has resulted in retaining the structural coherence of the story by keeping the narrative language coherent, despite the narrator's unbalanced awareness in different parts of the narration
Volume 17, Issue 67 (12-2020)
Abstract
Sociology of literature is one of the systematic and scientific efforts that helps to study literature. To examine the role of social structures in the production of literary works, Lucien Goldman chooses the method of evolutionary constructivism, which discusses the effects of creative structures. According to him, the literary text shows the links between the mental structures of literary realities and social realities. The author does not reflect the pure reflection of consciousness, but there is a strong connection between the categories raised in his work and his social consciousness. In this research, relying on the method of formative constructivism, the relationship between the characteristics of the main character of Golshiri's stories and the political, social and cultural conditions of the time of their writing is analyzed. This study shows that although Golshiri belongs to the middle class of society, by entering the privileged group of intellectuals, he has paid more attention to the issues and problems in this class, including political and reformist concerns, more than the general problems of the people. This, along with his party and political leanings, has led most of the main characters in his stories to be selected from the new, educated middle class. Therefore, political ideology is more prominent in its stories than other ideologies. In this context, Golshiri provides a vivid picture of political deceivers, expedient actions, and the fear and pessimism of political repression. In social ideology, the confrontation between poverty and wealth and its consequences and the boredom of the main characters from family and professional life are prominent. In cultural ideology, the tendency of the middle class and the intelligentsia to study socio-political works as well as the tendency of deprived and rural people to superstition and popular beliefs is evident. Finally, from the point of view of religious ideology, most of the main characters have a religious nature, and the author, by creating them, shows his critical and anti-sectarian view of this ideology.
