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Multiple theories are proposed in respect of cognitive linguistics among which, "conceptual metaphor" and "image schema" have the highest importance. image schemas are some structures of cognitive process which are formed because of the physical experience of human in contact to the external world and provide the possibility for understanding and analysis of abstract concepts. Image schema have different species such as, containment¬¬ Schemas , path Schemas , force Schemas. Cycle Schemas is one of the kinds of image schemas which can be formed by natural or conventional mapping. Abstract concepts of cycle schemas in the poems of Sa’di can be placed in to three categories: 1) request; 2)complaint; 3)desertion. And the abstract concepts of cycle schemas in the poems of Hafez can be placed in to three categories: 1) request; 2)complaint; 3)submission. The cognitive analyses obtained from the cycle schemas of these poets include: 1) sa’di’s understanding of time movement is liner and Hafez’s understanding of it is circular. 2) sa’di’s liner movement understanding indicates to realization and Hafez’s circular understanding indicates to his idealization. 3) Because of liner movement understanding Sa’di is placed in to tragic human-being group and due to circular movement understanding Hafez is regarded as spic human. 4) The form of the vocabularies’application and general structure of the poems indicate to the decentralization of Sa’di and centralization of Hafez.

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Aliakbar Bagheri Khalili, PH.D.
Manireh Mehrabi Kali
Abstract
 
From the perspective of Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961 AD), the collective unconscious, is the source of historical experiences and these experiences are manifested through ancient patterns. Mask, shadow, anima, animos and self/mandala, are the most ancient patterns which are also manifested in literary works.  Jung believes that the ancient patterns very effective in the formation and evolution of personality. According to this theory, contrasts and conflicts of personality types and social classes in the poems of Hafez are compatible to mask and shadow of Jung and dictums such as spoiled and distinctness are responsible to define the opposition of shadow mask are responsible. The most important masks of Khawaja Shams al-Din Muhammad are: guardian and, pious. In these shadows, Khawaja shows himself less than what it is, so that there is no or less than what will happen. It has been an attempt to achieve balance, follow through to perfection. In this way, he constructs "I", “mask” and “shadow” bring the unity of the personality of "knavish".
 
 

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Comparative literature is one of the attractive and very valuable and useful trends in the field of literary criticism, and because the methods of research in comparative literature are different and numerous, there are different schools; In such a way that each researcher chooses the appropriate school or method based on his research method. With the emergence of the theory of reception in the last decades of the 19th century, more attention was paid to the role of the reader and the approach of central perception or reception was formalized. One of the research topics in the field of perception theory is the perception of Persian poetry by Arabic language writers and artists. In this context, Hafez Shirazi has attracted the attention of writers and researchers in the field of literature in other languages, and Arabic-speaking writers have a significant contribution in understanding Hafez's poetry. Among the writers who have paid special attention to Hafez's poetry and presented their views in the form of poetry and prose are Ebrahim Amin Al-Shwarabi and Ali Abbas Zulikha. In this research, two writers' interpretations of Hafez's Ghazal 175 are presented and analyzed and compared, and finally, the writer's opinion is presented as the final opinion. In general, it can be said that Al-Shwarabi's interpretation of verses is more comprehensive than Zuleikha's, but in terms of emotions and feelings, Zuleikha's interpretation is superior to Al-Shwarabi's.