Showing 253 results for Aye
Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract
Rhetorical questions are those that, according to time and local condition, have a function, beyond rhe gaining awareness and information. In addition to having an interrogative structure, these sentences imply another meaning as the secondary meaning. But in some cases, according to a special textual context, the existence of one or more weak implicit meaning or meanings between the semantic superstructure in rhetorical questions and main implicit meaning, can be proved and caught. These weak implicit meanings can neither be ignored nor be considered as the main secondary meaning. Based upon that, the problem which is stated in this research is that, with regarding to the possibility of catching such implicit meaning(s) from rhetorical questions , what is the nature and statuse of these additional implicit questions? And assuming acceptance of their existence, whether the production of meaning in rhetorical questions is still instantly? or according to the proposed theory in this research, the production meaning approach in rhetorical questions includes some processes and levels?
The approach of this research is analytic-applied approach and case study in some poems of prominant persian poets that there is a positinal stop in the structure of these poems. The results of this research reveals that , based on the author's prediction, the production of meaning in rhetorical questions has a process approach with three levels, in which, a second meaning layer is produced between superstructure and main implicit meaning (third semantic layer), that can be named as mediator semantic layer.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract
In this study, 30 mental states were suggested to 50 theatre actors. They designed a specific physical form for each mental state. In this process, 2000 images from actors’ gestures were collected. Images was surveyed by 321 accidental audiences; and among all images, images achieving the highest rate were selected. Reliability and validity of selected images were evaluated by a software designing for mind-reading's test though body. This study achieved its results mentioned below through preparation, design, implementation, analysis, record of results of a mind-reading’s test.
According to statistical results, the body has an ability to convey the mental state. We can figure out individuals’ mental states through body forms. Based on Baron-Cohen’s study, 30 body forms were determined. The relation between mind-reading through body and eyes was analyzed. Selected images for designing a mind-reading’s test through body were identified, and its reliability and validity were confirmed.
In this study, the first archive of images representing mental states through actors’ bodies has been designed and prepared. In comparison to men, women have a better function in understanding of mental states. Furthermore, bodies can represent mental states better than eyes.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract
Ayat al-ahkam of prayer are verses in which divine commands about prayer are in the form of prescriptive discourse; But the point that is raised about such verses is that despite the rule of prescriptive discourse on them, in many of these verses, the actor is one of the components of inductive discourse (encouragement, threat, etc.) has also used; For this reason, in this research, it is the question of what function the inductive discourses have in these verses, and despite them, what kind of discourse structure does this category of commandment verses have? In this research, which was carried out with the analytical and applied method and based on the semiotic-semantics approach of Garmes, an attempt has been made to examine the 17 verses of the Qur'an, which are known as the commandments of prayer, from the point of view of prescriptive and inductive discourse, in order to determine how their discourse structure is. And the function of inductive discourses should also be clarified in these verses; The findings of this research show that the inductive discourses used in addition to the prescriptive discourse are anti-discourses that have provided semantic support to the performance of the prescriptive action by the actors in two ways, and their presence has created a unified system of prescription and induction in these verses. Is.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract
The poetries of Sheevan Foumani are various from the conceptual and functional views.These stylistic varieties in poetries represent the frequency of experience that by means of them the poet incorporates component of meaning to the linguistic community of poetries.He carries out the aim by using the symbolic units in a specific style.Since the most of his poetries are symbolic and symbols of poetries are manifested in the forms of attributes,identification,personalization,impersonalization,the current research aims at investigating the semantic components of poetries of Fokhos and Aghadar in accordance with sociolinguistics. Also, it aims at drawing discursive boundaries through the symbolic representation of social actors based on the discursive functions.Therefore, two combined models of socio-semantic of Van Leeuwan and semio-semantic of Paris have been chosen to achieve these goals.As a main purpose,this research investigates the features of the model of Van Leeuwan on poetries.Consequently,the critical approach of the semio-semantic analysis of Paris tries to explain the discursive boundaries of poetries. Primarily by implementing the model of Van Leeuwan on verses, the results of research indicated that the representation of social actors in two poetries has been mostly formed by the factor of impersonalization. Moreover, based on the saliency of impersonalization, the semio-semantic analysis of poetries is formed by instrumenting this component in the direction of creating discursive spaces and the result indicated that discursive functions of appeasement,resistance,and insistence are often organized in textual layers that are related to the subcomponents of impersonalization.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract
The phonetic layer is a linguistic concept that creates music in speech. Such musicality can be both external and internal and can be examined at the phonetic level of discourse. By analyzing rhythm, rhyme, and refrain, external music can be identified, while internal music can be discerned through the analysis of rhetorical devices such as assonance, punning, repetition. Furthermore, the musicality speech can be understood by investigating various processes such as metathesis, vowel shifting, syllable quantity, onomatopoeia, and archaic pronunciations, thereby taking the form of speech out of its ordinary and standard language form.
The importance of examining the phonetic layer lies in the fact that these linguistic components, in addition their aesthetic influence on speech sounds, enhance the prominence the text and contribute its stylistic distinctiveness.
Those Years is the title of a book written by Jafar Yahaghi, a researcher and professor of Persian language and literature, wherein he recounts his childhood, adolescence, and youth.
This research employs a descriptive layered stylistic approach to investigate the frequency of phonetic elements within the target text. By analyzing textual evidence explaining the recurrence of phonetic patterns, the study aims identify the stylistic characteristics of the work under study. components such as onomatopoeia, assonance
Due to the author’s dedication, interest, commitment to using local dialect to convey his message, he skillfully incorporates phonetic elements without sacrificing meaning for form. Statistical analysis indicates suggests that phonetic and repetition are more prevalent than other linguistic features, making them defining characteristics of the text’s style.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (2-2024)
Abstract
Discursive semiotics is an innovative approach to text analysis that uncovers complex layers of meaning by examining the relationships between signs, discourse, and context. This approach, in addition to analyzing the structure of the text, emphasizes semantic interactions and the role of linguistic and non-linguistic elements in meaning production. The Quran, with its rich semantic content and linguistic complexity, provides a suitable framework for applying this approach, enabling a deeper understanding of its discursive and semantic dimensions.
This study analyzes verse 259 of Surah Al-Baqarah from the perspective of discursive semiotics, aiming to explore representations of concepts such as collapse, divine re-creation, wonder, and faith. The central question of this research is: How can a multi-layered and dynamic narrative of human interaction with divine power in verse 259 be revealed through discursive and semiotic dimensions? This investigation seeks to provide an experience that, beyond its apparent meaning, offers a deeper and more sensory connection for the audience.
The research method is qualitative-analytical, based on the discursive semiotics approach. In this method, the verse is deconstructed into various semantic layers, and the relationships between these layers are analyzed in the process of meaning production and their impact on the audience.
The results demonstrate that this verse, through the combination of discursive and semantic layers, creates a foundation for uncovering hidden meanings and establishing a deeper connection with the audience.
Volume 0, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Aim and Introduction:
A growing body of research highlights the bidirectional relationship between conflict and economic performance. Findings indicate that economic decline—particularly severe recessions that reduce income levels, exacerbate inequalities, and intensify widespread economic distress—can fuel social unrest and internal conflicts. Periods characterized by a high risk of government collapse are associated with significantly lower rates of economic growth compared to more politically stable periods. Although such violent events may not occur frequently, they are prevalent worldwide and have affected numerous countries.
The Middle East, in particular, has long been afflicted by internal unrest, persistent conflicts, and intra- and intergovernmental tensions—all of which adversely influence national economies. Political economy literature underscores a complex interplay between political forces and economic direction, suggesting that political instability can disrupt economic continuity and hinder economic growth—a central indicator of national economic performance.
Accordingly, the primary objective of this study is to model the effects of political instability and conflict on economic growth in a sample of developing and developed countries, namely Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Russia, the United States, India, China, and Canada.
Methodology:
This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach with practical applications, relying on secondary data collected through documentary research. The analytical method employed is the Bayesian Markov Switching Panel Regression, which effectively captures symmetric and asymmetric effects across different economic regimes.
The selected countries—spanning both developed and developing contexts—include Iran, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, which have historically faced political tension and oil revenue fluctuations, as well as Russia, Canada, the United States, India, and China. The inclusion of India and China reflects their status as major global energy consumers. These countries were chosen based on their exposure to international tensions and their substantial influence on the global energy landscape.
The study period covers 1990 to 2020. The Markov switching panel framework enables the model to differentiate the impact of explanatory variables across distinct economic regimes. For instance, political stability may influence economic growth differently during recessionary periods compared to times of economic expansion. The variables analyzed include conflict intensity, political instability, oil income, population growth, foreign direct investment, life expectancy, government expenditure, budget deficits, trade openness, and the governance quality index.
Results and Discussion:
The analysis reveals that conflict and economic instability exert statistically significant effects on economic growth across both recession and growth regimes. In the recession regime, the coefficients for conflict and instability are 0.17% and 0.12%, respectively, while in the growth regime, they are slightly lower at 0.16% and 0.11%. Although both variables remain significant in both regimes, their influence is more pronounced during recessions, implying that political instability and conflict are more detrimental to growth when the economy is already underperforming.
These findings are consistent with prior research by Ashenfelter and Troeger (2006), Gaybulov and Sandler (2019), and Bart et al. (2021). Additionally, variables such as oil income, population growth, foreign direct investment, life expectancy, government expenditure, trade openness, and governance quality all exhibit positive and statistically significant effects on economic growth in both regimes.
The dominant economic regime identified in the study is the growth regime. Notably, with the exception of Iraq, Iran, and Saudi Arabia, the other countries analyzed have been experiencing economic growth in recent years. This observation underscores the correlation between political stability and sustained economic performance.
Conclusion:
The findings of this research emphasize the critical role of political stability in fostering a robust and resilient economic environment. A stable political climate is not only essential for social cohesion but also serves as a prerequisite for sustained economic growth and development. Policymakers are thus encouraged to invest in institutional reforms, infrastructure development, and inclusive governance frameworks that enhance citizens’ participation in decision-making processes. These measures can significantly contribute to both political stability and long-term economic prosperity in the countries under study.
Volume 1, Issue 1 (7-2004)
Abstract
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract
Linguistic stylistics is one of the modern linguistic approaches to text analysis, which analyzes the unique expression style of a given text as well as the goal and effect of adopting that style. It is maintained in this approach that each text has specific linguistic features, which, on the one hand, gives uniqueness to the text, and makes the text categorized in a category with a number of other texts on the other. From stylistic point of view, regarding a number of shared features, two texts can be categorized in the same category, referred to as “text genre”. However, two texts can be distinguished based on a number of their features. Since text is the aim in translation, a process in which a text is rendered into another language, it is plausible to consider text translation as reconstructing the linguistic features of the source text to the form of target language elements in a relative way. In layer stylistics approach, text features are studied in five layers, namely phonological, lexical, grammatical, semantic, and pragmatic. On the basis of this approach, the present study focuss on the lexical layer of Ḥadīth texts, as one of the religious texts genre. We shall further deal with five aspects of the style-making lexical features of Ḥadīth texts; then we shall investigate the methods, challenges, and tools of reconstructing such features in Persian. In the present study, a number of Ḥadīth s of Behar-al-Anvar shall be analyzed as the special cases of our discussion.
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Volume 2, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
In human-made materials, aerogels have the least thermal conduction coefficient. The least thermal conduction, which aerogels can have, is equivalent to air conduction, about 0.021W/mK. In some applications, lowest conductions is to be needed. In this study, novolac aerogles are used as spacer, for designing and making multilayer super insulators with aluminum foil reflective layers. The performance of these insulators, are extremely depends on density, porosity and the size of pores in aerogel and number of layers in the overall thickness of insulator. In this study, for decreasing effective thermal conduction of multilayer insulations, tow parameters of density of aerogel and ratio of number of layers to thickness of insulator (layer density), are examined in 25 ˚C to 200 ˚C boundary conditions. First, by assessment of aerogel novolac density effect on thermal conduction, aerogel with density of 0.076 g/cm3 was chosen as the best spacer. In the next part, ratio of 25 layer per centimeter of thickness was chosen as the best layer density. Finally, by making multilayer super insulators, based on this results, an insulator with 5×10-4W/mK effective thermal conductivity was obtaind without evacuation of spacer.
Volume 3, Issue 3 (10-2012)
Abstract
With the advent of linguistic researches in the early seventies on the conditions of the women in language, an overwhelming turn came into the sociolinguistics. The most important rationale behind this attitude was the surge in Feminist movements in the modern times. Women authors strongly believe that masculine/male literature reinforces traditional sexual clichés and that in their works, portrays women as dependent and victim. They contend that the image depicted by men in their works of women is more frequently than not unrealistic. In other words, women/females in most of the literary works are considered as “others” to men/males and, henceforth, in male-dominated literature, the women question and the women experience are not dealt with. Quite on the contrary, the role assumed for women is what men ascribe to them and deem more suitable. This led to women arguing that, since they are endowed with special biological features and feminine experiences like sympathizing, cooperation, sensitivity and special power to observe, they are more likely to convey a special aspect of femininity to the reader, which is absent from male/masculine writing/écritude. Female writers in Iran could establish their place in writing fictional works and, hence, be widely received by the audience. This paper, via applying the Theory of Language and Social Semiotics, tries to delve into two novels: ‘Sovashon-by Simin Daneshvar-and ‘Adat mikonim'-by Zoya Pirzad. The methodology is descriptive-analytic. This paper substantiates the claim that women in different strata (syntactic, semantic and cognitive) of these two novels struggle to represent their identity in various ways.
Volume 3, Issue 5 (12-2014)
Abstract
Two species of Pratylenchoides recovered from the grasslands in Sabalan region and one species recovered from natural habitats of Tehran are illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characters. The first species, P. crenicauda is characterized mainly by its lip region with three-four annuli, lateral field with four incisures areolated throughout the length and having rod shaped sperm cells. It is further distinguished by the positions of the pharyngeal glands nuclei. P. magnicauda was found in Tehran and its morphological characters and phylogenetic relations with other species are discussed. The Iranian populations of P. variabilis are characterized by three lip annuli, stylet 20-22 µm long, four and six incisures in lateral field, rounded sperm and one of the pharyngeal glands nuclei located posterior to pharyngo-intestinal valve. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the partial sequences of D2-D3 segment of 28S rDNA revealed the three sequenced species are separate from each other and form a clade with high (1.00) Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) in Bayesian inference (BI) and 86% bootstrap support value (BS) in maximum likelihood (ML) analyses with other two sequenced species of the genus for this genomic region.
Volume 3, Issue 6 (11-2015)
Abstract
Aghayed al Nesa written by Agha Jamal Khansari is one of the precious works pertaining to the folk literature. This book is regarded as one of the important sources to know about women in the Safavid period. Not only This book reflects women’s beliefs and behavior but also the relation among women and others in the society. Regardless of its conceptual importance, the book has a major structural feature. It has been composed in parodic form. Parody is one of the neglected satire forms and needs to be studied more. Study and analysis of this text will be done by reference to the first and second sources, and will show its value and importance
Volume 3, Issue 9 (3-2006)
Abstract
Bagheri. B. ,PH.D
Abstract:
Latayef-al-tavayef, valuable literary work of fakhr-al-din Ali Safi , is one of the most important Iranian fictions which,because of containing
short,satiric and admonitory tales, has a special and important position in Persian literature. In the academic associations and researches, most of classic texts, particularly fiction texts, are only examined from the view point of philological aspects and less examined from the view point of fiction nature. This essay examines and analyzes four fiction related elements including character, theme and narration and narrator and dialogue. In the character related section, we examine the tales of latayef-al-tavayef from six view points(character’s numbers,character’s
gender, character’s social classes, their jobs and occupation, their internal and external disorders and their main and important characteristics.
In the second section, we examine the subjects and themes of tales divided to four parts of political, social, moral, religious and artistic themes.
All the information, presented in the two parts of character and themes, are based on the statistics, numbers and schedules showing exactly the frequency of presence of any case. No generalization and personal statement have been used by us. we try to prepare a brief study and knowledge based paper by using the exact statistic and figures.
In chapter three and four of the essay, "narration and narrator" and "dialogue" are studied. I hope that the results of this research will be useful in literature sociology studies, especially that of Iran in 9th and 10th century.
Arezoo Najafiyan, Hayat Ameri,
Volume 3, Issue 10 (12-2010)
Abstract
Abstract Knowledege of ' VOJUH' is a branch Quranic studies which is used in Quranic searches and interpretations.
Volume 4, Issue 1 (9-2004)
Abstract
In this paper, a generalized method for accurate full-wave analysis of shielded MIC's and the three-layer microstrip structure enclosed in a rectangular cavity based on Mixed Potential Integral Equation (MPIE) derived in real space have been developed. Method of moments (MoM) with Galerkin technique has been used for the solution of the integral equation to obtain the surface electric currents distribution on the conductors. An accurate de-embedding procedure for the characterizing electric currents distribution and extracting S parameters based on pencil of matrix technique are employed. A new numerical technique for fast convergence of the double infinite series expansion of the MoM solution has been considered. A computer program implementing the analysis has been written in Fortran on a personal computer. Several types of microstrip discontinuities such as Open-end, bend, collinear Broadside Coupled Line (BCL) and crossover is analyzed and numerical results are presented and compared with both previously published data and the results found by HP-HFSS software.
Volume 4, Issue 2 (10-2020)
Abstract
Abstract:
Research subject: In water injection process, part of the surface active agents that are naturally present in oil can be dissolved in injected water. The presence of these substances affects the surface phenomena of the three phase water-oil-rock system. The effect of these substances on modification of the ionic composition of injected water has been less investigated in previous studies.
Research approach: In this paper, first, the effects of acidic compounds in crude oil and connate water composition on initial wettability of carbonate rock were investigated. Then to investigate the wettability changes of oil-wet calcite rock, single-salt aqueous solutions of MgCl2, CaCl2, KCl, and Na2SO4 having concentrations of 0.1 to 1 molar were used.
Oil–water interfacial tension (IFT) for distilled water and salt waters in various concentrations were measured and compared. Variations of calcite rock surface properties were investigated by contact angle measurement after aging of thin sections in oil and salt waters.
Main results: Results indicated that by increasing ion concentration and ionic strength of salt waters, IFT decreases due to dissolution of acidic compounds of oil at the interface of oil and water. Moreover, for high content of acidic compounds in the oil, Magnesium ion has the most impact on reducing IFT and altering the rock wettability. So that by increasing the concentration up to 1 molar, IFT and contact angle decrease to 1 mN/m and 42 degrees, respectively.
Contact angle measurements revealed that the composition of connate water is effective in changing the initial wettability of the rock, and formation of ionic-organic layer adjacent to the rock surface is one of the most important factors in wettability alteration. The presence of Magnesium ion in connate water decreases the contact angle to 145 degrees and causes the rock surface to become more water wet.
Also, increasing solubility of oil-soluble acidic compounds in the aqueous phase has a significant effect on the rock wettability. The experimental results showed that the interaction between ions in the aqueous phase, especially the divalent ions, and surface active agents (carboxylic acid) determine the surface behavior of water in contact with oil and rock.
Keywords: Wettability, IFT, Acidic oil, Divalent ions, Ionic-organic layer
Volume 4, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
In this study an agar/gelatin bilayer film was produced from agar and gelatin monolayers using the casting method in two phases. Then, the characteristics of this bilayer film, including water vapor permeability (WVP), water solubility, water absorption, mechanical and optical properties were compared with those of monolayer films. The results showed that WVP of the bilayer film (3.25×10-10 g/msPa) was significantly lower than the agar (3.90 × 10-10 g/msPa), and gelatin (4/32×10-10 g/msPa). Absorption of UV light by bilayer film was significantly higher than the single-layer agar and gelatin films. Although the tensile strength of the bilayer film (10.8 MPa) was higher than the single-layer gelatin (2.86 MPa), it was lower than the single layer of agar film (30.49 MPa) (P<0.05). In conclusion, some properties of agar and gelatin films can be improved by making bilayers film of both biopolymers.
Volume 4, Issue 4 (12-2013)
Abstract
In Haliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), there are three metafunctions that actually are three semantic layers of clauses of a language; being aware of them are important in transferring meaning in the process of translation. Regarding the crucial importance of transferring meaning faithfully in translation, particularly meanings beyond the propositional meaning of an utterance, here, we study the semantic changes of the structures termed “predicated themes” in SFG. Data investigation revealed that in ideational, interpersonal, textual and also information structure of many predicated themes translated into Persian, we see changes that sometimes have ended in missing of some important parts of meaning. In case of being aware of the different semantic layers of structures like predicated themes, many of these kinds of semantic changes are avoidable; consequently, it is possible to transfer meaning of the source language more faithfully to the target language. Therefore, the main goal of this article is to investigate the semantic changes of predicated themes in the process of translation. The next goal of the research is providing some ways for minimizing these kinds of changes.
