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Narratives have many layers of meaning. These semantic layers encompass intra-discourse systems and represent their changes and developments. Eric Landowski sought to achieve the missing links of meaning in narrative contexts by designing semantic systems. Contexts that show discourse and narrative actions. According to Landowski's four semantic systems, which are emphasized in this study, namely, the system of "abyss and spinning ", it is possible to decipher the signs in the text and the relationship between these signs and each other and the author's worldview. The present study, based on a descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to achieve subtle and coherent layers of meaning in the novel Symphony of the Dead by Abbas Maroufi. Given the mastery of the author in creating works with the fluid flow of the mind in this study, we aim to show how the subjects are intertwined with the world around them and as they are opening up, their emotions and to some extent their destiny to another spreads. Also, by analyzing the abyss system, we come to the point that the subject cannot shape his own destiny alone, and after he finds himself incapable, he is forced to accept what luck has for him.
 

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One of the significant elements in the formation of narrative structure is the sequence of its events which is explored under the umbrella term of temporal element. Abbas Maroufi’s novel Peykar-e farhadis a work in which real and imaginative times are what narrative is based upon. The novelist relates, in the novel’s surface structure, one single story in three different temporal frames, yet breaks the narrative linearity, so that for the most part the existing relations and temporal order of events remain obscure and, consequently, time, losing its quantitative value, fades away in the narrative. The current paper attempts to survey the order of events and narrative temporality in addition to studying how the author, by deploying some features of stream of consciousness, has narrated the mental structure as well as confusion of the novel’s female character. These features range from temporal and spatial turbulence, free association, author’s textual removal, and assigning a role to the reader in narration act due to direct displaying of disturbed subjectivities as well as uncensored stream-of-consciousness memories—being the same as pre-lingual mental layers—to utilizing internal monologue and soliloquy in some parts of the story, poeticness, mental obscurity and difficulty of finding the decisively right meaning for the novel with the purpose of developing a particular narrative technique.

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One of the texts that has played an important role in the conception of Maroufi’s Symphony of the Dead (1989) is Ardabil dar Gozargah-e Tarikh[1] by Baba Safari (1920-2003). The two texts are so much interwoven that at times it becomes impossible to distinguish Safari’s voice from Maroufi’s. Although Marouf’s novel is not a historical one, it depicts the events occurring in Ardabil between 1934 and 1976.  At first look, Ardabil seems to be whatconnects the two works. But beyond this, Maroufi not only reconstructs some of the historical events narrated in this book, but also creates some of his fictional characters borrowing from the descriptions of the historical figures that Safari has brought into life in his book. This article studies the influence of Safari’s historical work on Maroufi’s novel.  
[1]. Ardabil in the Passageway of History

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The Iranian TV series, Gohar-e Kamāl (1998), is written and directed by Abbas Ranjbar and was shown on IRIB. Parts of this TV series resemble Abbas Maroufi’s novel Sāl-e Balvā (1992); nevertheless, there are no references to this novel in the credits of the show. This article studies Maroufi’s novel and Gohar-e Kamāl and points out some possible influences of Maroufi’s novel on Ranjbar’s series. As the screenwriter, Ranjbar borrows certain phrases and dialogues from the novel. Furthermore, some of his characters, such as “Raziye Nobakht,” “Hatam Khanpour,” and “Ghobad” are modeled after characters such as “Noushafarin Niloufari,” “Hosseina Kouzeh-gar” and “Dr. Masoum” from the novel. However, certain themes and motifs of the novel have been modified so that they comply with the cultural norms of society.

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Abstract
This study aims at extracting, classifying and analyzing the functions of describing the buildings in the novel “The Year of Turmoil” by Abbas Maroufi. Then it explores these functions in the formation of structure, as a result of its subsequent effects on the text and its relation with the reader. The findings of the study indicate that the architecture and the presence of buildings play the role as active elements in various dimensions of this novel. These functions can be categorized as follows: the realistic function of buildings in the story; the effect of buildings on the plot of the story; the role of buildings in space and scenery; the sympathetic and nostalgic effect of describing the buildings; the effect on developing characters and characterization; architecture; the regulative element of events and event; the identity-creator element of architecture. This case study not only examines the narrative style of such famous authors like Maroufi and the role of architecture in his works, but also it can unfold the relation between architecture and literature which is extensively represented in a Persian fiction.

Extended Abstract
This study aims at extracting, classifying and analyzing the functions of describing the buildings in the novel “The Year of Turmoil” by Abbas Maroufi. Then it explores these functions in the formation of structure, as a result of its subsequent effects on the text and its relation with the reader.
One of the materials utilized by storytellers is the architectural elements in the complex structure of the story. This usage has been manifested in various forms in narrative texts, including the creation of atmosphere, as an effective element in identifying or developing characters, and sometimes even as a component of the narrative plot and as an element of verification.
Architecture is widely used in Abbas Maroufi's novel “The Year of Turmoil”; therefore, it was chosen as a case to probe into the capacities and functions of describing buildings in Persian fiction. As exposing the codes and the elements of the intertwined structure of this novel with architecture is being discussed, the aim is to achieve a model to conduct a comprehensive research on the relationship between architecture and literature, a relationship which is overlooked by the researchers despite its significance.
This article is an interdisciplinary comparative study that analyzes atmosphere and architectural elements and their effect on the elements of the story using a qualitative and inductive method. To understand the function of describing the buildings in this work and consequently in fiction, first the types of buildings in various sorts of stories based on the relationship between the text and the real world were discussed: 1. using a real building in a real story; 2. using a real building in a fictional story; 3. using an imaginary building in a real story; and 4. using an imaginary building in a fictional story. According to this classification, the events, characters, and the buildings in “The Year of Turmoil” are all imaginary. Therefore, “Maroufi” is the omnipotent creator of the world of his narration, and thus, the architect of the buildings in this novel.
Based on the analysis, the functions of the description of the building and interior spaces in the novel “The Year of Turmoil” are as follows:
1. Using the building for verification by describing the exterior and interior spaces of the building to reflect the historical and cultural background of the assumed society and to imagine the events of the story as real by relying on the reader’s experience of the elements of the traditional atmosphere;
2. The effect of buildings on the plot of the story due to the effect of place and buildings on the causal relationship with other elements;
3. The role of buildings in creating atmosphere and crafting scenes; as the author in this novel, relying on his own spatial experience and also his reader’s, has made the sequence of the events understandable and accessible by depending on atmosphere creating and scene crafting and using buildings and architectural space;
4. Studying the influence on character development and characterization as in the relationship between the individual and the atmosphere in which they live or to which they react;
5. Influencing the reader by creating a sympathetic and nostalgic sense for a better understanding of the atmosphere and empathy with the characters of the novel;
6. Using descriptions, the author creates a relationship between events and atmosphere through a pattern of repetition of events, which is used to embed the critical points of the story, and using atmosphere as a place at which various and sometimes unusual events occur can be justified. Identifying the real place by using the building and imaginary events are also other functions of describing the building in this story.