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Showing 57 results for Fiction
Volume 12, Issue 1 (1-2005)
Abstract
Fictional names have been one of the most important and serious topics in the contemporary philosophy of language and metaphysics.Several questions such as “Do fictional names refer to any objects?” “Are fictional characters existent objects?” have resulted in a considerable literature of philosophy. In this essay, we will follow two objectives. First we will describe and elaborate the ideas of three great philosophers who believe that fictional names are genuine and proper names which do refer to existent fictional characters. Second we will criticize the theories of two philosophers (Peter Van Inwagen and Saul Kripke’s theories) and will eventually defend the third i.e. Nathan Salmon’s theory of fictional names. Through the issues we will presuppose direct reference theory as our main semantic theory for proper names .
Volume 12, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
The theory of possible worlds presents a model for narrative semantics. This essay focuses on the use of possible worlds’ theory in narrative semantics with interdisciplinary approach. Conception of narration based on possible worlds’ perspective is the main purpose of this paper. Based on this perspective, plot is not only textual actual worlds which some events occur in it, but also include possible worlds which without regarding them, narrative semantics will remain incomplete. Such perspective is derived of semantics of modal logic; therefore, for explanation of this perspective attention to modal logic is necessary. Contemporary
semantic theories have three main branches: philosophical, formal and linguistic semantics. Linguistic semantics uses formal semantics as a semantic logic in order to make clear how the study of meaning is. In this essay it will be illustrated that logical semantics can be applied in narrative semantics. Consequently, if the readers include private worlds of characters or fictional minds’ worlds and various possible worlds in their reading, they will get more complete and more profound conception in reading narrative text, because a fiction is considered as a complete modal system and the mental representations of characters is equal with the PWs of a modal system. Some of accomplishments got, through foreshadowing to meaning of narrative text on the basis of this model, are the redefinition of plot and conflict notion. In order to apply this model in a narrative text, the binary Wandering Island and Wandering Cameleer novels by Simin Daneshvar has been chosen.
1. Introduction
The theory of possible worlds presents a model for narrative semantics. This essay focuses on the use of possible worlds’ theory in narrative semantics with interdisciplinary approach. Concept of narration based on possible worlds’ perspective is the main purpose of this paper. Based on this perspective, plot is not only textual actual worlds which some events occur in it, but also include possible worlds which without considering them, narrative semantics will remain incomplete. Such perspective is derived from semantics of modal logic; therefore, for explanation of this perspective attention to modal logic is necessary. Contemporary semantic theories have three main branches: philosophical, formal and linguistic semantics. Linguistic semantics uses formal semantics as a semantic logic in order to make clear how the study of meaning is. In this essay it will be illustrated that formal semantics can be applied in narrative semantics. By making interdisciplinary connections between semantic method in formal logic and its use in narrative semantics, a helpful correspondence was made between this method and how to explain meaning in narration. Before that narratologists use formal semantics in studying narrative semantics, linguistics had the benefit of this method to study meaning in language. Linguistics in linguistic semantics branch used the conception of possible world in semantics of modal logic and formal semantics to understand and explain the meaning. In this essay, it has been represented how narratologists have used this method to clear the ways for construction of the meaning of narration. The main question of this research is to determine what is the process of construction of the meaning in narration in the light of possible worlds’ prospective? And based on this, how the classical definitions of some narrative elements are redefined? And why? The importance of this subject lies in the significant place of concept of possible worlds in literary theory and illuminate the meaning of narrative from a new aspect. This concept is used in four area of literary theory: 1) theory and semantic of fictionality 2) theory of typology of fictional worlds 3) narrative semantics and 4) postmodernism poetics. Contemplation and research in every of these aspects needs a distinct research but now this essay is about the use of concept of possible worlds in narrative semantic domain because of its special use in understanding the meaning of narrative. This essay clears out that the concept of narrative on the basis of possible worlds’ perspective has effect on understanding the meaning of narrative more completely and thoroughly. Among narratologists, one of the preeminent figure who worked in this area and tried for conception of the fiction in form of a complete modal system was Mari Lure Ryan. Therefore, this essay focuses on Ryan’s collection of works from the methodological point of view. If we look at the meaning of narrative in terms of concept of possible worlds, in order to understand the logic of acts of fiction correctly, in narrative semantics we must consider potential events in characters’ mind that they think about alongside factual events which happen in story world. From this point of view, characters’ mental representations are understood as possible worlds of a modal system. Accordingly, textual actual world is the center of our “system of reality” and non-actual possible worlds also exist in this modal system of realism. Analysis of concept of a narrative is done in terms of its fundamental components and private worlds of characters is one the most important components of the meaning of a narrative. Therefore, how to understand the meaning of a fiction is directly related to whether include the fictional possible worlds or not. This attitude provides a special understanding of the dynamics of narrative acts. By considering fictional possible worlds (which include: wish world, obligations world, goals and plans world and fantasies world) in meaning of plot of narrative. In this new attitude, the plot of a fiction is the movement of different and various worlds in textual universe and in fact, it’s the complex and intricate connections among these textual actual and non-actual worlds that keep the engine of narrative machine on and add to its dynamism. In the same way, conflict as another important narrative factor, also is no longer traditionally defined as the problem or contrast between good or evil forces. For practical explanation of issues, two novels by Simin Daneshvar have been chosen: Wandering Island and Wandering Cameleer. Actually in these two fictional worlds only occurs one plotline (ATW) but many other plots (possible worlds or other alternative situations) parallel to actual fictional world are moving in story world which in no way without them the meaning of fiction can be understood. There are possible or suppressed plots in these two stories that a shadow of their tracks is shown in narrative but they remain unfinished and incomplete. Understanding the more complete meaning of these plot stories depends on considering this suppressed plotline. Possible worlds that “Hasti” could make them real but it did not happen. Conflict is also evident in possible worlds of characters in Wandering Island and Wandering Cameleer. In plot of this story the character who has least success in resolving his conflicts by aligning all his private possible worlds with textual actual world is "Salim". Consequently, if the readers include private worlds of characters or fictional minds’ worlds and various possible worlds, they will get more complete and more profound conception in reading narrative text, because a fiction is considered as a complete modal system and the mental representations of characters are equal with the PWs of a modal system. Some of accomplishments got, through foreshadowing to meaning of narrative text on the basis of this model, are the redefinition of plot and conflict notion. Understanding the story from the perspective of possible worlds’ theory sheds new light on the conception of the meaning of narrative, story conflict, personality psychology, fictionallity of events, genre studies and so on.
Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
Studying the mutual relationship between literature and cinema and the emergence of the characteristics of each of these two arts in the other has been the focus of interest of many researchers in these two categories. Examining the cinematic potential of literary works has been the focus of scholars for nearly a decade. Authors of literary works, by knowing cinematic elements and using them in their works, make their works dynamic, and filmmakers, by adapting these successful literary works, find enduring themes and present them to their audiences. Most film adaptations are based on novels. Youssef Zidane is one of the authors whose visual abilities are evident in his novels dedicated to cinema. In this research, an attempt was made to analyze the text of the story of the sheikh in prison using the descriptive analytical approach and the comprehensive approach. Our goal in this research is to analyze the structure and content of the aforementioned novel and show aspects of its quotation from different angles. The results of the aforementioned research indicate that this novel has great potential for cinematic adaptation and screenwriting due to its cinematic structure, its accuracy in describing details, its directing and dramatic dialogues, and its ability to be serialized.
Mehdi Saeedi,
Volume 13, Issue 49 (12-2020)
Volume 13, Issue 49 (12-2020)
Abstract
In the last few decades, the events and developments in both Iranian society and the world have led to the formation of women’s fiction writing in diaspora. In these stories, the protagonists are mostly women and, in contrary to traditional structures, women are not defined in relation to men, rather, following a deconstructive method, women’s views are considered as core views and the stories are narrated through their viewpoints to the world and also to the men. The current paper has indicated that these writers had maintained a relation between introducing women’s world to their readers and preserving the aesthetics in their stories. Regarding themes, some have incorporated feminine narratives to represent political issues, while others focused on identity issues and portrayed women as knowing subjects. Therefore, first person narrator is mostly adopted in these stories, enabling them to focus on the protagonist’s inner thoughts. In other words, it could be said that the writer is embodied in the first person narrator, the protagonist. Other themes include stories about sexual matters and narratives on everyday lives. The last category is mostly considered as pop literature and, though lacking a strong narrative structure, has attracted a significant readership
Saeed Hesampoor, Fahimeh Heidary Jamebozorgi,
Volume 13, Issue 52 (12-2020)
Volume 13, Issue 52 (12-2020)
Abstract
“Rostam in the Twenty-second Century”, written by Sanatizadeh Kermani, is the first science fiction novel in Iran. Noteworthy, science fiction is widely known as a genre in children's literature in Iran. The current paper attempted to examine various aspects of this novel, regarding its genre and also identify its readers. For this purpose, the main components of the genre, namely science, imagination, materialism, novum, prediction and nostalgia along with three components identified by the researchers, which are taboo-breaking, hopefulness and empowerment, were employed to analyze the novel. The results showed that the novel seeks to address issues such as the pursuit of happiness in modernity, the power of modern man, and even resurrection of the dead, with the aim of comparing tradition and modernity, and it generally targets adults as its readers. Therefore, it could be said that the novel was written for adults, but since the youngsters are very well acquainted with technology these days, it can also be suitable for adolescents as well. Moreover, by focusing on the scientific and imaginative aspect of the novel, it became apparent that although this novel does not employ a specific scientific justification for the probability of the events, it has applied imagination to an area which is beyond human power. In conclusion, the novel can be considered as a science fiction story as it creates a novum that led readers to alienation
Volume 13, Issue 54 (3-2017)
Abstract
The results of this study show that, fictional scenario has simple language. Unlike shot by shot scenarios which are based on camera movement, these types of scenarios demonstrate narrative elements. This literary genre has tenfold difference with novel, documentaries and animations. This genre benefits from four distinct systems: 1. the system of action (character’s action / action of plot –space / time and action of displacement / the link between two spaces) 2. The system of non-verbal behaviors of characters.3. Phonetic system 4. The system of music. To investigate and analyze these systems, among three compiled children scenarios of 1360s, fictional scenario entitled “small wishes “has been selected.
Mehdi Ebrahimi Lame, Saber Emami, Seyed Mohsen Hashemi,
Volume 15, Issue 59 (9-2022)
Volume 15, Issue 59 (9-2022)
Abstract
Nativism is a modern term that emerged in parallel with the process of the independence and liberation of the eastern colonized countries from the domination of the western colonialist countries and at the same time, it emerged in various fields, including fiction. By examining the various definitions of this term and the way they are used in all kinds of literary research, it can be seen that choosing any of these definitions can easily change or deviate the research process and its results. In other words, the lack of a precise and practical definition of nativism can be considered the most important challenge and shortcoming of studies related to this field. In order to achieve such a definition, this article has analyzed and found the roots of the meaning of nativism in Iranian fiction from 1285 to 1400 in a descriptive and analytical way. In this way, at the beginning of the research, all presuppositions about nativism were ignored; then this term was analyzed from social, intellectual and literary aspects. The research results showed that nativism is different from Native writing and other similar concepts in terms of meaning and function. Also, in the redefining of this term, as the most important finding of the research, it was found that nativism in fiction is a two-faceted reaction that deals with both native and colonial components at the same time.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Nativism is a modern term that is linked with concepts such as identity, culture, colonialism, modernity and other. The connection of nativism with these concepts, while revealing the extent of its dimensions and practical aspects, has provided various and different definitions of this concept to researchers, which depending on the way these definitions are applied in studies, may lead to different and possibly conflicting results. Therefore, providing a correct and accurate definition of nativism should be considered as the most important part of research related to this category. Among the various sources that have dealt with nativism and its various dimensions, nativist stories have always been of special importance. The importance of these works from various aspects such as xenophobia, showing the aspects of colonialism and its consequences, revealing the perspective of Iranian story writers against foreign domination, and finally recognizing the components and manifestations of nativism in stories have always been worthy of attention. This importance doubles when we know that in addition to the connection with the mentioned concepts, nativism has an inseparable connection with other social components such as culture, language, religion, history, politics and geography of Iran. In any case, in order to start research in the field of nativism, it is necessary to provide a precise definition of it at the beginning, and then based on that, works should be selected and various aspects of nativism would be examined. In this regard, this paper examines the roots of the meaning of nativism in Iranian fiction through the description and analysis of social, literary and intellectual aspects in the constitutional time period until 1400 AD. There is a need to remind that until now, there has been no significant and specific research on the meaning of nativism in Iranian fiction literature, and its vacancy as a foundational research for other literary researches is quite noticeable.
Methodology
This research seeks to provide a detailed and practical redefinition of the concept of nativism in Iranian fiction based on previous studies and existing stories. The research method in this paper is based on data description and analysis; It means collecting data from various sources (documentary study) and deducing from data through description, comparison and logical reasoning.
Results and Findings
Analyzing the meaning of nativism in contemporary Iranian fiction and finding a precise and practical definition for it was the most important goal of this research, and to answer it, the concept of nativism was examined from social, literary and intellectual aspects. The results of this research show that nativism has two origins and two main approaches. the anti-colonial approach with eastern origin, which is mainly related to Asian, African, Latin American countries and Iran; and the anti-immigration approach with Western origins, which is mainly related to the United States and European countries. One of the other findings of this research is the revelation of the semantic difference between the term nativism and other similar concepts, which was examined and analyzed in a separate section. But the most important results of this research are related to the characteristics of nativist stories and its components. We can generally see that nativism is a conscious reaction against the domination and colonization of a foreign country, which usually arises when feeling the danger and critical conditions of the period of domination and colonization. These kinds of stories always have two main and basic aspects that a considerable amount of text is dedicated to them. The first aspect is related to xenophobia and showing various aspects and consequences of domination and colonialism. But the second aspect is related to the representation of Iranian culture and identity and showing the capacities and abilities of the land of Iran, which have occurred in the stories at both national and local levels.
Conclusion
By comparing the results and summarizing the analysis, it is possible to introduce nativism in contemporary Iranian fiction as follows: nativism is a two-faceted and conscious reaction to the domination and colonization of foreign countries, which, on the one hand, introduces the foreign element and describes the aspects and consequences of colonization and the method of confronting it; And on the other hand, it represents the native culture and identity and shows the capacities and abilities of the land of Iran.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Nativism is a modern term that is linked with concepts such as identity, culture, colonialism, modernity and other. The connection of nativism with these concepts, while revealing the extent of its dimensions and practical aspects, has provided various and different definitions of this concept to researchers, which depending on the way these definitions are applied in studies, may lead to different and possibly conflicting results. Therefore, providing a correct and accurate definition of nativism should be considered as the most important part of research related to this category. Among the various sources that have dealt with nativism and its various dimensions, nativist stories have always been of special importance. The importance of these works from various aspects such as xenophobia, showing the aspects of colonialism and its consequences, revealing the perspective of Iranian story writers against foreign domination, and finally recognizing the components and manifestations of nativism in stories have always been worthy of attention. This importance doubles when we know that in addition to the connection with the mentioned concepts, nativism has an inseparable connection with other social components such as culture, language, religion, history, politics and geography of Iran. In any case, in order to start research in the field of nativism, it is necessary to provide a precise definition of it at the beginning, and then based on that, works should be selected and various aspects of nativism would be examined. In this regard, this paper examines the roots of the meaning of nativism in Iranian fiction through the description and analysis of social, literary and intellectual aspects in the constitutional time period until 1400 AD. There is a need to remind that until now, there has been no significant and specific research on the meaning of nativism in Iranian fiction literature, and its vacancy as a foundational research for other literary researches is quite noticeable.
Methodology
This research seeks to provide a detailed and practical redefinition of the concept of nativism in Iranian fiction based on previous studies and existing stories. The research method in this paper is based on data description and analysis; It means collecting data from various sources (documentary study) and deducing from data through description, comparison and logical reasoning.
Results and Findings
Analyzing the meaning of nativism in contemporary Iranian fiction and finding a precise and practical definition for it was the most important goal of this research, and to answer it, the concept of nativism was examined from social, literary and intellectual aspects. The results of this research show that nativism has two origins and two main approaches. the anti-colonial approach with eastern origin, which is mainly related to Asian, African, Latin American countries and Iran; and the anti-immigration approach with Western origins, which is mainly related to the United States and European countries. One of the other findings of this research is the revelation of the semantic difference between the term nativism and other similar concepts, which was examined and analyzed in a separate section. But the most important results of this research are related to the characteristics of nativist stories and its components. We can generally see that nativism is a conscious reaction against the domination and colonization of a foreign country, which usually arises when feeling the danger and critical conditions of the period of domination and colonization. These kinds of stories always have two main and basic aspects that a considerable amount of text is dedicated to them. The first aspect is related to xenophobia and showing various aspects and consequences of domination and colonialism. But the second aspect is related to the representation of Iranian culture and identity and showing the capacities and abilities of the land of Iran, which have occurred in the stories at both national and local levels.
Conclusion
By comparing the results and summarizing the analysis, it is possible to introduce nativism in contemporary Iranian fiction as follows: nativism is a two-faceted and conscious reaction to the domination and colonization of foreign countries, which, on the one hand, introduces the foreign element and describes the aspects and consequences of colonization and the method of confronting it; And on the other hand, it represents the native culture and identity and shows the capacities and abilities of the land of Iran.
Volume 15, Issue 60 (11-2018)
Abstract
This research is investigating one of the most common types of postmodernism fictions named metafiction. This kind of writing including self-referential and disclosure techniques not only exposes fiction but also explores the word out of context. Patricia Waugh emphasizes on this kind of writing with using methods and techniques that metafiction’s writers used it to write a story about story. This paper is based on reviewing and criticizing a fictional work and it is written according to the library method. This research with scrutiny about metafiction’s general characteristics like: centrality of language, Framework, The story as an artifact, parody and ontological Metafiction’s nature, proceeding some writing techniques and methods that are hidden within this general component's. Then it criticizes Iranian metafictions. It has been concluded that the works that are described in the name of Metafiction in our country are far from the postmodernism’s escape, and precisely based on predetermined criteria and parameters, and the artificial and mechanical aspects of these stories conflict with the normal nature of postmodernism.
Volume 16, Issue 63 (6-2019)
Abstract
“Dash Akol” is one of the most important fictions in Persian literature. This short story is different from other fictions of Sadegh Hedayat. Sacrifice and “gheyrat” are important concepts in this fiction and this is questionable. The hypothesis of this article was that, unlike popular belief, “Dash Akol” is not entirely realistic but it`s a semi-Modernist short story because of central subjectivity of Akol. In other words, characterization in the second part of this story is Modernist. A Modern subject has three features and all of them are observable in the main character of “Dash Akol”: 1) Consciousness 2) Agency 3) Personhood. Akol have some secondary features too: 1) Overthinking 2) Attention to the unconsciousness 3) Solitude 4) Thinking about death. This short story is written in a period of contemporary Persian fiction that Modernist literature arose and this story has shown the evolution of contemporary Persian fiction.
Parisa Nasiri, Farzad Baloo, Hadi Nurmohammadi,
Volume 16, Issue 63 (12-2023)
Volume 16, Issue 63 (12-2023)
Abstract
Parenting style is one of the significant approaches in the field of psychology which deals with the importance of the role of parents and the way they interact with their children. In the 1960s, Diana Baumrind identified four main types of parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved. Each of these styles takes a distinct approach to raising and interacting with children on the part of parents. One of the most well-known authors of contemporary fiction, Jalal Al-e Ahmed, using caustic humor explored in the book “The School Principle” how to raise children, how to educate them, and how parents might help their children improve their social skills. In the present study, we investigated the parenting style in Al-e Ahmed's novel “The school principal” through a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings of the study reveals that this novel among the four types offered by Baumrind, can be examined based on the authoritarian parenting style. Furthermore, its elements lead us to positive and beneficial implications for parenting education in the
Extended Abstract
Parenting style is one of the significant approaches in the field of psychology which deals with the importance of the role of parents and the way they interact with their children. In the 1960s, Diana Baumrind identified four main types of parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved. Each of these styles takes a distinct approach to raising and interacting with children on the part of parents. One of the most well-known authors of contemporary fiction, Jalal Al-e Ahmed, using caustic humor explored in the book “The School Principle” how to raise children, how to educate them, and how parents might help their children improve their social skills. Considering to the importance of parenting and the ability to analyze literary texts based on this theory, no research has been conducted on examining contemporary narrative literature, especially the story of the school principal, based on parenting styles.
In this research, through a descriptive-analytical method, we aim to understand how the story of “The School Principal” describes and explains the role of the family as the primary center of child rearing based on parenting style, what cultural, social, and educational factors play a role in the target work, and how the story aligns with which of the parenting styles. It seems that, considering that the story narrates the educational situation and the cultural and social conditions of students, the role of parents as another key component in child rearing and their interaction with them is depicted as bilateral and mutual. Also, the economic and social factors of individuals have a direct relationship with the educational and cultural conditions of children. The findings of the research indicate that, based on this perspective and examining the story of the school principal by Jalal Al-e Ahmad, this work is investigable and researchable based on the authoritative parenting style.
Al-e Ahmad, by portraying poor families, parents with low levels of education, their neglect of children, unfavorable living conditions in terms of education and livelihood, and the cultural and social situation as well as the psychological characteristics of children in the story of the school principal and other works related to parenting that were addressed in this research, seeks to demonstrate that the parents of students, who are mostly from the lower strata of society, often behave violently and harshly toward their children, in addition to unfavorable economic and health conditions. Their disregard and use of force towards children diminishes the level of self-confidence and self-belief in children, of which a part is due to the lack of awareness of the right parenting methods and acquiring necessary skills in the field of appropriate parenting styles.
Extended Abstract
Parenting style is one of the significant approaches in the field of psychology which deals with the importance of the role of parents and the way they interact with their children. In the 1960s, Diana Baumrind identified four main types of parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved. Each of these styles takes a distinct approach to raising and interacting with children on the part of parents. One of the most well-known authors of contemporary fiction, Jalal Al-e Ahmed, using caustic humor explored in the book “The School Principle” how to raise children, how to educate them, and how parents might help their children improve their social skills. Considering to the importance of parenting and the ability to analyze literary texts based on this theory, no research has been conducted on examining contemporary narrative literature, especially the story of the school principal, based on parenting styles.
In this research, through a descriptive-analytical method, we aim to understand how the story of “The School Principal” describes and explains the role of the family as the primary center of child rearing based on parenting style, what cultural, social, and educational factors play a role in the target work, and how the story aligns with which of the parenting styles. It seems that, considering that the story narrates the educational situation and the cultural and social conditions of students, the role of parents as another key component in child rearing and their interaction with them is depicted as bilateral and mutual. Also, the economic and social factors of individuals have a direct relationship with the educational and cultural conditions of children. The findings of the research indicate that, based on this perspective and examining the story of the school principal by Jalal Al-e Ahmad, this work is investigable and researchable based on the authoritative parenting style.
Al-e Ahmad, by portraying poor families, parents with low levels of education, their neglect of children, unfavorable living conditions in terms of education and livelihood, and the cultural and social situation as well as the psychological characteristics of children in the story of the school principal and other works related to parenting that were addressed in this research, seeks to demonstrate that the parents of students, who are mostly from the lower strata of society, often behave violently and harshly toward their children, in addition to unfavorable economic and health conditions. Their disregard and use of force towards children diminishes the level of self-confidence and self-belief in children, of which a part is due to the lack of awareness of the right parenting methods and acquiring necessary skills in the field of appropriate parenting styles.
Volume 17, Issue 69 (1-2021)
Abstract
There has been a growing tendency among contemporary Iranian authors to draw upon local customs and traditions as well as the geographic features of a specific area so that the audience would discover the setting of the fiction without much effort when reading it. Many studies have so far examined the ecological, and particularly rural, characteristics of northern Iran, southern Iran, Azerbaijan, Khorasan, and Kermanshah as manifested in contemporary literary works whereas the province of Kordestan and its writers have been largely neglected. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the present study first discusses the notion of ecological fiction and describes Ebrahim Younesi’s works of fiction. Then it attempts to analyze the ecological and local features of his works which are mainly represented by Kurdish vocabulary, using sentences in his native language, folkloric songs and proverbs, local place names, references to the historical events of the region, and the traditional beliefs and customs of Kordestan.
Volume 19, Issue 78 (12-2022)
Abstract
The authors of this article have tried to open a new way to study, study, analyze architecture and related sciences by examining the concepts and data obtained, citing fictional literature and relying on interdisciplinary methods. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection. The descriptive part is based on the documentary method and the case study. The analytical part, which is the reading of descriptions of fiction-climate literature, is done with a "semiotic" approach. The reading method in this study is in fact the retrieval of the codes of "spatial elements" in the "physical space of the house". The results of this study indicate that this reading is influenced by various factors, including the analytical experiences of the analyst. What can control the information that the text conveys to the reader is the text analyst's architectural insights and experiences, which can provide appropriate visual alternatives between the possible states that meanings can evoke. Finally, a model for architectural reading of fiction is proposed.
Volume 20, Issue 80 (4-2023)
Abstract
The problem of this research is to propose the role and function of war literature in providing documents for social analysis and policies. For this reason, he shows examples of this function of the literary text in the three topics of "social status of people in southern cities", "consolidation or threat of national identity" and "women". In order to investigate the issue, some examples of stories that deal with these issues have been selected from among the statistical population of war novels, and the content of their narratives in the face of social issues related to the mentioned issues has been counted. The research shows how the narrative of the war has been able to chronicle the daily encounter of the people of southern cities with the social issues caused by the war, and from this point of view, the expert audience gets to know all kinds of problems and social issues caused by the war and solve the problems. And social policies take advantage of it. In the selected narratives, social transformations and instability in the foundations of families due to war, social relations between people and people with the government, displacement and migration due to war and its social consequences for displaced people and destination cities, attitudes towards women and ethnic identities and their impact It stands out from the war.
Volume 21, Issue 85 (4-2024)
Abstract
In this research, an attempt has been made to study the short story "The demon possessed Man" written by Mehdi Akhavan-e-Sales in a descriptive-analytical manner from the perspective of his pioneering in writing a modern poetic short story. The subject of this story is the author's critique of the situation of the bewildered contemporary intellectual (urban class) in society. The result shows that the author, using Impressionist language, has acted in drawing the mental states of the pivotal person in such a way that the plot of the story is out of linear mode, and regardless of the events and the reasons for their formation, it is structural. Found minimalist. Of course, this model has been left out of the ancient structures of Iranian fiction based on the travel model. Hence, the central figure in his story has replaced a particular intellectual mood before he became important as an actor in the narrative.
Volume 21, Issue 85 (4-2024)
Abstract
Nader Ebrahimi has published 49 works for children and young adults, the impact of political-social discourses on which has not yet been examined in any research using a discourse analysis approach. This article draws on two discourse analysis theories—those of James Paul Gee and Norman Fairclough—to demonstrate the impact of political-social discourses on Ebrahimi’s children’s and young adults’ works. Research findings show that “love of Iran” was always a central concern in Ebrahimi’s works, except that, under the influence of political and social developments, elements are added to or subtracted from this nationalist discourse: (1) in the years before the Islamic Revolution in Iran, Ebrahimi’s fiction tends to fall under endogenous national discourses, underscoring national endeavor to build Iran; (2) during the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the element of “politics” clearly finds its way into his fiction, subsuming his works under a revolutionary discourse centered on combating tyranny and honoring the revolution and the campaigns by revolutionaries; (3) after the Iran-Iraq war, his fiction can be formulated under the “construction discourse,” in which love of Iran is still pivotal, and more than anything else, it emphasizes Iran’s potential for industry and economic development. His literature in this period remains political, and the “anti-Western” element is more evident in his works relative to his previous works.
Volume 21, Issue 86 (8-2024)
Abstract
One type of modern short story is the modern poetic short story, which, especially by breaking the previous norms of storytelling in the field of structure, content and characterization, engages the audience with a vague and deep perception and the result is Perception is like poetry. In this research, an attempt has been made to study the short story "The demon possessed Man" written by Mehdi Akhavan-e-Sales in a descriptive-analytical manner from the perspective of his pioneering in writing a modern poetic short story. The subject of this story is the author's critique of the situation of the bewildered contemporary intellectual (urban class) in society. The result shows that the author, using Impressionist language, has acted in drawing the mental states of the pivotal person in such a way that the plot of the story is out of linear mode, and regardless of the events and the reasons for their formation, it is structural. Found minimalist. Of course, this model has been left out of the ancient structures of Iranian fiction based on the travel model. Hence, the central figure in his story has replaced a particular intellectual mood before he became important as an actor in the narrative.
Volume 25, Issue 1 (12-2018)
Abstract
The term ‘SciArt’ refers to bilateral relations between art and science, including artistically-inclined science, science-minded art, and intertwined SciArt activities. In this definition, different disciplines from metaphysics to physics are reckoned as science, as different types of art- from literature to music are counted as art. The SciArt approach, in the fields of philosophical inquiry, can be accounted for by Farabi’s works. As Farabi holds, rational well-being and rational truths just might be brought to mind of people via imagery and analogy. In Islamic philosophy, two representatives of the field are Ibn Tufail and Suhrawardi. I will compare and contrast the main characters of these two major figures in chronological order. Plus a few more philosophical and mystical issues Ibn Tufail developed in scientific matters like anatomy, autopsy, and vivisection in the non-allegorical style. Contrary to Ibn Tufail, Suhrawardi explains mystical vs. philosophical problems in his fictions, using the allegorical style. He represents the world of spheres and the sublunary realm by a variety of imageries like nine shells, eleven layers of a basin, and eleven mountains. Both Ibn Tufail and Suhrawardi use fictional manner to explain mystical as well as philosophical themes.
Volume 25, Issue 2 (7-2019)
Abstract
A novel is an art of narrating incident or story that is considered to be one of the best and beautiful kinds of verse. The text's sociology attempts to make the reading in a profound and fundamental way and is not complete or cannot fulfill its existence until it is read. Sociological criticism is one of the new and effective methods in analyzing literary texts especially novels. Accordingly, this article seeks to use the descriptive-analytical method to read the text of “Al-Audah ela al-Manfa" (Return to the Exile), a novel by Abu al-Maati Abu al-Naja, and shows the social and ideological issues the Egyptian community lived in it. The purpose of selecting this novel was its importance in drawing the Egyptian society and expressing their suffering during the presence of foreigners in the country. The results indicate that the narrator knows middle Egyptian classes well because he spent his life there and describes a certain ideology that can be expressed through the structural unification of the novel. Therefore, there is a strong relationship between the elements of place and time as well as social groups and personality with the issues and problems posed in the novel.
Volume 30, Issue 4 (6-2024)
Abstract
In recent years, the publication of literary works in digital space and virtual networks - which we named as virtual literature - is increasing and expanding. This type of literature takes on a new color every day with the invention of new communication, information and multimedia technologies and therefore has special features. Due to the change in the context and method in virtual space, literary works are presented in terms of features, elements and literary genres, different from written and traditional literature. This article seeks to use the argumentative method after describing the facts in the virtual literature paradigm to provide the necessary reasons for measuring this hypothesis based on scientific theories: "Virtual literature as a new theory in the digital age." It has characteristics, elements and genres that distinguish it from written and traditional literature." The results of this research indicate that in virtual literature, virtual poetry or hyper poetry and in prose, hypertext fiction are used more than other types of literature and have a prominent place in multimedia literary productions.
Volume 31, Issue 4 (6-2025)
Abstract
Foucault believes that power is a set of network of relationships through which it is implemented on people and the power relationship is necessary for life so that it does not fall apart. The power of the entire society has expanded due to the necessity of its presence in social relations. Power is not always negative, and has positive aspects for the growth and prosperity of society.
The novel "Shifa; "The Small Century Manuscript" is science fiction novel that presents the novel, media, modern inventions and power tools in distorting the truth to control humanity. This article, novel "Shifa; "The Manuscript of Little Century" with the analytical descriptive method and Foucault's theory, together with the fictional elements and linguistic styles according to the belief of postmodernists in the multiplicity of meanings, related to power, to point out that the politicians in this novel through technology And the media falsifies the truth to create a hyper-reality that is more real than the original reality to deceive the people by playing with their minds in order to create viruses, diseases and wars on people through it, after taking their critical thinking and all their assets as a means of generating people's power and positioning them as passive and pure consumers, to rule, and also sell their manufactured drugs and weapons to gain capital as a means of power. Knowledge, technology, language, discourse, medicine, prison, espionage, sex, capitalism, currency, government, religion and university are the tools of power in the hands of politicians.