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The increase in the production and consumption of grapes in the world has increased the need for research in the field of creating conditions for further preservation of this fruit, and the lack of sensors that can provide accurate information from the production and storage process to control systems for decision-making is obvious and evident. Therefore, this study aimed to determine some characteristics of grape fruit (taste index, pH, firmness, ion leakage, ∆E, number of mold and general acceptance) stored in cold storage in the range of storage time from 0 to 60 days was measured and according to the importance Achieving these characteristics during fruit storage, a model using fuzzy logic was created as an expert system with accuracy (with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.96) and very high speed capable of predicting and determining these product characteristics only by using It was time to save it. This system was able to obtain the value of each of these studied characteristics at any desired storage time in the range of 0 to 60 days with very high accuracy and in a fraction of a second. On the other hand, it was found that with increasing storage time, the amount of taste index, pH, number of molds, ∆E and ionic leakage of the samples increased, but the degree of hardness and overall acceptance decreased.
 

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This study aims to investigate the effect of substituting different levels of chickpea flour (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) with quinoa flour on the relationship and dependence between the amount of protein, ash, moisture, specific volume, texture, color changes and sensory characteristics. Gluten-free cookies were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The obtained results showed the dependence and relationship between the evaluated parameters to the change in the level of substitution of chickpea flour with quinoa in the formulation of gluten-free cookies. By replacing 25%, the relationship between the parameters changed significantly. With the increase of substitution level change from 25 to 50%, with the predominance of smell and taste and change in texture, the relationships between the evaluated parameters in the space of principal component analysis were rearranged relative to each other. By increasing the substitution level from 50 to 75%, the influence of the presence of quinoa flour on the textural characteristics of the manufactured product and its relationship with other parameters showed the variation of the examined traits. This indicated the critical level of relationship change towards the predominance of quinoa properties in the formulation. At the replacement level of 100%, based on the position of the special volume parameter with the parameters related to tissue characteristics, an opposite relationship was observed between them. Based on the results, it shows the applicability of principal component analysis as a useful tool in identifying the substrate of relationships between quantitative and qualitative parameters in the direction of designing and developing food formulations, and finally, the maximum replacement of 50% of chickpea flour with quinoa flour in Chickpea sweet formulation is recommended.
 

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Honey was reported numerous benefit containing nutritional ingredients and phytochemical such as polyphenol, flavonoid was widely used around the world. In this study, the physicochemical characteristics on the quality of coffee flower honey has been evaluated during storage. The honey was collected from Dak Lak, Buon Me Thuot, and Kon Tum province in Vietnam and stored at room temperature (30-32^oC) for 12 month. Total sugar, reducing sugar, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), acid value, total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were evaluated for each two month to determine the quality of sensory quality and nutritional value. After 12 month storage time, the content of total sugar, and reducing sugar gradually decreased along with the increase of HMF and acid content in the coffee flower honey samples a lead to sweetness of honey is decrease, acidity, and color increase, which is a signal indicating a decline in sensory quality and nutritional value. The content of TPC and TFC increased during the first 6-10 months of storage and then also tended to decrease, indicating that coffee flower honey should not be stored for too long (more than 10 months) because of phytochemicals reducing.

 

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Changing the thermos-mechanical properties, variety of formulation and storage conditions, 36 samples of low-fat mozzarella cheese were produced and their hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness were evaluated by TPA followed by analyzing data using completely randomized factorial design with univariate analysis through IBM SPSS Statistics. 26. Then, Imaging of the same samples with a Hyperspectral camera in the range of 400-1000 nm as well as pre-processing the spectra and preferring the important wavelengths by feature selection algorithms to developed the calibration models including multiple linear regression algorithms, partial least squares regression, support vector machine with a linear kernel, multilayer perceptron neural network, random forests and majority voting algorithm was performed in Python software followed by the performance of models were evaluated. Results showed that the more increased the stretching time in hot water from 2 to 8 minutes, the more the hardness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness and cohesiveness increased, but adhesiveness was decreased. The majority vote algorithm (VOTING) revealed the highest performance in hardness prediction (R²p=0.878, RMSEp=2606.52 and RPD=2.12) and was able to predict the cohesiveness of mozzarella with higher accuracy more than other algorithms. Multiple linear regression couldn’t predict the adhesiveness properly, but random forest method with high performance predicted this feature (R²p=0.808, RMSE=56.49, RPD=1.90). The multi-layer perceptron neural network with the least error, predicted springiness (R²p = 0.848, RMSEp = 0.094, RPD = 2.12) and chewiness (R²p = 0.84, RMSEp = 1117.21, RPD = 1.96) with high accuracy. All methods except random forest were able to predict the gumminess of mozzarella with high efficiency. In this study, it was cleared that the process conditions had significant effects on the textural characteristics and the Hyperspectral imaging was found to be a suitable alternative method for estimating the textural characteristics of mozzarella cheese.
 

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Ultrafiltration is a technique used for concentration of milk in order to produce the cheese with more desirable physicochemical and nutritional properties. On the other hand, use of combined starter cultures for cheese production can led to improve the sensory characteristics and overall acceptability of final product. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of using different combinations of Lactobacillus helveticus (L. helveticus) and mesophilic starter culture (Lactobacillus lactis ssp. lactis and Lactobacillus lactis ssp. cremoris) on the volatile compounds and sensory characteristics of ultrafiltered white cheese during ripening. Five ultrafiltered white cheeses were produced using mesophilic starter culture and L. helveticus at different ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) and kept in refrigerator (9 ± 0.1°C) for 90 days. The related analysis was performed on 1, 30, 60 and 90 days of ripening. The results revealed that an increase in L. helveticus ratio caused a significant increase in the Co₂, ethanol, ethylene oxide and a significant decrease in the acetone (p<0.05). Regarding sensory properties, lower scores of body and texture, and higher scores of odor and flavor were assigned to the cheeses produced using higher ratios of L. helveticus (p<0.05).  In conclusion, the use of combinations of mesophilic starter culture and L. helveticus at specific ratios (75:25 and 25:75) led to improve the volatile compounds in the final product and production an ultrafiltered cheese with desirable sensory characteristics.
 

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Amylase are the most important group of industrial enzymes that hydrolyze starch into amylopectin. The industrial demand of amylase predominantly from the microbial origin has been recently increased and enhances the research for amylase with high stability at extreme industrial conditions. Thus, this study is aimed to characterize amylase from Bacillus subtilis IMD34 obtained from previous using agro waste. Extracellular amylase production was carried out in basal medium by submerged fermentation technique. The production medium with 10% potato peels at pH 6.8 and 35 °C enhanced amylase activity (720 U/mL) than other wastes such as banana peels and yam peels. This optimized media increased the bacterial growth rate and activity of amylase compared to the non-supplemented basal medium. Further, amylase was purified and assessed their molecular weight (~39 k Da) in 12 % SDS -PAGE. The enzyme activity was observed at pH 6.8 and 35°C and stable over a wide range of pH (4-10), and temperatures (20-50°C). In addition, enzyme activity was stimulated in the presence of Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mn²⁺ and was unpretentious after treating with surfactants (SDS, Triton X-100, Tween 80), organic solvents (ethanol, methanol, chloroform and acetone) and amylase inhibitors (EDTA and β-mercaptoethanol). These enzymic characteristics makes the amylase obtained in this study a promising candidate for various industrial sector application.
 

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This study is based on this question, that if it would be required to write a screen play about Islamic and Shi'ah infallible leaders (Imams), then what would be the suitable model for this. The classic model, in this regard often based on the Aristotle model, is not enough and ideal to present the infallible Islamic characters. This is because it is forbidden to show the face of the Islamic infallible characters in film, and also according to Shi'ah believes they have static characters in which they are incompatible with the Aristotle’s characterization model. This study focuses on the characterization aspect in screenplay throw the assessment of the technical capacities in classical screenplay aiming to answer this question that how much these techniques could represent the character of the infallible Shi'ah leaders. The hypothesis of this study is based on this point that the technical capacity of the Aristotle model in screenplay is more proper to show the secular character rather than to represent the holy and infallible character. We have to change the essence of such models founding some new technical capacities and introduce a specific novel model. It has been reached in this study that the characterization models in the Aristotle and Hollywood drama cannot display the Islamic infallible figure, which needs different methods and aesthetic changes. Also, concerning the several problems mentioned in this article, not only scenario writers must look for solutions, but also Islamic scholars, specialized in jurisprudence and Sharia’a, should interfere in resolving the obstacles and suspicions raised in this study, in order for the scenario writer to innovate within a clearly defined perimeter. We also concluded that it is possible to benefit from some of the experiences and innovations in the Western cinema in order to surpass the limited space of our experiences provided that we must expand our creativity potential.  

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Nowadays, observing ethics and preserving moral principles are some of the most significant phenomena which have been taken into account in most organizations. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to survey the effects of demographic characteristics of the individual, organizational and ethical variables in ethical decision-making of accountants in industrial enterprises of Tabriz. Statistical society of this research includes 1505 accountants in micro, small, medium, and large industries of Tabriz metropolitan city. Based on Morgan and krejcie sampling table sample size is about 306 and questionnaires have been used for gathering necessary data. For statistical analysis of the research, it has been first tried to describe the main variables of the research and some demographic variables by descriptive statistics. Then, in inferential statistics part, hierarchical regression analysis conducted within the framework of the research. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between ethical recognition and ethical judgment, between ethical judgment and ethical intention, and also between ethical recognition and ethical intention. Consequently, the Rest’s model was supported. Ethical climate of the organization was the strong predictor factor in three stages of ethical decision-making.

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Due to its certain elements and limits, the exemplum brings about poetic and narrative nature in a coordinated structure in order to realize dynamism in the text with easy access to wide conceptual burden that poems cannot transfer lonely, accordingly, contemporary exemplum, today, welcomes narrative techniques and its symbols. Mohammed al-Maghout, a contemporary Syrian poet, makes use of narrative techniques in his exemplum by applying simple words and expressions which normally combines reality and fancy to advance events and accomplish them. The present descriptive-analytical research aims to address main narrative signs in a sample of three divans of Mohammed al-Maghout. Results indicate that the poet mostly uses quadruple narrative techniques, while he is not bounded to a sequence and uniformity of the texture, which it gives profundity and an upward trend along accumulation of events. Description of places in his works simulates a partial look or a close appearance and, for him, narration time circulates around time differences for recovering and anticipating time alongside the time length technique for determining rate of events. Methods of developing characters in his poems are blazoned over steady function of pronouns, especially the first-person which is turned to footsteps of the main character, that is, narrator

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Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in medical and pharmaceutical applications due to their antimicrobial properties. In this study, Ag-NPs were synthesized using Viola tricolor aqueous extract as a reducing and capping agent. The presence of synthesized Ag-NPs was first confirmed with UV-Visible, SEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR analyses, and then their antimicrobial characteristics were studied based on the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The SEM analysis showed that the synthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape. The particle size histogram revealed that the average particle size of the AgNPs was 49.45 nm. Findings from the FTIR and UV-Vis spectra showed the successful formation of Ag-NPs because the functional groups involved in the synthesis process and adsorption peaks were well developed. Furthermore, the Ag-NPs had a peak absorption at 420 nm in the spectrometry. MIC results showed the strong antimicrobial effects of the synthesized Ag-NPs. Results of the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) revealed the dose-dependent cytotoxicity of the Ag-NPs. Nanoparticles could exert the inhibitory effect of DDPH free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Methyl tetrazolium (MTT) results showed that silver nanoparticles had a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect and significantly reduced cell survival. The IC50 values for Ag-NPs and the extract were 11.83 and 204.4 μg mL^-1, respectively. This study showed a higher cytotoxic effect of the green synthesized nanoparticles on hepatocellular carcinoma cells than the extract. Consequently, the biosynthesis of Ag-NPs using aqueous extract of V. tricolor is clean, inexpensive, and has antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant activities. Hence, it can be used as a drug candidate.

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Tomato fruit (cultivars Hisar Arun and BSS-488) harvested at turning stage were treated with salicylic acid and evaluated for physicochemical traits and antioxidant system during storage at ambient temperature. The increase in the physiological loss in weight, lycopene and β-carotene content were significantly delayed by salicylic acid treatment and delayed the decrease in fruit firmness for both tomato cultivars. Compared with the control fruits, salicylic acid treatment significantly altered activities of SOD, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and lipooxygenase enzymes, whereas delay in increase in the MDA content and H₂O₂ content was observed during storage period. Our results revealed potential of salicylic acid treatment on tomato fruits in delaying biochemical changes and amelioration of oxidative damage during storage. The exogenous application of salicylic acid may thus be an effective approach in enhancing the quality characteristics and antioxidant potential of tomato fruit stored at ambient conditions.

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cost-effectiveness, and reliability. Despite numerous experimental studies on pressure-swirl atomizer spray, a comprehensive mathematical model for predicting spray characteristics has not yet been presented. Additionally, there is no consensus on the distribution function accurately describing droplet size dispersion. In the present study, the main characteristics of pressure-swirl atomizer spray, including discharge coefficient, spray cone angle and droplet size distribution, were experimentally investigated using the shadowgraph technique. The study spanned a wide range of Reynolds numbers, from 1250 to 8500, encompassing laminar, transition, and atomization regimes. The findings showed that the discharge coefficient initially declined during the transition stage, followed by a gradual increase up to the atomization regime. In the atomization regime, the discharge coefficient remained almost constant. A similar trend was observed for the spray cone angle throughout the transient and atomization phases. The gamma distribution function provided a favourable fit with the experimental drop size distribution in the near-ligament location, where primary breakup mechanisms dominate. The log-normal distribution function showed superior fitting with the experimental droplet size distribution for regions distant from the liquid sheet disintegration point, where secondary breakup mechanisms exert a more pronounced influence on droplet dispersion. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into spray characteristics and associated uncertainties.

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The protagonist characters in Tayeb Salih’s works are characterized by many features; the most notably Mustafa Saeed Osman which is the prominent and challenging one. He shows a completely different personality to the readers with his multidimensional characters. Putting these contradictory behaviors on the linguistic-semiotic course of research will help us draw a certain pattern of this protagonist and interpret his paradoxical behaviors based on the obtained pattern. Using this science in the analysis of Mustafa Saeed, it becomes clear that he is a representative of the dark world of the poor, with the author believing that one should not resort to revenge to free themselves from their current situations but must try, relying on his inborn talents and attempt to master the modern science, to change the status quo and turn it to a better world.

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To improve garlic breeding, it is important to determine the morphological differences between garlic genotypes of local origin. This study was conducted to determine the phenotypic diversity of Turkish softneck garlic (Allium sativum L. sub. var. sativum) genotypes using morphological traits determined based on International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) descriptors. Twenty-six garlic genotypes were characterized using 15 quantitative morphological characteristics. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the first four principal components explained 84.58% of the total variation among the 26 garlic genotypes. The characters with the greatest contribution to variability were identified as Plant Height (PH), Pseudostem Diameter (PSD), Leaf Length (LL), Leaf Width (LW), Bulb Weight (BW), Yield (Y), Bulb Height (BH), Bulb Diameter (BD), Clove Height (CH), Bulb Height/Bulb Diameter ratio (BH/BD), Vumber of Cloves (NC), Clove Weight (CW), Clove Width (CWi), and Clove Thickness (CT). Significant differences were observed in the quantitative traits of garlic genotypes. As a result of the study, AS14 stood out for its clove weight, length, width, and thickness, while AS13 had the highest bulb weight and yield. The present findings could be reliably used in the development of new garlic varieties.

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The presence of genetic diversity leads to better adaptation of plants to different environments and enables researchers to select superior genotypes adapted to given culture conditions. In order to estimate the genetic diversity of eggplant, 22 accessions were obtained from the INRAe vegetable germplasm center and the National Plant Gene Bank of Iran and were planted in horticultural science station of University of Tehran, Karaj, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The number of flowers per plant and number of fruits per plant were higher in the MM00007 and FLT02 accessions, respectively. The maximum leaf area (190 cm² plant^-1) was recorded for MM 01597. Accessions FLT46, MM 0064, MM 00108 bis MM 01597 and MM 01010 revealed high variations in root characters. Higher number of root tips and maximum number of roots were assigned for FLT46, and average root orientation and steep root angle frequency for MM 01597 and MM 01010. The correlation of root angles frequency and root number could possibly be exploited in selection programs as factors indirectly involved in increasing yield and the number of flowers per plant. Based on all evaluated traits, genotypes FLT10, MM 01597, MM 01010, FLT46, and FLTE9012 could be used as parents for future eggplant breeding programs due to their desirable agricultural traits.

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Utilizing new irrigation techniques to introduce cultivars into paddy fields experiencing water scarcity is one way to combat water shortage and increase water productivity. To this end, this experiment was conducted as a strip plot in a randomized complete block design with three independent replications over two years (2016 and 2017) at the Rice Research Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran. Ten rice genotypes (V1 to V10) were subjected to three types of irrigation systems, including conventional Flood Irrigation (FI) and Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) at 10 (AWD10) and 20 (AWD20) cm below the soil surface. These results demonstrate that AWD10 and AWD20 methods reduced water consumption by 20 and 17%, respectively, compared to the conventional methods. This decreased water usage resulted in 1.4 and 0.2% yield losses compared to the conventional flood irrigation system. Moreover, milling recovery in flood irrigation (68.7%) was lower than AWD10 and AWD20 methods (69.6 and 69.8%, respectively). In conclusion, Neda, Shiroodi, and 8611 rice genotypes showed a better response to AWD irrigation, and may be considered as suitable genotypes for increasing water productivity in paddy fields.