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     The harms and damages caused by consumption of damaged or dangerous goods is an undeniable fact and in some cases can be an extremely bitter and sad event. In order to support consumers in such a situation, the creation and use of preventive laws and regulations is the first step towards introducing damages. Passing legislation to compensate for damages incurred by consumers is the next step. Recognizing the responsibility of the sellers of damaged or dangerous goods has a particular importance for the compensation of harms to the consumer of this kind of product. In the area of responsibility of sellers of damaged or dangerous goods and compensation for the consumers of these goods, in addition to the general regulations and special laws protecting consumer rights, we can also use laws and regulations that have not necessarily been adopted with the rights of consumers specifically in mind.     The laws and regulations relating to rules preventing harm to the consumers of damaged or dangerous goods have previously been considered by the authors in another article . In the present article one section of the laws and regulations that contain rules relating to compensation is considered. A methodology based on library research along with a descriptive and analytical approach has also been used in this paper.

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Aims: The construction sector accounts for a large portion of the world's energy consumption; in Iran, it’s more than 40% of energy consumption. Office buildings have a relatively unfavorable energy consumption pattern due to impersonal ownership and lack of supervision and needs improvement. The aim of this research is to improve the energy performance of these buildings by using a dynamic double skin façade.

Materials and Methods: In this research, first the dominant pattern of office buildings in Mashhad has been studied. Since the design is done in Mashhad, which is one of the religious centers of the country, and to create this feeling in users, the pattern used in its second skin is inspired by Islamic patterns of tiles and decorations of the holy shrine of Imam Reza (AS). After analyzing the energy performance of 5 selected patterns with Ladybug and Honeybee plugins, the most optimal pattern is used.

Findings: Daylight is one of the most influential parameters in the design of energy efficient buildings. To make the most of this parameter, it is necessary to create facades with maximum transparency. But these facades face challenges such as overheating. Therefore, it’s important to control the amount of daylight entering.

Conclusion: In this research based on highperformance architecture theory, an optimal solution to improve the energy performance of a 5-storey office building in Mashhad by using a dynamic double skin façade with the ability to control the daylight entrance is presented; which results in a reduction in building’s energy consumption by approximately 130,000 kWh per year.
 

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The amount of energy consumption in a building is affected not only by the components’ performance, but also by the building envelope components’ installation method. The negligence of the good practice methodology can have a huge impact on the thermal bridges, increasing the average thermal transmittance up to 40%. In this paper, the thermal performance corresponding to different positions of the fixed frame, without sub-frame and with different sub-frame materials including wood and steel for double-glazed windows has been analyzed. Besides, in these cases, different configurations of thermal insulation has been considered. The evaluation of thermal bridges due to different models in a sample wall, insulated externally, has been carried out using THERM program. The linear heat transfer coefficient has been calculated for each model and the impact of each parameter on the thermal performance has been evaluated. The results show that the position of the frame, the sub-frame material and the configuration of the thermal insulation around the window frame affects considerably the thermal performance.

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Energy consumption is very much to achieve comfort condition in buildings. Therefore, using and finding methods are necessary to reduce building energy consumption. First, the building energy consumption must be calculated. Computer Simulation is a method to calculate building energy consumption. In this paper energy consumption of an education building has been calculated using Energyplus software in Isalmic Azad University Tabriz branch. This building has more energy consumption according to geographical type of Tabriz city. Several parameters of this building have been changed to reduce building energy consumption. The result shows that, in optimized building, energy consumption reduces about 35.5 percent in winter, about 42.22 percent in summer and about 40 percent (3.82E+12 joule) in year. In addition, the building parameters had been changed according to minimum building cost. The result shows that, in optimized building, energy consumption reduces about 35.5 percent in winter, about 42.22 percent in summer and about 40 percent (3.82E+12 joule) in year. In addition, the building parameters had been changed according to minimum building cost.

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A critical step to develop artificial neural networks that has considerable effect on network performance is designing architecture of neural networks. In designing the architecture of networks, generally, the number of hidden layers, number of neurons in each layer and transfer functions are determined. Most researchers often use trial and error approach and/or ignore interactive effects between the factors of design. In this research, a model is presented based on the design of experiment (DOE) for optimal architecture of neural networks. The proposed model was applied to determine the optimal architecture of neural network for forecasting the monthly consumption of gas oil of Iran. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model, using the common method of trial and error was used and advantages of the proposed model were shown. In addition, to compare the performance of neural networks by statistical methods, two models based on regression and ARIMA were designed. Comparison of the forecasting results obtained by neural networks and the statistical methods proved that the proposed model produced better forecasts in all performance criteria.

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Aims: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the amount of tilapia fish consumption and the relationship between its consumption amount and some demographic characteristics Such as gender, age, occupation, education, marital status, occupation, number of household members and income.
Methods: The statistical population of this research is the whole country. A questionnaire was designed and sent to people electronically through virtual space. Correlation tests were used to evaluate the number of fish purchases per year as well as the amount of each purchase from the output of SPSS software and to investigate the existence of a significant relationship between consumption and demographic characteristics.
Findings: The results showed that Most of the female respondents are married, aged 20 to 35, employed and have bachelor's and master's degrees. Most of them are employees and earn between 3 and 6 million tomans. It was also found that most households (54%) buy fish up to 20 times a year. The average number of times of buying fish per year by the households of the consumption community was 45 times. Most households in the consumer society buy 2 kg of fish each time they buy. The number of households that consume more than 10 kg of fish per purchase was 3.3%. According to the obtained information, the average amount of fish per purchase was calculated to be 8 kg. The per capita consumption of tilapia in households consuming this fish was 4.2 kg.

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In the combined cooling, heating and power system, electricity is produced by prime mover. Recovered heat from the prime mover supplies heating and cooling demands. In this research, primary energy saving and carbon dioxide emission reduction are employed to evaluate the performances of cchp system compared with conventional system for residential buildings in Tehran. The combined cooling, heatig and power system follows Maximum electrical or thermal demand and Maximum rectangle electrical or thermal demand management. The results indicate that cchp system for residential five, eleven-storey buildings, in maximum rectangle electrical demand, maximum rectangle thermal and maximum electrical demand modes is the best strategy, if cooling demand is produced by absorption chiller and electric chiller. In the best strategy, primary energy saving and carbon dioxide emission reduction are 13% and 12%, respectively. If cooling demand is produced only by absorption chiller, primary energy saving and carbon dioxide emission reduction are decreased. In this case, maximum electrical and thermal demands are the worst strategies. In the worst case, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission in cchp are increased 39% and 56% compared to the conventional system, respectively. Payback period in these strategies are calculated 5.5 and 7 years for 11 and 5 tories.

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مطالعات زبان‌شناسی سهم بزرگی از پژوهشهای علوم انسانی را به خود اختصاص داده است. واقعیت این است که زبان نماد اندیشه عقلانی وآیینه‌ای شفاف برای بازتاب فرهنگ جوامع بشری است. زبان تنها ابزاری برای انتقال اندیشه از متکلم به مخاطب نیست، بلکه فراتر از این مرزها، عاملی مؤثر در تکوین شخصیت اهل زبان است. زبان عربی معاصر از نوآوریهای علمی در زمینه مطالعات زبانشناختی بی‌بهره نبوده است، اما این رویکرد کلاسیک کمتر مایل است به تحولاتی که بر کالبد زبان عربی از آن زمان تا کنون وارد شده بپردازد. در حالی که نزد زبان‌شناسان نوین، زبان حقیقتی همواره در حال تغییر و دگرگونی است و همچون سایر شؤون انسانی در تکامل و تطور است. در این مقاله، باعنایت به اصل تحول‌پذیری مستمر زبان، زبان عربی بررسی شده است. پژوهشگر بر این باور است که قداست قرآن نباید دانشمندان علوم عربیت را از پیشرفتهای نوین زبان‌شناسی و دیدگاه‌های تازه آنان به مسائل زبان باز دارد. بنابراین، نباید زبان عربی را در قالبهای سنتی کهن که بیش از هزار سال است در کتب کلاسیک صرف ونحو عربی تکرار می‌گردد، محصور ساخت، وباید از چشم‌اندازهای علم نوین نیز برای تحلیل مسائل این زبان کمک گرفت.در این مقاله برخی تحولات عارض بر زبان عربی نوین در لایههای مختلف زبانی از قبیل صرف و نحو و واژگان ارائه شده است.

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The acoustic information can be evidence for many considered matters in other linguistics areas, especially in spoken morphology and speech processing. The present study investigates the Persian derivational words of prefixes and the degree of parsability in processing, understanding, and receiving the meaning of derived words by some acoustic evidence. For this reason, the derived words of the prefixes «nɑ», «ham», and «farɑ» and their bases were extracted from the Institute of Humanities.  We chose two parsable and non-parsable derived words of each derivational prefix and put them in carrier sentences. Then, We investigate the acoustic features such as duration, pitch, formants, intensity, duration of maximum intensity, and the clarity of transition point The results show that the relative duration of parsable words is more than non-parsable words. The degree of co-articulation in pitch frequency, first, second, and third formant frequency of non-parsable words in transition points of affix and base and statically position of affix is more than parsable words because of incorporation and without potential pauses. In non-parsable words, the relative maximum duration of intensity is more with the smooth trend. So, the clarity of formants in parsable words is more than in non-parsable words at the transition points.

1. Introduction
According to the presence of the structure of derived words in spoken language, the mental lexical processing can be assessed by its phonetic expression and the variations of morpho-phonetic structures can be surveyed in derived words. According to Plag (2014), we can use morpho-phonetic variations for morphological theories and lexical processing. Hay and Bayeen (2003) through the investigation of phonotactics in parsable and non-parsable derived words in the Complexity-Based Ordering approach considered that in non-parsable words the boundary of affix and base is not discerned very easily due to the affix and base are in phonological Entanglement and during the morphological processing, it’s considered as a whole word because the frequency of the derived word is more than the frequency of its base. This approach by using spoken morphology criteria provides some proofs based on the parsability of the base from the affix. In this regard Hay (2007), Plag and et. (2017) by using the acoustic feature of duration investigated the co-articulation of parsable words. They believed that the co-articulation in non-parsable words is more than the parsable words because in non-parsable words the effect of the adjacent phoneme in the transition point is more.

2. Research Hypothesis
This study tries to answer the question of whether in Persian derived words the acoustic features of duration, pitch, intensity, and clarity of the transition point of affix and base can explain the degree of parsability. The results of this research can be used in the theories of the mental lexicon, speech producing, understanding, and perception of the lexical meaning.

3. Research Method
In the present study, we chose three prefixes of «nɑ-», «ham-», and «farɑ-» from Hemasian (2019). We selected two derived words of each prefix in the way that the non-parsable derived word with high token frequency is placed below the trend line of its scatter plot and the parsable derived word with high token frequency is placed above the trend line of its scatter plot. The chosen words are Hamdasti and Hamdardi, Namardi and Namaree, Foruraftan, and foruravande. For creating the same situation of speech we put the derived words in the same carrier sentences and the same position.

4. Result
In this study, we investigate some acoustic evidence in the degree of parsability for Persian-derived words. For determining whether the duration feature can have any effect on the perception of the degree of parsability of affix from the base, it was found that affix and base duration and relative duration in non-parsable derived words are less than parsable words. Also, the duration differentiation of the last phoneme of the prefix and the first phoneme of the base in non-parsable words are more than in parsable words. These results are in accordance with Hay (2007). Then our hypothesis based on the duration of Persian derived words can be used as a piece of evidence for the degree of parsability is confirmed. In responding to this question that the pitch and formants can be described the morphological structure of derived words according to the transition point in the attachment slot of the affix to the base and the static position of the affix, it showed that the degree of co-articulation in non-parsable words based on the continuity and no potential pause is more. For answering the effect of intensity on the morphological structure of derived words according to findings it determined that in non-parsable words raising duration is more and intensity is very smooth to reach maximize. Then our hypothesis based on the relative raising intensity in non-parsable words is confirmed. In responding to the degree of derived words parsability and the relation with clarity of transition point and with concerning the formants by mapping spectrum it found that the clarity in a transition point in parsable words is more than in non-parsable words. Also, in the transition point, we can see the beginning of the next phoneme very easily. Ultimately, it was found that we can determine the degree of parsability in prefixed derived words by acoustic evidence.

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Aims: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the consumer’s behavior of farmed carp in the north of Iran (Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan province). Method: After defining the assumptions and designing the analytical-conceptual model based on the theory of planned behavior, a suitable questionnaire was developed and completed by the statistical community. In order to evaluate the intensity of the relationship between the research variables and the model elements, as well as to check the acceptance or non-acceptance of the assumptions, the structural equation modeling method (SEM) was used. Findings: Per capita fish consumption of farmed carp consumers is 5.3 kg. Of this amount, 400 grams are canned, 600 grams are consumed in restaurants and outside the home, and 2.5 kg are consumed at home. Per capita consumption of their farmed carp is 1.4 kg, so half of their consumption is from other fish.In this research, all hypotheses were confirmed, In this way, the effect of perceived usefulness, perceived risk and quality on attitude, the effect of normative beliefs, moral obligation and household income on subjective norms, the effect of control power, control belief, experimental records, advertising and education on the perceived behavior control, the effect of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavior control on the decision to buy farmed carp and the effect of the decision to buy and perceived behavior control on the final behavior were reported to be significant (p<0.05). The values of the effect coefficients showed that the most effective variable on the attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavior control, is quality (with an effect coefficient of 0.46), income (with an effect coefficient of 0.44) and experience records (with an effect coefficient of 0.37), respectively. Also, among the three main elements of the model, the attitude had the greatest effect on the decision to buy and consume farmed carp (with an effect coefficient of 0.48).

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Due to the rapid modernization process, we can see the inefficiency and obsolescence of urban textures in Isfahan alike the most Iran’s cities. Hence, renovation development of old textures should be one of the main goals in modernization of Isfahan. Analyzing the widespread dimensions of housing and identifying the ranking ways of different attributes of residential units by consumers is the most important step for being successful in housing projects. Since housing attributes are the non-marketed goods, we need to use non-market evaluation method to evaluate them.  In this paper Choice Experiment Method (CEM) has been used to evaluate and determine the consumer willingness to pay for various housing attributes. For this purpose, one of the old textures of Isfahan was selected and a sample of households living in that area was randomly drawn with 120 observations. Data was collected using choice experiment questionnaires and analyzed using STATA and EXCEL softwares. The results show that choice of residential unit is a function of 7 attributes including land area, quality and type of materials used in residential units, neighborhood security, access to major city centers, exemption from charge payments for construction, the amount of loan paid for construction and price of residential unit. Based on the results, the most effective variable is the land area; and residents have a high willingness to pay for this attribute rather than the other attributes.

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Aims: Increasing energy consumption in the building and the use of construction materials with the increase in the amount of construction, causes environmental degradation and excessive consumption of fossil fuels. Nature has undergone its evolutionary process over the centuries and has reached its most optimal form, structure, and constituent materials. The goal of biomimicry is to be inspired by nature to increase efficiency with the help of sustainable solutions. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the capabilities of silica sponge for use in various building components to achieve the best possible options.

Methods: The collection of basic information is through the library and using the articles of valid and up-to-date scientific journals and the research method is descriptive-analytical. Theoretical concepts are expressed from the descriptive method and qualitative content analysis is performed.

Results: The results of the research provide the possibility of inspiring siliceous sponge with special features at different levels of biomimicry for different components of the building and design and ideation of the form, structure, process, and function of the sponge in an optimal state in the direction of the bionic structure.

Conclusion: By analyzing the form, function, structure, process, and how the sponge interacts with its surroundings, which has reached its optimal form and structure in interaction with its surroundings over the centuries, we can come up with an idea for sustainability and synchronization, achieved mostly with the environment, minimum energy consumption in the building and having optimal components.
 

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In spite of mach emphasize on consuming domestic products and encouraging the consumers for doing so, a methodological research that can measure the tendency of consumption of domestic products and be comparable with international researches, has not been done so far. In this paper, with introducing the CETSCALE, as an international index, the level of tendency of consumption of domestic products was measured in a sample of 400 consumers in Tehran (Iran) and the obtained results were compared with those of the other areas in different countries, where similar researches have been done. Then the impact of this tendency on evaluating domestic and foreign products in different product categories and tendency to import from other countries was examined in the aspect of economic, cultural, religious and political similarity. Primary results indicated that consumers with high CET evaluate domestic products more favorably than consumers with low CET. On the other hand, high CET consumers do not evaluate domestic product better than foreign products.

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This paper presents a new method to design optimal thrusters’ configuration for geostationary satellite in order to reduce the fuel consumption and increase the control accuracy. The thrusters configuration generally contains information about thrusters fixed on the satellite body structure, including their location, orientation. One important factor playing a key role in thrusters’ configuration design is satellite force-torque analysis. The proposed configuration, however, should lead to fulfill specified attitude maneuver when the set of force and torque produced by satellite thruster system is adequate. For this purpose, two optimization methods using genetic algorithm (GA) and differential evolution (DE) has been applied to determine the optimal thrusters configuration on the communication satellite body. The cost function employed to minimize both the fuel consumption and error generated by thrusters installation and uncertainties. Moreover, this work allows applying some different constraints in the proposed formulation including minimization of the thruster plume impingement effect on the satellite outer structure and on the solar arrays and the second one is the satellite dimension and geometry. Simulation results show that DE outperforms GA in terms of accuracy and CPU time. Effectiveness of differential evolution algorithm is illustrated in the paper when compared with GA results.

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The aim of study it was carried out survey investigation of consumer attitudes toward organic agriculture. The study was a kind of applied and descriptive –correlational method. The research population was consumers of agricultural products in Alborz Province. Sample size was determine by Cochran's formula (n= 250). Proportional stratified random sampling method was used. Data was collected through an instrument that developed by researcher. Validity estimated by a panel of experts in University and Agriculture experts’ of jihad-e- keshavarzi department of Karaj city. Reliability was conducted by a Pilot test and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient assumed (0/75) which show its suit for research conduct. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software package. Research findings show that there is a significant difference between responces in diploma and graduate & post graduted level at the 0.05 level. Also there is positive relation between consume obstacle and factors affecting to use of organice agriculture with responcendents attitude.  

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  The purpose of this study was prediction of thermal (effective moisture diffusivity and specific energy consumption), physical (shrinkage and color) and mechanical properties (rupture force) of terebinth fruit in a semi industrial continuous dryer using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Three effective factors on thermal, physical and mechanical properties, were air temperature, air velocity and belt linear speed as independent variables. Experiments were conducted with a semi industrial continuous dryer in temperature levels of 45, 60, 75 °C, air velocity levels of 1, 1.5 and 2 m/s and belt linear speed levels of 2.5, 6.5, 10.5 mm/s. Necessary data were collected using a the semi-industrial continuous dryer. Feed and cascade forward back propagation networks with learning algorithms of Levenberg-Marquardt and the Bayesian regulation were used to train the patterns. To predict the effective moisture diffusivity, feed forward networks with the Bayesian regulation, topology of 3-10-13-1 and 108 training cycles with R²=0.9999 was optimal arrangement. The optimal topology to predict the specific energy consumption was 3-10-1 with feed forward network, Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, 117 training cycles and R²=0.9961. The best network for shrinkage prediction was feed forward network with the Bayesian regulation algorithm, topology of 3-6-4-1, 101 training cycles and R²=0.9926. To predict the total color change, feed forward networks with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, topology of 3-6-7-1, 24 training cycles and R²=0.9139 was the optimal arrangement. The best network to predict the rupture force was feed forward network trained with the Bayesian regulation, topology of 3-8-6-1, 69 training cycles and R²=0.9990.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the components of Consumer behavior toward food waste. The study was a kind of applied and descriptive – correlational method. The research population was consumers of food products in Tehran city. Sample size was determine by Kerjice and Morgan table (n= 384). Proportional stratified random sampling method was used. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of expert in Agricultural Extension and Education Department, Tarbiat Modarres University. Reliability was conducted by a Pilot test and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient assumed (0/86) which show its suit for research conduct. Results of exploratory factor analysis revealed six components of consumer behavior: Cultural values, social participation, motivation, beliefs, education and awareness and perception which are composed of 60 percent of consumer behavior changes, explain.

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The research aimed at mathematical modeling, kinetics and energy consumption of a hot air dryer with air recycle (0, 50%, and 75%). A hot-air dryer capable of recycling the exhaust air was used. The experimental data were fitted to standard thin-layer drying models in MATLAB 2007. The best model was selected according to the coefficient of correlation (R²), chi-square (c²) and root mean squares error (RMSE). These indices showed that the Midilli et al. model has the best fit for explaining the experimental data. The required energy was minimum at 0.5 m/s and 60˚C for 0%, 50% and 75% recycled air levels and was maximum at 1.5 m/s and 40˚C for all recycling levels. The hot-air recirculating system also reduced energy requirements and increased the drying time for aloe vera.

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In this research the effect of different drying conditions of microwave fluidized bed (inlet air temperature, inlet air velocity and microwave power) on drying time, effective moisture diffusivity, shrinkage and total energy consumption of pistachio kernel was studied. Data analysis and optimization of drying process of pistachio were conducted by response surface method and central composite design. Input (independent) parameters were: inlet air temperature, inlet air velocity and microwave power. Dependent (output or response) variables  were: drying time, effective moisture diffusivity, shrinkage and total energy consumption. The primary moisture content of pistachio kernels has been determined 0.569 (d.b.). Drying of the kernels was performed at three levels of air velocity (1.16, 3.32 and 8.48 m/s), three levels of input air temperature (40, 55 and 70°C) and three levels of microwave power (220, 330 and 440W). The obtained effective drying time, moisture diffusivity, shrinkage and total energy consumption of pistachio ranged between 1.2 to 3.83 h, 2.7×10^-10 to 1.32×10^-09 m²/s, 12.01% to 35.43% and 0.337 to 1.63 kWh, respectively. The optimum point occurred at air temperature of 38.48˚C, air velocity of 1.16 m/s and microwave power of 440 W. Response variable values for drying of Akbari cultivar of pistachio with fluidized bed microwave dryer at this point were drying time of 2.677 h, effective moisture diffusivity of 5.179×10^-10, shrinkage percent of 18.41% and total energy consumption of 0.7109 kWh.