---

The aim of this research is to study effective parameters of incompressible, viscous and unsteady flow in Turbomachinary cascades using the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) RANS-Based Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation method. Detached Eddy Simulation is a hybrid RANS-LES method that was purposed in order to reduce LES computational cost. In this method, near wall, in boundary layer, RANS turbulence model is used and away from the wall, method automatically switches to LES. To develop original DES method (DES97), DDES was purposed to solve modeled stress depletion problem. A new function is introduced to the DDES model to make the transition from RANS to LES grid cell size independent. The numerical method that is used for discretization is staggered finite-volume and the grid is Cartesian. Also hybrid differencing scheme (the scheme compound of central differencing scheme and upwind scheme) to discretization of convection terms in Navier-Stokes is used. The results of this study compared with the results of simulation with SA turbulence model.

---

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of squid protein hydrolysate prepared from protamex (P1, P2, P3) and alcalase (A1, A2, A3) enzymes respectively, at 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% concentration and also control sample (0%), on some physicochemical and organoleptic properties of low-fat set style yoghurt such as viscosity, synersis percentage, water holding capacity, acidity, pH, odor, taste, texture and color. Results showed that the lowest viscosity (416/66) was for control sample. Protein hydrolysates of both of enzymes increased viscosity while the highest amount was for P3 and A3. The highest pH and lowest acidity were for the control sample and protein hydrolysate in yogurt formulation decreased pH and increased acidity of samples. Maximum synersis obtained with control sample (4.47); protein hydrolysate decreased synersis while 1% protein hydrolysate with alcalase had the lowest synersis (0.33). Results of organoleptic tests showed that alcalase samples, especially in higher concentrations, modified odor and taste of low-fat yoghurt but these changes were not clear in texture and color. Generally, squid protein hydrolysate with alcalase and protamex in yoghurt formulation improved functional properties of low-fat yoghurt and it was more efficient in alcalase treatments in comparison with protamex.

---

---

Mechanical damage due to harvesting, handling, and other processes is an important factor that affects the seeds quality. Seed damage results in lower grain value and more storability problem and reduces seed germination and seedling vigor and subsequent yield of crops. Tests were conducted to determine the percentage of physical damage (PPD) and percentage of loss in germination (PLG) of wheat seeds due to impact. The effect of wheat seed cultivar and impact velocity was determined. Wheat seed cultivars selected for testing included: Kohdasht, Maron, Simereh, Sardari and Zagros. Four impact velocities: 10, 20, 30 and 40 m s-1 were used. Results showed that effects of impact velocity and seed cultivar on seed damages were significant. PPD to seeds was higher than PLG in higher impact velocities. It found that the total damage of seeds increased from 4.17% (0.48 PPD and 3.68 PLG) to 73.32 % (47.59 PPD and 25.73 PLG) as impact velocity increased from 10 to 40 m s-1 for all wheat cultivars studied. Impact results indicated that Sardari wheat cultivar was more susceptible to PPD (27.39 %), while Maron seeds were more susceptible to PLG (14.70%). Among the cultivars studied, Sardari wheat seeds showed the highest level of total damage i.e.sum of PPD and PLG.

---

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop and assess targeted PAMAM-PEG nanocarrier with anti-TAG72 nanobody for t-Bid gene coding construct delivery into the human colonic adenocarcinoma cells. Materials and Methods: Nanobody (Nb) coding sequence was subcloned into pSJ expression vector for large-scale production and then Nb was purified by Ni++ affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis were performed to verify purifiction. PAMAM was reacted with PEG at the ratio 1:2 (mol/mol) and anti-TAG72 Nb at the ratio 1:1 (mol/mol). Surface charge and size of resulting nanoparticles were evaluated by Malvern zeta sizer and Nanosight. Efficiency of constructed gene carrier for t-Bid, a killer gene, delivery into colonic adenocarcinoma cells in in vitro was assessed using real time PCR and cell counting assays. Results: Production of nanoparticles with the average size of 162±92 nm and +4.57±0.52 zeta potential was confirmed by nanosight and Malvern zeta sizer in order. Gel retardation assay result verified efficiency of carrier for pDNA comlexation. Real time PCR results confirmed the target gene overexpression in the cancerous cell lines. Conclusion: The results of this research confirms the efficiency of PAMAM dendrimers for gene transferring, positive effect of PEGylation and targeting of nanoparticles by anti-TAG72 nanobody.

---

 

---

Objective: The use of antiretroviral drugs has proven remarkably effective in controlling the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, but these benefits can be compromised by the development of drug resistance. This study aims to assess the drug resistance profile of the Pr gene in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated and naïve HIV-1 infected patients. Methods: A total of 30 samples from naïve and 16 samples of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated patients were collected and divided into two groups. After RNA extraction, RT nested PCR was performed. The final products were sequenced and then analyzed for drug-resistant mutations and subtypes. Results: No drug resistant mutations were noted in group one that have never used drug, but 40% of group two samples which are under treatment contained drug resistant mutations. According to the results, the following subtypes were seen among patients: A (50%), B (40.6%), D (6.2%), and C (3.2%). Conclusion: Transmission of drug-resistant viruses and their detection are very important epidemiologically. However our data and other studies suggest that other PIs should be replaced by LPV in the HAART regime.

---

Enzymatic acidolysis of canola oil through caprylic acid was investigated to produce certain medium chain Ttriacyliglycerol (TAG) structured lipids (SLs). Lipozyme TL IM, an sn-1,3 specific Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase, and Novozym 435, a non-specific Candida antarctica lipase, were utilized as the biocatalysts in a batch reactor. Reaction conditions were designed according to Taguchi’s approach, considering three levels of fatty acid to oil ratio (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1), three levels of enzyme load (4, 8 and 12%, w/w), three levels of temperature (45, 55, and 65°C) as well as three levels of reaction time (15, 30 and 45 hours). Results indicated that fatty acid composition of canola oil was modified by the above acidolysis reactions. The highest mole percent of caprylic acid incorporation (37.2 mole%) was obtained after 15 hours of incubation in the presence of Lipozyme TL IM at 55°C, fatty acid to oil ratio of 3:1 and at 12% of enzyme level. However, with Novozym 435 the highest level of incorporation (38.5 mole%) was obtained after 45 hours of reaction at 45°C, fatty acid to oil ratio of 3:1, and at 8% enzyme level. Novozym 435 was able to incorporate more caprylic acid in the oil than did Lipozyme TL IM. SLs prepared using either Lipozyme TL IM or Novozym 435 differed in terms of their TAG compositions. According to the obtained results, SLs produced by use of Lipozyme TL IM lipase contained higher levels of MLM-type (Medium-Long-Medium) triacylglycerols than those produced using Novozym 435 lipase (21.2 and 9.9%, respectively).

---

This paper studies the consensus problem of nonlinear leader-following multi-agent systems (MAS). To do this, the error dynamics between the leader agent and follower ones are described via a Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model. If the obtained TS fuzzy model is stable, then all of the nonlinear agents reach consensus. The consensus problem is investigated based on the parameterized or fuzzy Lyapunov function combined with a technique of introducing slack matrices. The slack matrices cause to decouple the Lyapunov matrices from systems ones and therefore, sufficient consensus conditions are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The proposed slack matrices add an extra degree-of-freedom to the LMI conditions and also decrease the conservativeness of the LMI-based conditions. Finally, in order to illustrate the effectiveness and merits of the proposed method, a numerical example for the consensus problem of nonlinear leader-follower MAS with thirteen followers is solved.

---

Laser forming is a flexible forming process that needs no hard tooling or external forces. In this paper, laser forming of cylindrical surfaces with arbitrary radius of curvature is investigated analytically and experimentally. As the laser forming process is a die-less forming process, production of a desired shape from initial blank is very difficult with this process. Because in the laser forming process, there are some variable parameters such as laser power, laser beam diameter, laser scanning speed and dimensions of initial blank that directly affect the final shape of the produced part. Also, in addition to above mentioned parameters, in the laser forming process of a cylindrical surface, a new parameter says number of irradiating lines is added to variable parameters. Therefore complexity of laser forming of a cylindrical surface will be more than a simple laser bending. In this paper, an analytical method for laser forming of cylindrical surfaces with arbitrary radius of curvature is proposed. In the proposed method, with the aim of technical limitations of laser machine such as laser power, laser beam diameter and laser scanning speed, the number of irradiating lines and the distance between neighbor lines are proposed for production cylindrical surfaces with arbitrary radius of curvature. Also, using experimental tests the performance and accuracy of the proposed method are investigated and verified. Analytical and experimental results show that with the proposed analytical method, cylindrical surfaces with any arbitrary radius of curvature can be produced with a very good accuracy.

---

This research investigates notch effect on fatigue life of HSLA100 steel which is widely applicable in the marine industry. Experimental tensile tests and rotating bending fatigue tests were performed on both smooth and notched cylindrical specimens and the corresponding mechanical properties and S-N curves were obtained. To better investigate the notch and also size effect on fatigue life of the specimens, two different notch geometries and specimen dimensions were used. To calculate the fatigue strength factor, stress distribution under bending load is simulated for smooth and notched specimens. Then, the stress distribution under bending load is converted to stress distribution under rotating bending load using an in-house developed code. Finally, using an in-house developed code, the fatigue strength factor of the specimens is calculated by weakest link theory. In order to better investigate the weakest-link theory, in calculating the fatigue strength factor, this factor is calculated from the classical methods and compared with experimental results. Finally, Comparison of theoretical with experimental results shows that the weakest-link theory gives better predictions than other classical methods and the results are closer to experimental ones. Also, Weakest-link theory uses the finite element results to predict notch effect. This facilitates the use of this theory in fatigue design of complicated specimens.

---

Philosophy for children is one of the most important and comprehensive approaches to teaching children how to think. It uses various methods such as games, movies, animations, discussions, and stories to teach children how to think philosophically. One of the tricks that can be used as an effective means to achieve the goals of this program is the category of "humor". On the one hand, humor is related to the themes of philosophy for children, such as democracy, moral virtues, creative and critical thinking, social interaction, discourse and routine experiences of children, and on the other hand, it is close to Iranian humor culture and spirit, which will have a positive and effective function in the philosophy program for children. Humor can also play a role in increasing the literary richness of such stories, attracting the children of the audience' and influencing them through philosophical stories without disturbing the functions of philosophy by playing a role in characterizing, releasing and reinterpreting signs in children's philosophical stories for children and contributing to achieving the goals of this program.
Extended Abstract
Philosophy for Children is one of the most effective new curriculum and educational approaches currently being voluntarily implemented in 150 countries around the world. In this program, various methods such as games, films and animations, discussions and stories are used to teach children how to think philosophically. The main tools used in this program are stories and the community of inquiry. The stories should be written in terms of philosophical richness and literary richness according to the standards of philosophy for children. Philosophical richness refers to the philosophical content and literary richness refers to the charm of a story to attract children's attention. In this study, the category of humor was introduced and the function it can have for the philosophical and literary richness of Fabak's stories as well as for the development of the Community of Inquiry. On the one hand, humor establishes a connection with the topics of philosophy for children, such as democracy, moral virtues, creative and critical thinking, social interaction, discourse, and daily experiences of children, because humor requires being in a group and being influenced and affected in a pleasant way. and on the other hand, it is close to the culture and humorous spirit of Iranians, and for this reason, it will have a positive and effective function in the philosophy program for children. because the alignment of the methods used in the Fabak program with the culture of the audience is one of the requirements for the successful implementation of this program. In discussing the literary richness of stories, humor, by creating philosophical characters, releasing and decoding symbols, plays an effective role in increasing the literary richness of these types of stories, attracting children and influencing them from philosophical stories. These characteristics make humor an effective element in the philosophy program for children, which effectively achieves its goals without disrupting the philosophical and literary richness of this program.

---

Review and compare writers of children's stories Theme comparative and world literature plays an important role in understanding the child's position in the world and attitude towards children's authors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative Theme author of children's stories both Iran and the world (Ahmad Reza Ahmadi and Megan McDonald to review practices Theme fit with a children's audience and author’s attitude towards children. Donald theme stories on issues like the curiosity and the increasing amount of information about your child and encouraging children to protect the environment and so on. Ahmadi could be to include the theme stories, questioning the way for a better understanding of the world. Depression and sadness caused by loneliness and its impact on children's audience. Seizing opportunities and moments. Children's stories Donald self-esteem and confidence so that could save the world, but the child in the stories Ahmadi, compared to children stories Donald, self-esteem are less and less adventurous and curious .

---

In this paper, the stability problem of nonlinear first order hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDE) systems is investigated. Based on Lyapunov stability theorem, the sufficient conditions to guarantee the stability of Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy hyperbolic PDE model are achieved in terms of spatially varying linear matrix inequalities (SVLMI). To investigate the exponentially stabilization of nonlinear first order hyperbolic PDE systems, a fuzzy Lyapunov function is considered. Then, some new space varying slack matrices are introduced to conduct the stability analysis. The proposed stability conditions are more relaxed than the newly published one. Furthermore, the problem of applying some constraints on control input is studied through this paper. Hence, the performance of the controller is improved in the proposed approach. Finally, in order to evaluate the validity of the proposed approach, a practical application of nonisothermal plug flow reactor (PFR) is considered.  

---

Silver coins of Alexander of Macedonia, until the arrival of Parthians in the 1st century BC, have been put in WDXRF in order to determin Ag, Cu, Pb and Au as major and trace elements for fineness, debasement and refinement of silver in ancient Persia. Seleucid kingdom from 4th to 1st century BC was succeeded by several dynasties and kings. But the chemical composition of their silver coins and their fineness shows there was no changes in technology and economic policy.

---

The slab method can predict rapidly the rolling force and torque in metal forming processes and a large amount of CPU time can be saved. Up to now, the work hardening effect has not been considered in the slab analysis for forging process of double-layer clad sheet. Evaluation of considering or eliminating the work hardening effect of material behavior in the slab analysis of three layer clad sheet forging process and investigating the subsequent effects on the process outputs are a novel subject considered in this paper. The pressure distribution as well as the forging force are investigated for both conditions. In addition, three layer clad sheet forging process is simulated entirely using ABAQUS/Explicit software. The results have showed that considering the work hardening will result into having larger stresses and forces in the process. Moreover, the results of considering the work hardening have better agreements with those from simulation. Finally, some experiments were performed on forging process of two layer Al/Cu clad sheet to evaluate the bonding quality of sheets. Therefore, forging process can be used for producing multi-layer clad sheets in various industries.

---

Selecting tool materials, tool sizes and determining the cutting parameters presents a great challenge in machining operations especially in high speed machining processes. In this study effect of feed rate which is one of the important machining parameters and tool size on tool life in high speed machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were investigated. Fixed cutting speed of 200 m/min, feed rate of 0.03 and 0.06 mm/tooth together with axial cutting depth of cut 5.0 mm, and radial cutting depth of cut 1.5 mm were employed as the cutting parameters. TiAlN + TiN coated tungsten cemented carbide insert in two different size was used during machining operations. Flank wear land measurement was taken by using a toolmakers’ microscope and recorded accordingly throughout machining processes. The results showed during the machining employing both feed rate and using smaller tool size chipping occurred on the tool nose along with gradual tool flank wear. Also by increasing the feed rates utilizing the smaller size of tool highly affected tool life compared to employing the larger one during the high speed machining operations. Reduction the feed rate by 50 percent increased the tool life of smaller tool size by 200 percent.

---

This research carried out to study the effects of probiotic coating alginate and whey protein with Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactobacillus plantarum to increase the storage of rainbow trout fillet (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at refrigerated temperature and to evaluate the physical characteristics of the fillets. Thus, the physical parameters such as color and texture of fillets were investigated at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. Results showed that, the color index (L*, a*, b*) and texture index (hardness cycle, deformation at hardness, and firmness) in treated fillets were better than control. In other words, the use of probiotic coating caused a decrease in the index of redness of the fillet on the 21st day; on the other hand, the yellowness index was lesser. In terms of texture indices such as hardness cycle, deformation at hardness, and firmness, using probiotic coatings in higher percentages of alginates and whey protein resulted in better preservation of fillet tissue quality than other treatments.

---

---

Development of wave energy convertors (WEC) is one of the main challenges that naval architectures have encountered, recently. One of the most important approaches before construction of WECs is the evaluation of their conceptual models in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Therefore, in the current article, an innovative model of wave energy convertor is presented and hydrodynamic performance of proposed model in Persian Gulf has been examined. For accurate simulation of dynamics of WEC, mesh morphing technique is utilized. Since the presented WEC is an innovative design and there is no experimental result for validation purpose, it is tried to verify the numerical setup using similar experimental problems which have the various characteristics of the considered problem. Then, several different geometries including flat and foil pedals, and big and small semi-spherical pedals as a part of WEC have been analyzed, numerically. Small semi-spherical pedal has been determined as the best possible geometry. Number of pedals has been another parameter which has been studied and eight pedals model has been recognized as optimum choice. Finally, optimum WEC has been simulated in nine different waves and the results have been presented.