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Today, carbon dioxide emission is one of the concerns of all countries in the world, so in this paper, we examine the effect of export quality, energy efficiency, and economic complexity on CO2 emissions per capita during the period of 1990 to 2014 in emerging economies. For this purpose, first, energy efficiency is calculated using mathematical programming methods (DEA). Then, the effect of export quality, energy efficiency, and economic complexity on per capita carbon dioxide emissions in the panel of emerging economies is investigated using panel quantile regression. The energy efficiency results show that the average energy efficiency of the studied countries had been increasing from 1990 to 2014. The lowest efficiency score among the studied countries is related to China. The results of quantile regression indicate that the export quality and consumption per capita of fossil fuels have a positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions per capita in all quantiles. The results also show that the coefficient increases by moving in the level of quantiles, so that, the highest effect coefficient of export quality on CO2 emission is related to the quantile 90th and about 0.874. Energy efficiency has a negative and significant effect in all quantiles except 90th, and the highest coefficient of influence (0.133) is related to quantile 10th. The increase in economic complexity increases the co2 emissions in all quantiles except 10th, and the highest coefficient (about 0.487) is related to quantile 90th. 

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Aim: Health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) not only prevents diseases but also improves the individual’s general health and well-being. Global burden of women’s health problem in the postpartum period is enormous while few studies have been undertaken to examine the role of parity difference in women's lifestyle. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of parity on HPL among women in the first year after childbirth.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in governmental health centers in Zanjan (Iran) in 2016 on 310 women. A proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to select the participants. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; the first part assessed the socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, and the second part was the “Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile II” (HPLP II). The data were analyzed using the SPSS software (ver. 22). Data analysis included the percentage, arithmetic average, and ANOVA tests.
Findings: The results showed that 53.9% of the women had one parity, 36.1% had two parities, and 10% had three and above parities. The mean total HPLP II was 131.28±15.37. The highest and lowest mean scores were dedicated to spiritual growth (25.64±4.50) and physical activity (14.68±3.41) domains, respectively. The women who had two parities had a higher score in health responsibility (25.63±4.39) and physical activity (15.41±3.66) domains than the other groups.
Conclusion: The health behavior of women was moderate. A statistically significant correlation was found between the number of parities and the health responsibility, nutrition, and physical activity, which are the domains of HPL.

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Beauveria spp. as entomopathogenic fungi have extremely diverse insect host ranges.Here, a comparative transcript analysis of a Bassiasin I (BSNI), a Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP), a Cytochrom P450 monooxygenase (CYP52), a Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and a Neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS) in two isolates of Beauveria bassiana., with low and high virulence, were carried out. For this, induction media, containing isolated cuticles from four insects, and a check medium lacking any cuticular extract were prepared and isolates were allowed to grow on them. Interestingly, up-regulation of BSNI and DPP in induction media was noted in comparison to the check, following normalization with γ-ACTIN. CYP52 was up-regulated in synthetic medium in comparison to cuticular extract. MAPK expression was greater in most virulent isolate once compared with the low virulent isolate. The expression of MAPK was greater in the presence of Caliptamus italicus cuticles and synthetic medium as opposed to others. NCS expression remained on changed in all media tested and can be suggested as a reference gene in transcriptomics of Beauveria spp. genes in future.  

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Aim: Caesarean section is dramatically increasing across the world. Pregnant women have an increasing tendency for caesarean section without acceptable medical indications. In general, 50 to 60% of childbirths in Iran are cesarean section. Despite the high complications of cesarean section, they are not caused by medical problems. Therefore, the current survey aims to screen the effect of education on choosing delivery mode based on BASNEF model.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study was done on 160 nulliparous women in the third trimester of pregnancy who were assigned randomly to the intervention (80 subjects) and control (80 samples) groups. A researcher-made questionnaire was utilized to collect the required data. Education and its content were developed according to the BASNEF model and the pregnant women's educational requirements. Numerous education methods were implemented in all target groups of intervention including pregnant women, their family and the health staffs. To analyze the data, paired and McNemar tests through SPSS version 18 were utilized. Significant level was also considered <0.05.
Findings: The majority of women were in the age range of 24-20 years. Only 1.2% of the women were illiterate in both groups. Knowledge, attitude, enabling factors, subjective norms and intention were significantly different between the two arms before and 2 months after the intervention (p=0.001) except for intention. In addition, in the intervention group, they get information significantly from friends, families, printed materials, educational films, educational sessions in the Health Centers, and the health personnel after the intervention (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Designing educational programs about delivery mode based on BASNEF model appeared to be beneficial due to the model‟s emphasis on subjective norms and enabling factors; therefore, educational programs based on change behavior model can notably decrease the unnecessary cesarean section in the country.

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Abstract
This thesis is a study of one of the enchanting stories of love in post Islam Iran. Mehr-o-Vafa has 1309 versess and the rhytme is Mafaylon Mafaylon Folon. Poet dedicated it to Shah Abbas Safavid and Etemadol Dowleh Hatam Beig, and imitating the style of Khosrow-Shirin arranged and organized a poetic introduction for it. ُThis thesis is a study of comparative literature, particularly poetry of the lyric literature (fiction epopee) in Persian and Kurdish, which has long been of interest to researchers. Since this thesis the folk tradition of oral literature of Kurdish Mehr-o-vafa story with Sho'ori Kashi's Meho-vafa from eleventh century And with the knowledge that where there is a story of Folk kind and deal with another version of the narrative can not easily determine which version is older than the other. This research tries to idendify more narrators and compare roots and causes of why this story is rewritten by Kurdish poets in the Western parts of our country? Adapting the story of Mehr-o-Vafa in the narrative tradition of oral literature of Kurdish with Sho'ori Kashi's in Persian classical literature from all aspects, including the translation and aesthetic aspects will be done throughout this research.

KEY WORDS: Mehr-o-Vafa , Kurdish folk narrative, Persian narrative, Sho'ori Kashi.

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Background: The new unknown pandemic introduced in December 2019 in China is now known as SARS-CoV-2 induced COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) disease. Some studies have been published by World Health Organization (WHO), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Food and Drug Administration (FDA); however, there is a little information about food safety and COVID-19. The world has not sufficiently addressed the effects of COVID-19 on food safety. The remarkable point is the hypothesis that this epidemic has passed through a food source eaten by an individual and subsequently turned humans into an intermediate host. In particular, the recent state of information about SARS-CoV-2 is challenging owing to its high transmission and mortality rate in people as a potential source of pathogen and infections. However, there is currently no evidence about COVID-19 spread through food. Materials & Methods: Due to the fact that food is a basic humans need and could be an indirect carrier for the virus; therefore, hygiene protocols must be carefully implemented. Also, some studies have suggested that taking supplements, fermented dairy foods, probiotic products, as well as Vitamins C and D could be helpful. Heat treatment and pasteurization could prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission through food.
Conclusion: It is recommended that further studies be performed on the duration of COVs survival at different levels of contact with foods under certain conditions with nanoparticles, nano-packaging, nano-emulsions, and nano-encapsulation to evaluate their size effect.

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Understanding sources of sustained competitive advantage for organization has become a major area of research in the field of strategic management. By reviewing its literature, sources of competitive advantage fall into three categories including environmental resources and capacity models, resource-based view, and network view. The environmental model emphasises on environmental factors such as attractiveness and structure of industries and five forces in gaining competitive advantage. But resource-based view emphasises on organizational resources, competencies and capabilities in gaining competitive advantage. In contrast network view emphasises on interorganizational relations and dynamic networks for gaining competitive advantage. Having verified that the need to integrate new and old theories seems to be greater than their apparent irreconcilability, thus this research tries to provide a jeneric framework by integrating three different views and present a contributional framework congruence for global competition. By using data gathering for auto industry and appling path analysis, research assumptions and conceptual model was tested.

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Objective: DNA markers are one of the most important indicators for estimating Molecular weight of DNA samples, although it used in widespread medical and research laboratories. These markers are very divers and have been prepared in different manners and from different sources of DNA. But unfortunately, DNA markers haven't been made in our country and all of the markers that we use are made in a foreign country. The aim of this research is settings a suitable technology to produce this product in the lab. Material and Methods: With this aim, we used two different strains of lambda: c1857sam7 and EMBL3A both of which are lytic phages as a DNA source. These were grown in the suitable host, after plaque appearance on the bacterial lawn, suitable titer for phage collecting was determined. We also optimized plasmid purification method for extraction of pBR322, pUC18 and recombinant VZV plasmid DNA and designed fragments in the markers have been constructed by digesting these DNAs with variant enzymes. Results: In this study, we made seven DNA markers out of which four of them were made for the first time in the world (/Hind III/BamH1, /Hind III/EcoR1, Sam2, Sam1) and although foreign models of three of them exist but they were made in our country for the first time (/Pst I, /Hind III, pBR332/MspI). Conclusion: The other goal of this study was to determining the best conditions for maintaining and preserving these markers in the lab which was successfully performed.

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Aims: Preventive behaviors play an important role in reducing mortality caused by this disease. This study aimed to determine the application of the extended theory of planned behavior to predicting preventive behaviors against COVID-19.
Instrument & Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 416 university students were selected and examined through virtual networks through convenience and snowball sampling methods. The data collection tool was developed by the researcher-made questionnaire based on the extended theory of planned behavior. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation test and linear regression by SPSS 18 software.
Findings: A positive and significant correlation was observed between the mean of all the studied theoretical constructs with preventive behaviors against COVID-19 (p<0.01). Attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and perception of others' behavior predicted 43% of behavioral intention variance. Moreover, behavioral intention perceived behavioral control and perception of others’ behavior predicted 56% of preventive behaviors variance against COVID-19. Behavioral intention, attitude, perception of others' behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control had the greatest impact on COVID-19 preventive behaviors.
Conclusion: The extended theory of planned behavior can be used as an appropriate framework in designing educational interventions to promote preventive behaviors against COVID-19.

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Aims: This paper aimed to report the development and validation of the Coronavirus Pandemic Anxiety Scale, for assessing COVID-19-related anxiety.
Instrument & Methods: This is a methodological and psychometric study, we developed a 7-Item Generalized anxiety disorder of COVID-19 scale to measure symptoms of anxiety related to the COVID-19 pandemic to help identify people who might need mental health services. In developing the generalized anxiety disorder of COVID-19 scale items, we considered a previous theory and research on anxiety symptoms and symptoms reported in Iran. The scale was validated in the Razavi Khorasan (N=500).
Findings: The CVR in this study for the total scale was 0.81 indicating a satisfactory result. Also, the CVI for the scale was0.78, and the scale had good content validity. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit for the seven-factor model. generalized anxiety disorder of covid-19 scale showed good internal consistency.
Conclusion: The results support the viability of generalized anxiety disorder on the COVID-19 scale as a tool to identify individuals experiencing COVID-19-related anxiety.
 

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Aims: Present study aimed to investigate the exposure of the population covered by Iranian health insurance to the catastrophic cost of health.
Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on household income expenditure data. The sample included 20,764 households. The model of the World Health Organization was employed to measure the catastrophic cost of health. Data were analyzed by Stata 14.
Findings: From the total sample studied, 4.89% of households were faced with a catastrophic cost of health. The findings show that female-headed households are more likely to incur catastrophic costs. Some levels of education of the head of the household reduced the likelihood of incurring a catastrophic cost. Unemployed households and other occupations were significantly more costly. The results of the analysis also indicated that using dental services has a positive and significant effect on households facing catastrophic health costs. The chances of facing the catastrophic cost of health in the fourth, fifth, and sixth decades were significantly higher than those of other income decades.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that Iran's health insurance coverage has not been able to fully protect the insured from the catastrophic costs of health. Improving the livelihood of the community along with paying special attention to vulnerable families and patients with special diseases will play an important role in reducing this index in the insured of the Iranian Health Insurance Organization.

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Aims: Understanding the patterns of land use and land cover (LULC) change is important for efficient environmental restoration. This study focused on changes in LULC patterns of the Koupal watershed in Khouzestan Province over 22 years.
Materials and Methods: Multi temporal satellite imagery of the Landsat series (1998 and 2020) were preprocessed and used to extract LULC maps by bayes discriminant and Maximum likelihood rule. Reliability of classified maps were checked using confusion matrix.Transition matrix and change rate were computed by Change detection analysis.  
Findings: The results of the change detection analysis shows that vegetation cover witness of dramatic decrease and changed from 27.6% to 0.06%, followed by water body reduction from 8.59% to 0.79% and bare land decrease from 57.9% to 51% of whole area. The results indicates a rapid expansion of cropland from 5.44% to 41.25% of total area. Sand dune increased from 1.08% of total area in 1998 to 2.75% in 2020 and build up area shows a growth from0.27% of total area. Change matrix revealed that 93% of cropland remained unchanged, followed by bare land (71%), built up (53%), water body (7%), sand dune (6%) and vegetation (0.05%). This indicates that vegetation experienced the most significant loss and highest conversion during this period, with almost 73% of its total area converted to cropland and bare land (22%) and the rest to other land uses.
Conclusion: These results establish LULC trends in past 22 years and provide crucial data useful for planning and sustainable land use management.