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  “Pain and suffering” is one of the tragic aspects of the human life which, as a recurrent motif in art and literature, particularly in women’s contemporary poetry, requires a particular attention. This article presents an ontological analysis of the concept of “pain and suffering” in Forough Farrokhzad’s and Simin Behbahani’s poetry with respect to its quality, quantity, and instances. Accordingly, the article consists of a criticism and analysis of the concept of “pain and suffering,” its objectives, and its effects on the contemporary women’s poetry. Furthermore, an ontological discussion on the examples and different types of “pain and suffering” in Forough Farrokhzad’s and Simin Behbahāni’s poetry is presented.

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Dark nature and Contemporary Persian Poetry Dr. Fateme Kupa(Associated Professor in Payam’e Noor University-center of Tehran) Mohsen Esmaeili Abstract: One of the nature-oriented characteristics of contemporary Persian poetry is paying attention to nature aspects and the objective world, that is because of application of darkness, twilight spaces obscure, mysterious and frightening atmospheres which are associated with boredom, outrage, ruin, downfall and naught for readers . These kinds of images in this research are called “Dark nature”. To bring in “Dark nature” is the cause of philosophic, socio-political changes and designing new ideas in aesthetic and anthropology topics in two last centuries of Europe. In this article, first of all, the effects of all factors are examined, then how they emerged in persian poetry will be discussed . Keywords: Naturalism, Dynamic Organism, Beauty and Sublimity, Reification.

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Crack nucleation and propagation in engineering segments and structures are unavoidable. Replacing a damaged part is the easiest way to prevent failure, but it is not always cost-effective. Therefore, in many cases, by repairing a component, the life of defective working parts can be increased.  One of the effective strategies, is mending the cracked area using composite patches witch are glued in crack formation place. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of patch on crack growth behavior as well as the effects of patch geometry on the mechanical properties of repaired Al5251 aluminum alloy. For this purpose, a Kevlar-epoxy composite patch with rectangular and H-shaped geometry has been used. Tensile test was performed to evaluate the mechanical properties and the crack growth behavior in the samples. The influences of patch geometry and effective area on tensile force, specimen ductility, toughness and crack forming force have been investigated. The results showed that with the use of composite patch, ductility, force at the moment of cracking and the failure force increased compared to samples without repair. Also, comparison of patches with equal effective area showed that samples repaired with H-shaped patch have more load capacity than rectangular patch. In addition, the amount of toughness in the sample repaired with H-shaped patch has increased.