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  “Pain and suffering” is one of the tragic aspects of the human life which, as a recurrent motif in art and literature, particularly in women’s contemporary poetry, requires a particular attention. This article presents an ontological analysis of the concept of “pain and suffering” in Forough Farrokhzad’s and Simin Behbahani’s poetry with respect to its quality, quantity, and instances. Accordingly, the article consists of a criticism and analysis of the concept of “pain and suffering,” its objectives, and its effects on the contemporary women’s poetry. Furthermore, an ontological discussion on the examples and different types of “pain and suffering” in Forough Farrokhzad’s and Simin Behbahāni’s poetry is presented.

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Background:
The purpose of this study is to develop a new surgeon assistant device applicable in open spinal fusion surgery to improve the accuracy of the entry point for pedicle screw insertion position.

Methods:
We developed a new device named Surgeon Assistant Pedicle Detector (SA_PeD). SA_PeD detects and shows the accurate entry point for pedicle screw insertion to the surgeon, by using preoperative planning, registration and tracking phases.

Results:
The tests were made by eight operators and each of them on five vertebrae with two holes. The results show that the average position error is 0.52±0.26mm. Repeatability and reproducibility of device is also reported which is impressive. The device is also independent of the operator and has same result for all operators.

Conclusions:
Considering that maximizing the accuracy, increases costs exponentially, so the device is cost effective in comparison to other expensive robotic and navigation systems and greatly reduces the number of errors. The device also occupies little space in the operating room and is easy to learn for the surgeon to use it.