Showing 4 results for Jorfi
Volume 9, Issue 4 (Fall 2018)
Abstract
Aims: Continuous monitoring of aquatic genetic diversity among different populations in fish hatcheries is an essential requirement to maintain the viability and sustainability of aquaculture industry. The aim of this study was cloning, sequencing, and detection of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II β in silver carp.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the polymorphism of MHC class II β in 138 species of silver carp was studied in 4 different hatcheries of Iran (Guilan, Mazandaran, Golestan, and Khuzestan provinces) in addition to an imported group from China. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Hymo-DAB gene amplification was performed and the different haplotypes of the samples were analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method and the sequences obtained with ClustalW2 were matched in Geneious 4.8.5 software and the phylogeny tree of the sequences was plotted.
Findings: The PCR reaction of the MHC-DAB II genome of the silver carp with a weight of about 350bp without side band was obtained in the samples, indicating the amplification of t Hymo-DAB1*01/DAB2*1 gene in silver carp. The highest and lowest diversity of haplotypes was observed in populations of Khuzestan and Mazandaran. The mean difference between synonymous site (dS) and nonsynonymous site (dN) of alleles was 0.25 and 0.30, respectively, with the ratio of 1.2. The highest allelic richness was observed in samples imported from China (5) and the lowest allelic richness was among Mazandaran species (3.8).
Conclusion: Haplotype diversity in silver carp belongs to Hymo-DAB1*01/DAB2*1 gene and among different groups of this species, the highest haplotype diversity is in the Khuzestan population and the highest allelic richness is related to samples imported from China.
Hassan Rahmani, Qasem Mokhtari, Mohammad Jorfi, Ebrahim Anari Bozchalooi, Mahmoud Shahbazi,
Volume 13, Issue 50 (Summer 2020)
Abstract
Determination is an inner drive that motivates one to do something. In linguistics, this concept refers to the fulfillment of the prolocutor will when delivering the speech. In other words, the speech is delivered consciously and it is not out of sleepiness, drunkenness, insanity and alike. It may appear that rhetoricians’ use of rhetorical devices is unintentional. The present study seeks to explore the concept of determination in rhetorical devices, by employing a pragmatic approach and descriptive-analytic methodology. Therefore, the speech of well-known rhetoricians was studied and rhetorical devices were analyzed in terms of determination and will. The analysis included the production and reception stage. Upon analysis of six rhetorical devices, it became evident that determination played a role in the use of these devices to the extent that overlooking determination might hinder our understanding of these devices. In conclusion, the use of rhetorical devices in rhetoricians’ speech is by no mean unintentional and the concept of “intent” in their speech is not equal to determination, rather a kind of pretension.
Volume 24, Issue 3 (Fall 2020)
Abstract
As companies are abstract, the negotiable instruments of the company are signed by real persons.The extent of authority and liability of directors in signing such documents, not only theoretically but also practically, will have significant effects on the business relationships of the company and the third parties. English law considers the directors of the company as the organs of the company and gives them wide authority.If the director signs negotiable instruments beyond his authority or even outside the company’s frameworks and responsibilities, it is presumed that the company itself has signed it. However, this does not prevent the company from penalizing the director. Iranian law, in relation to the limits of the director's liability, differentiates the company limited by shares from other companies. Due to the wide range of authority that the directors in ‘the company limited by shares’ possess, generally the signing of the negotiable instruments by them leads to the liability of the company limited by shares. In other companies, the authority of the directors is limited to the authority delegated by the company.If the directors sign the negotiable instruments beyond their authority, the company will not be liable for the negotiable instruments and the third party should be directly addressed to the directors, for compensation. In the case of cheque, due to certain provisions in Article 19 of the Law of drawing cheque, if the director board of the company is issued within the limits of the authority, he has joint and several liability with the company.
Volume 28, Issue 2 (8-2024)
Abstract
Abstract
Artificial intelligence is expanding rapidly in various sectors of the industry, including maritime transportation. However, the use of autonomous ships can reduce collisions, which are significantly caused by human errors. However, there will be different types of artificial intelligence threats and dangers. Regarding this, in the collision of these types of ships, determining the culprit is difficult or impossible. According to the Brussels Convention of 1910, the owner of the ship is responsible for compensation based on the liability of the fault. When the ship does not have a human crew, the basics of liability caused by damage to the ship as well as the type of division of this responsibility are one of the important challenges. The findings of the study show that due to the complete independence of the ship and the difficulty of proving the fault, the traditional foundations of civil liability cannot be extended to autonomous ships. Therefore, in the collisions caused by the autonomous ship, the owner of the ship is subject to strict liability for applying these types of ships and benefiting them. The rules of responsibility for the collision of autonomous ships require new foundations and reforms that are different from traditional laws. At this stage, regulatory and judicial measures should be taken internationally and domestically to use these types of ships.
Key words: fault, autonomous ship, legal personality, risk-based, strict liability.
