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This research examined how to explain the constructional schemas of Persian complex verbal predicates(PCVP) based on CM and its aim was to identify and classify different types of  PCVPs including compound verbs and verbal phrases (1036 data in textbooks related to Teaching Persian to Non-Persian Speakers). The research was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method and the data were analyzed based on the criteria of CM. The findings showed, through the analysis of PCVPs based on the constructional approach, their formal similarity and lack of the definite boundary between different types of PCVPs in the hierarchical lexicon is represented more transparently and their constructional continuum is more explicitly depicted in the Persian verbal network. In sum, in this continuum of PCVPs, three subschemas of Persian verb phrases, two subschemas of compound verbs, and one subschema of incorporated verbs were recognized in the data. In addition, all PCVPs were examined in terms of default inheritance and the degree of motivation in their form and meaning relationship, whether grammatical information of the higher levels inherited by lower levels, such as incorporated verbs, or not such as compound verbs with metaphorical meaning. As a result, the asymmetry in their form and meaning was not problematic. Assuming the holisticity of form and meaning, a generalized and cost-effective analysis can be presented for both regular and unpredictable PCVPs, and despite of a lot of idiosyncratic cases, all types of PCVPs could be explained through general schemas and subschemas coherently without proposing exceptional solutions.

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Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata is one of the major insect pests of potato. Toxicity of spinosad, as a bio-rational insecticide, was investigated against various developmental stages of this pest. Bioassays were conducted by using the eggs, neonates, first, second, third and fourth instar larvae and adults. The potato leaves were impregnated with different concentrations of spinosad and applied for the adults and different larvae bioassays. The eggs were tested through dipping its masses into the insecticide solutions. LC₅₀ values of neonates, first, second, third and fourth instar larvae and unsexed adults after 24 hours were 2.06, 3.19, 4.75, 6.46, 20.24 and 11.97 ppm (of commercial formulation), respectively. Results show that spinosad did not possess any ovicidal effects and the fourth instar larvae and neonates were the most tolerant and the most susceptible stages, respectively. Susceptibility of the neonates (up to 24 hrs after hatching) was significantly higher than that of first instar larvae (24-48 hrs after hatching). Developmental stages of Colorado potato beetle responded differentially to this insecticide. Since the control of L. decemlineata mostly relies on early season measures against the most susceptible stage(s), by considering no ovicidal effect, our results propose a limited interval, for avoiding the highly tolerant larvae.

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The historic record of pluralism is related to sophastaeyan period. In the present, Jhon Hic discuss a kind of religious pluralism in the extent of christiaity religion with other religions. Reseachers and benefactors everyone, have practiced to disquisition and realization this subject of subject of different sights. We can to see their result of article indeed with different in mystic texts. Among important questions in this way is,”which one of pluralism is consistency with Islam?” What is the logic of pluralists and their original stimulus of accept religious pluralism? Is the neglect or leniency a kind of behavery and public pluralism? The writer in this article practice to analysis this view in the Quran and Mollana’s poetries . Because Mathnavi in comparison with other texts, and practice to spacious legend and right and resolve inverts about this subject, have universality.Writer this article critic thought a few of benefactors a bout pluralism.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of some insecticides with novel modes of action on Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and their sublethal effects on pupal mortality, pupal weight and sex ratio in adult insects. The effects of hexaflumuron, chromafenozide, chlorfluazuron, cyromazine, lufenuron + fenoxycarb and azadirachtin and chlorantraniliprole were evaluated on 1^st instar larvae of L. sativae using a leaf dip method. Dose - response lines were constructed for insecticides which caused higher mortality of the larvae at field recommended doses. LC₅₀ values for chlorantraniliprole, cyromazine, azadirachtin and hexaflumuron were 0.24, 0.49, 8.51 and 67.6 mg ai/l, respectively. A significant reduction in pupal weight and adult emergence was observed in all of the treatments except chromafenozide; but the adult sex ratio did not change significantly compared with control. Most of the insecticides used in this study are fairly new compounds with unique modes of action and had considerable lethal and sublethal effects on L. sativae. If these results also hold true in the field and commercial greenhouse conditions, these compounds could be suitable candidates in management of vegetable leafminer.
 

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New historicism refers to an approach that does not accept history as the historians convey. This approach mostly is based on the ideas of the American professor, Stephen Greenblatt, in the eighties of the twentieth century. According to Greenblatt, new historicism presents a new reading of the text, not a school of criticism. New historicism investigates the multilateral relations of the literary works with other texts including the historical ones to clarify their inter-textual and extra-textual aspects. New historicism inspects the relations of power and cultural, social, and ideological constructs. From the new historicist point of view, there is no difference between literary and non-literary texts. The present paper attempts to examine The Silence of the Sea to reveal the author’s and the history’s influence in creating the literary work. With the help of Greenblatt and Foucault views, inter-textual factors such as power relations as the main context are studied in the paper as well.
 
 

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The 28 Mordad Coup (1953 Iranian coup) is a turning point in the recent history of Iran. Although many books and articles have been written about this event, this paper aims to study the coupe from a different perspective. Wallerstein’s World System theory is one of the major theories that represent the critical and meta-theoretical approach toward current theories which study social, economic, and political phenomena. This study attempts to apply a new approach to analyze the 28 Mordad Coup according to this theory and specifically attempts to examine whether it is possible to explain Mossadeq’s coup and his dismissal on the basis of this theory. The authors believe that it is possible to clarify the British-American coup to dismiss Mossadeq based on two factors of Wallerstein’s theory: preserving exploitation relation, also known as preserving inequality in global domain, and controlling over raw material.      

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Aims This study was conducted to determine the Exotic fish food strategy of rainbow trout escaped from cultivating cages located in the southern basin of the Caspian sea (Mazandaran).
Materials & Methods A total of 90 specimens of this species were collected during the period from September 2017 to may 2018 from bony fish from west to central coast of Mazandaran. Sample of fish were biomediated and the age was determined by scales and operclum.
Findings The relative frequency of food items were Balanus glandula , Clupeonella cultriventris , Cerastoderma lamarcki, Neogobius fluviatilis،  Atherina caspia ،Chelon saliens ، Chinavia hilaris  ، Taxiphyllum barbieri ، Rutilus kutum، Cumacea،  Syngnathus  caspius  and  Gasterosreus aculeatus respectively. The result showed that a wide range of food was more central than the west, the fullness index in the female was more than male and in age groups older than 2 ⁺ and 3 ⁺ is more than 1 ⁺ (P>0.05). The fullness index, especially in the spring, increased significantly, the presence of B.glandula  more than C. cultriventris, but its relative importance was less than C. cultriventris (P> 0.05). 
Conclusion This fish has a carnivorous behavior and uses a wide range of foods, so it is possible to compete with many species of Caspian sea fish such as Salmo caspius. The effects of the adaptations and behavioral, physiological and ecological mechanisms of C. cultriventri and B.glandula  were more important in fish feeding.

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Imagology or representation of the “other” provides the opportunity for the nations to see their face in the mirror of the “other”. Through imagology, the conversations begin, and identification of the “other” leads to recognition of “self”. Alterity and the necessity of recognizing “other” are significant keys in self-awareness. Examining several layers of travelogues represents a way to discover the underlying meaning of the text, with regard to the imagological keywords such as I, the other, classified view, judgment, and stereotypical thinking. These layers are read in four stages in Sharh-e Zendegani-ye Man by Abdollah Mostowfi (1878-1950), in which he explains his journey to Russia. The first layer is read, regarding the difference between “I” and the “other”, and the influence of the “others” on the author’s life. In the second layer, the classified view of “I” (Mostowfi) upon “other” is studied. The third layer refers to Mostowfi’s consideration of the reality of Russia and the effect of his stereotypes and mental concepts thereon. The fourth layer includes his linguistic structure and descriptions. Ultimately, Mostowfi’s journey to Russia is affected by his view and mentality, and it is not an account of the absolute and certain reality. By clarifying his way of thinking and living, his time, and the political and cultural relations between Iran and Russia at that period, along with his presuppositions and mental concepts, we can grasp a relative understanding of Mostowfi’s picture of Russia.

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Human being perceives phenomena by perceiving another series of phenomena, especially by using metaphors which enormously facilitate the comprehension of abstract concepts. While metaphors play an important role in generating science, language and even remodeling our way of thinking, there is hardly specific model for metaphors that can be used in scientific branches and particularly in terminologization. Building a model would not only be useful for word formation but also appears fruitful for terminologization in artificial intelligence and machine translation. The question which may be raised here is whether to know if it is possible to design a model which compiles both conceptual and lexical categories so that it represents a combination of platonic & Aristotelian perspectives and definitions longly addressed for metaphor. To answer the above mentioned questions; we have adopted Alexeeva’s metaphorical model which is in continuance with platonic perspectives on the subject and is in alignment with cognitive approaches. The hypothesis may be formulated as if Alexeeva’s model would be sufficient enough in creating new metaphors. Once we have briefly evoked the recent investigations about metaphor and have quickly revised its functional classifications, we analyze its pertinent illustrations in Persian corpus language and present our new model on the basis of cognitive sciences. We would finally see the possibility of terminologization in our new proposed model. The results of this investigation show that Alexeeva’s metaphorical model is not fully-fledged enough to be addressed in terminologization. However by altering and moderating some features of this model, we may redesign the sand hour glass model so that the concepts which are shaped in the 1^st sphere is mapped via assimilation in the 2^nd sphere, according to which a single term , may find two different extensions in their respective spheres. Although the term used in 2^nd sphere is conceptually speaking similar to the 1^st sphere, but the extensions of term in these two spheres are considerably different. As the extension of the term utilized in the 1^st sphere is extended, the 2^nd sphere has used the metaphor in a different sphere or context. Consequently, our proposed model is not merely projected in language, but the terms created inside it are nourished mutually by conceptual lexical realm. Therefore, in contrary to what it is stated by Alexeeva, metaphors are not exclusively lexically labelled, but they are also conceptually marked. We are finally convinced that according to the context that metaphors are utilized in, we could expect different extensions and appreciations of the terms.

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The core question of this paper is what are the main parameters that have drifted the theoricians and practicians from GTT toward the socio-communicative and cognitive theories of Terminology? It deems that the functional interactions between concepts, word/term, syntax and their interrelation, and even their difference in the units of meaning have led ontologically and epistemologically to the formation and development of various kinds of terminological theories. By differentiating different theories and sub-theories of Terminology according to functional relationships pertaining between concepts, words, terms, syntax and by following up the various contours of this development from lexical turns in the early GTT to the significant transfigurations that have ensued in frame-based terminological units, we have discovered that neither GGT, nor socio-communicative theory and even nor cognitive theory have not considered the importance of syntax; because every syntactical analysis regardless of the language (general or specialized) should be based upon a syntactical theory. Whereas both terminology and syntax have remained conservative toward each other.
We have also witnessed great efforts that terminological theories deploy to differentiate terms and words; these efforts are brought into action to an extent that some theories such as wusterian GGT, consider “terms” «exclusively as linguistic codes» presenting specifically different functionalism in respect to “words” in “general language”. This means that in GGT, Terms and onomasiological organization are predominant in nominating and qualifying specialized terms. Whereas in framed-based terminology, uses “frame” and semasiological organization to present the terminological entries.
Saying so, it deems that the ontological and phenomenological differences of semantic units in GGT and frame-based terminological theory and also inattention toward the context and the structure of technical term formation within GGT in respect to socio-communicative terminology and socio-cognitive terminology, have created some tensions in initial concepts and the very basic presumptions of these theory. This actually opens up the way to the development of other reactional or even opposite theories.
We have also noted that “terms” in communicative terminology are «content-based structures», but this theory, like all others lack, using appropriate syntactical model. Moreover, the formation of meaning is still opaque in communicative theory. In communicative terminology, although the meaning is rendered by its semantic representations, but there is no evidence that how these representations are actualized: we don’t know neither their common points or their divergent points, nor their constraints. Thus, onamasiological organization in communicative terminology, needs to be more clarified.
As for socio-communicative terminology the effort is to offer a complete definition and description of a term; this demands listing thoroughly the whole terminological entries of the given specialized discipline. We also need to propose an ontological model for each notion. But before doing so, we need to consider the relation of categories and their independence from cultural and linguistic context.
Despite this, conceptualization in frame-based cognitive terminology encounters two main problems: Given that language and culture are subjectively represented in all levels of conceptualization, the question rises, logically, about the standard criterion for distinguishing the linguistic units. Meanwhile, since subjective representations are unlimited we may imagine an infinite number of conceptual relationships. Therefore, it appears that “idealized cognitive models” or “prototypical categories” are actually rather subjective and personalized than objective and universal. This will inevitably, affect conceptualization and also terminologisation in cognitive theories and block, for indeed, any effort of normalization according to objective criterion.
Thus, it is necessary to design, for ontological and phenomenological purposes, a specific model (or some specified models) in specialized fields, facilitating by this way, the perception of that field for the specialized users. It is also recommended to create systematic models or common axiological models which allow somewhat structured definitions for each term and which are able to elaborate significant relations of the conceptual and semantic categories in each field of knowledge.
 

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Political rhetoric is one of the new forms of rhetorical science or the use of persuasion’s means in speech. In this regard, the parliamentary rhetoric, which is one of the most prominent manifestations of the political discourse of the countries, needs to be studied substantially. The five main centers of Rhetoric as creativity (Ethos, Logos, Pathos), Disposition, Eloquence, Deliverance and Memorial, form the important phases of the Rhetorical study of lectures from traditional to current concept. In this study, with the aim of examining the strengths and weaknesses of the debates in the general speech of the Islamic Consultative Assembly’s members, the authors will find a new pattern of the parliamentary rhetoric in Iran. By examining the pattern of general speech in the representatives of the two political fractions, Omid and Velayat, the authors have found that in most cases, regardless of the difference in the type of Pathos, speakers are weak in Disposition and Deliverance section. Finally, based on the results obtained, the authors provide a model for achieving a principled speech based on rhetorical rules. Finally, based on the results obtained, the goal is to provide a model for achieving a principled speech based on rhetorical rules in order to provide a dynamic and efficient parliamentary rhetoric based on daily needs of country.
 

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Language and expression are part of the miracle of creation and one of the precious skills that emerges from the complex and mysterious world of man. Whatever the communicative function of language, other functions such as emotional, referential, intellectual and artistic functions explain the need to produce different ways of using language to achieve different objectives. The question also leads to the creation of secondary meanings, which has long been one of the themes of the science of meaning in the field of rhetoric. In the new vision of meaning, in other words - semiotics, cognition becomes more active by giving importance to other functions of language. In addition to persuading the public to search for hidden semantic layers of text, the questioning schema allows the production of different meanings in different contexts. As an apparent sign, the question mark "?" plays an important role in producing different meanings. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the semantics of these indices in the poetic universe of shafi'ei Kadkani that contain questions, including the results that the poems provide a more contextual and audiovisual connection with the audience and provide a context for the speech with the audience. The presentification of absence and the absentification of presence enables discursive interaction and the realization of the "transcendental I". By selecting poems containing "questions" this article did a qualitative analysis of the content.
 

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The relation between culture and language, features the need to examine the effectiveness of language textbooks. Considering the goal that foreign language teaching is mainly associated with the entry of cultural issues into the learner' knowledge, this need increases especially during learning a foreign language. Due to the today's growing importance of visual communication, this article offers a new perspective on images of English language textbooks in our system of education, based on the semiotic model of Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006), which emphasizes the importance of constituent elements of culture and society in analyzing linguistic signs; such as clothing, traditions or customs of cultures and subcultures. Paying attention to limitations of this case study, "ethnicity and location" are analyzed in the images of "Visions" and "Prospects". The present study explains how discourse is represented in these images, based on a scientific background and descriptive-analytical method with the aim of examining the social and cultural functions of language. The results show that the studied textbooks don't have a specific "ethnic-racial" approach and selection of "place" was without bias of the source language or the target language; In this way, the illustrator didn't pay special attention to his or her own language in choosing the images
1. Introduction
Due to the today's increasing importance of visual communication, the present study has a new perspective to this issue and examines the various forms of visual communication and discourse representation in images of "Visions" and "Prospects"related to place and ethnicity. Sometimes it is not possible to express everything that is presented through the images with a linguistic tool, and the opposite is also true. In this study, in addition to examining the semiotic pattern of Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006), we will look at the questions: how discourse is represented in images related to "ethnicity" as well as "place". A deep connection between English language and its related culture and the need to confirm that English language textbooks contain cultural issues in addition to linguistic issues, resulted the researcher into analyze multi-style texts after extracting. In this article, we try to analyze images at the levels of representational, interactive and compositional meaning using descriptive-analytical method. This study is based on the hypothesis that the mentioned English language textbooks, don't have a specific ethnic-racial approach and images related to "place" play a role in conveying concepts without biasing the source language or the target language.
 
2. Literature Review
It is necessary for images to meet the conditions of representation and communication, sothat they act as a complete communication system. One of the language semiotics' schools is social semiotics, which deals with a social dimension of meaning in the communication media and pictures. Social semiotics has many possibilities for semiotics and is presented with the assumption that signs and messages should considered in the field of social processes (Kress & Van leeuwen, 2006: 6). Studies like Meshkat (2002), Shin & Kubota (2008), Amouzade et al (2013), Wue (2014) and Ahangar & Shirvani (2016) have discussed the discourse representation in multimedia texts. However, the present research is a new study to newly published English textbooks "Prospect" and "Visions". Although Halliday's theory (1994) is capable of analyzing pragmatic aspects of language, it is incapable of studying multi-style texts. Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006) improved and generalized his idea to images. Torres (2015) evaluated textbook's social-visual semiotics in the educational system of South Korea based on Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006). His findings indicated that some visual and verbal messages conflict with each other. He also explains that this opposition reveals the purposeful ideology within those images. Rouhani and Saeed Far (2013) worked on a comprehensive study using the grammar model of Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006). They analyzed the images of old high school textbooks. According to their research, images aren't used in the service of language learning completely. With this in mind, let's know the other part of paper. 
 
3. Methodology
This research applies Halliday's theory (1994) and Kress, G. & Van leeuwen (2006) to analyze discourse representation in images of English textbooks "Prospects" and "Visions" which affect the students as learners. In this article, we try to analyze images at the levels of representational, interactive and compositional meaning using descriptive-analytical method.
 
4. Results and Discussions
By analyzing the data, the initial hypotheses are confirmed. In this way, the studied images show that people having different ethnicity are the same. They tend to show that it doesn't matter what their particular race or skin color is; rather, human beings regardless of these features, can be successful and efficient people if they have necessary competencies. In selecting place-related images, public locations such as the street and the classroom are selected. It has a general aspect and isn't specifically related to a particular language or culture; As a result, no orientation of the source language or the target language plays a role in conveying concepts

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Language of science, as a tool for transferring knowledge, experiences and exploring news concepts and scientific innovations, is interconnected with word formation, terminologisation and academic writing. Since the representation of scientific language is highly different from general language, knowing the specific characteristics and linguistico-communicative features of this language deems necessary for maintaining an unequivocal and accurate scientific communication. Thus, the paper investigates quantitatively & qualitatively the frequency of these features in scientific language of geology. Hence, a corpora of 36 geological texts published randomly taken from peer reviewed journals is analyzed according to two distinctive features: “textual organization” and “linguistic structures”. The results illustrate a fully-fledged representation of scientific language in geology affirming that the abundant usage of repetition, encapsulation, hyponymical classification ensure the gradual semantic development. Simultaneously, the effervescence of modal verbs, linking verbs accompanied by nominalization and passive statements reinforce the transmission of scientific message in an objective and economical language. Moreover, our statistical analysis over 13805 linguistico-communicative statements illustrates that the most frequency belongs to textual cohesion (morphological and syntactical), and in the second run, to what corresponds to linguistic economy (nominalization, resumed statements), while the modal verbs and instances have scarcely configured in the studies corpora

1. Introduction

Language of science, as a tool for transferring knowledge, experiences and exploring new concepts and scientific innovations, is interconnected with word formation, terminologisation and academic writing. Since the representation of scientific language is highly different from general language, keeping track of the specific characteristics and linguistico-communicative features of this language deems necessary for maintaining an unequivocal and accurate scientific communication. Accordingly, we may raise this question that how the “Language of Science” (LS) is represented in scientific texts of specialized disciplines? A possible hypothesis is that among pragmatico-communicative, morphosyntactical and terminological features of the language of science, those related to linguistico-communicative features, i.e. textual organization and linguistic structures, are organized in such way that they differentiate the pragmatico-communicative features of language of science from what is commonly known as General Language (GL). It deems that this differentiation is subsequence of the high frequency of linguistico-communicatives components of the language of science; i.e. high percentage of linking verbs, doing verbs, modal verbs, metatextual statements, and smart usage of some principles such as repetition, nominalization, encapsulation, etc.
Thus, the paper investigates quantitatively & qualitatively the frequency of these features and components in scientific language of Geology throughout a corpora of 36 geological scientific texts taken randomly from peer reviewed journals. The methodology is driven on the “textual organization” and “linguistic structures” that Scarpa (2010) and Rossini Favretti (1988) have presented. We have therefore excluded any morphosyntactical and terminological featuresthat may appear in a scientific language.
Firstly, the results illustrate that the linguistic features of geological scientific language (technical and/or academic language, passive statements, linking-doing verbs, modal verbs) are more accentuated than textual organization (linguistic catalyzers, predicative statements, metatextual statements and those realted to textual cohesions); that is 50.83% of linguistic features vs 39.1% of textual organisations which form the pramatico-communicative feature of Language of Geology, Interestingly, merely 10.07% is alloated to other components of a scientific language. This may indicate that a scientific text is not only different from the General Language by its terminological and morphosyntactical features, but considerably because of the high frequency of linguistico-communicative features that differ dramatically from GLs pragmatic-communicative aspects.
Secondly, in the macrocategory A (linguistic features) the “lexical cohesion” is the most frequent component; whereas in the macrocategory B (textual organization) the nomanilization with value of 15.47% is the most remarkable and the most recurrent linguistico-communicative component. Amid these two macrocategories, the modal verbs and instances are the least recurrent (only 2.99%).
Thirdly and more generally speaking, a fully-fledged representation of scientific language in Geology is ensured by the gradual semantic development that is brought about thanks to the abundant usage of repetition (6.90%), encapsulation (6.10%), and hyponymical classification (6.10%). Interestingly the abundance of these three features is meaningfully close to each other. Simultaneously, the effervescence of linking verbs (4.74%) accompanied by nominalization (15.47%) and passive statements (13.21%) reinforce the transmission of scientific message in an objective, univocal and economical language.
Moreover, our statistical analysis over 13805 linguistico-communicative statements within our geological corpora illustrates that the most frequency belongs to textual cohesion (in sum 21.17%) regardless of logical-cohesional connectors (4.74%), and in the second run, to what corresponds to linguistic economy (nominalization, compressed statements; i.e.15.47%). This is true while the modal verbs and instances have scarcely configured in the studied corpora (2.99%).
The results also indicate that the linguistico-communicative features of the geological language are such that every user with any level of knowledge may easily communicate with it (characterization of General Language), but at the same time and quite paradoxically, the very specific textual organization and the specialized representations of linguistic structures denounce its specificity, raffirming that this is not a general language but a specialized language accustomed to specific usage of some professionals or specific language users. The dialectic of Specialized Language vs General Language is maintained where the abundancy of nominalization and passive statements in Specialized Language is very pronounced, but this is not the case in General Language. In contrary, the high frequency of modal verbs and the verb conjugation system in General Language justifies the non-economicity and univocity of this type of communication. Ultimately, it seems that more investigations should be implemented to investigate more profoundly the blurred frontiers of GL vs SL throughout the morphosyntactical, terminological and linguistico-communicative features of all language types, covering not only GL and SL(s), but also including Artificial Languages (ALs).
 

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  Probiotics are live microorganisms which when consumed in adequate amounts, can have a beneficial effect on the host. Lactic acid bacteria are the most common type that have been introduced as probiotics and are present in dairy products. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the probiotics from microbial flora of cow milk and its traditional yogurt in Khoi area. To achieve this goal, the lactic acid bacteria were isolated by phenotypic methods (cellular morphology, colony pigmentation, Gram staining, catalase test, biochemical tests including growth in different temperatures 10°C, 15 °C and 45 °C, various concentrations 4 % and 6.5 % of salts and fermentation of 17 types of sugar) and their probiotic potential (resistant to stomach acid and bile salts) were evaluated. Then, to identify more accurately, the 16S rRNA gene of Lactobacilli were replicated with pairs of specific primers and then the purified PCR product was sent for gene sequencing. At the end, 14 strains of Lactobacilli were reported as the natural microbial flora with probiotic potential in Khoi area. These bacteria provide the good quality of the dairy products in those areas and can be used as the starter culture in industrial manufacture of dairy products.  

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A few species of aphids are widespread and economically important in Iran's apple orchards. In this study, we looked for economical, environmentally friendly, and efficient management of aphids with particular emphasis on green apple aphid (GAA) Aphis pomi (de Geer). We aimed to avoid early-season pesticide applications, avoiding specific applications for aphid control and managing them via applications done against codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella L., choosing suitable insecticide and dose to minimize side effects on prevalent natural enemies. Thus, CM was monitored by pheromone traps from mid-March in an apple orchard of the Agricultural Research Station of the University of Tabriz to determine the time of application based on degree days accumulated from a biofix. The number of GAA, rosy apple aphid (RAA), Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini, and their natural enemies were counted separately. It is known that GAA is the predominant aphid, and two species of ladybirds, Coccinella septempunctata (L.), and Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), are dominant species of the region. Acetamiprid was chosen as an effective insecticide against both CM and aphids. The lethal effects of this compound were studied on different stages of H. variegata and the last instar GAA. The orchard was divided into four plots, and each plot was assigned to a treatment including control, label dose (LD), ½ LD, and ¼ LD. Although LD killed 10% more GAA than ¼ LD, the damage intensity was 12-16% higher in the former. Considering economic benefits and reducing side effects on natural enemies, we recommend using ¼ LD of acetamiprid.




 

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Persian carpet weaving is one of Iran’s most famous industries that has attracted the world’s attention to Persian arts through the centuries. What above all, have given prominence to Persian carpet as a beautiful work of art are the pattern and its composition in a two-dimensional space. The diversity of patterns, use of deep and beautiful colors, good composition, harmony of colors, delicate and poetic composition are among the most outstanding features of Persian carpet. Industrial advancement and development of transportation in the 19th century led the western explorers to travel eastward making them acquainted with the cultural heritage of these civilizations. William Morris, the leading thinker and artist of the British Arts and Crafts Movement is among the first to conduct a research on Persian carpet’s patterns and designs. In this paper, we are proposing a semiotic approach to the transaction between Persian artists who made beautiful and ever-lasting carpet designs and William Morris as a pioneer of Pre-Modern Movements in Europe, who studied and recognized the underlying principles of Persian art (mostly carpet), and applied them in a creative way to his own remarkable hand-made designs.