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Background: In this study, we investigated the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus agr groups to detect the predominant type according to the source of isolation and assessed the possible relationship between agr groups, types of infection and susceptible or resistance to methicillin. Materials and Methods: DNA of 194 S. aureus isolates were extracted by lysozyme-phenol chloroform method that included 85clinical samples, 58 samples were isolated from nose of health care workers and 51 were obtained from food products in Gorgan, North of Iran. PCR-based assays were used for the identification of agr specificity group and mecA gene. Results: The majority of isolates belonged to agr group I (43.3%), followed by agr group III (28.87%), agr group II (22.68%), agr group IV (5.15%) and 40.7% of strains were MRSA. In our study, the majority of S. aureus isolates recovered from health care workers and food products were agr group I and isolates recovered from patients were agr group III, these differences were statistically significant (P-value <0.05). There was no statistical difference between the agr groups, infection type and susceptibility or resistance to methicillin. However, agr group III was the predominant group in MRSA strains. Conclusion: Theagr group I was predominant among isolates of health care workers and food products specimens in Gorgan, North of Iran, while agr group III was predominant in MRSA strains and the isolates from patients. Investigation of the possible role of agr group III in S.aureus infections in the further studies is recommended.

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In the  Bacillusamyloliquefaciens α-amylase (BAA), the loop (residues from 177-185; region І) is the constructive part of the cage responsible for attachment to calcium. It has two more amino acid residues than the α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis (BLA). Arg176 in this region makes an ionic interaction with Glu126 from region ІІ (residues 118-131) but this interaction is lost in BLA due to substitution of R176Q and E126V. It is the common feature of α-amylases that calcium ion is required for their thermal stability. The present work quantitatively estimates the effect of ionic interaction on the overall stability of the enzyme. To clarify the functional and structural significance of corresponding salt bridge, first an automated homology model of the mutant enzyme (∆E126) was built by the Swiss-Model Protein Modeling Server.  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens α-amylase (3BH4.pdb) was used as the template and examined by GETAREA and WHAT IF programs, then Glu126 was deleted (∆E126) by site-directed mutagenesis and the thermostability was examined for the wild-type and mutant enzymes. Modeling results showed that deletion of salt bridge affected on the hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues orientation of two discussed regions (Ι, ΙΙ). The mutant enzyme also exhibited lower thermostability relative to the wild-type enzyme. Thus, it may be suggested that salt bridge could affect on accessible surface area of the discussed regions, decrease water diffusion,  prevent diffusion of cations and improve the thermostability of the whole protein.

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Background: The comprehensive evaluation program of the health system in higher education is a strategic plan in line with the goals of health reform program. The planning levels are based on 12 general policies. As professors of medical universities have an important role in public health promotion, this study aimed to identify the outcomes of faculty development at medical universities in Northern part of Iran, based on evolution and innovation program of medical education.
Methods: This qualitative research was conducted using Grounded Theory Approach during 2015-2016. The research population consisted of 22 faculty members of medical universities in Northern part of Iran. Sampling was performed by a purposive sampling method for those who had responsibilities at university or college.
Results: The results of the obtained data suggested two main themes: the internal university outcomes (i.e. Promotion of education quality at universities) and external university outcomes (i.e. Public health promotion).
Conclusion: It is suggested to education policy makers to apply a more accurate and systematic plan in order to achieve development and growth of their faculty members; so, the effectiveness and efficiency of faculty members and consequently higher education will be promoted.

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In this paper, we show how to obtain suitable differential charactristics for block ciphers with neural networks. We represent the operations of a block cipher, regarding their differential characteristics, through a directed weighted graph. In this way, the problem of finding the best differential characteristic for a block cipher reduces to the problem of finding the minimum-weight multi-path way between two known nodes in the proposed graph. We applied Hopfield network to find the minimum-weight multi-path way. In this technique, the probability of convergence to a local minimum increases when the number of rounds of the cipher increases. We also applied Boltzmann machine to avoid local minima. We applied these techniques to find 3-round, 4-round and 5-round differential characteristics of Serpent block cipher, and repeated the optimization procedures for each characteristics 100 times. With Hopfield network, we obtained suitable results 100, 20 and 1 times for 3-round, 4-round and 5-round of the Serpent respectively. With Boltzmann machine, we obtained suitable results 100, 99 and 30 times for 3-round, 4-round and 5-round of the Serpent respectively. These results show that simulated annealing help avoiding the many local minima of energy function. We compare the probabilities of our obtained differential characteristics for Serpent with the probabilities of eight differential characteristics previously reported in other papers. The comparison shows that our proposed technique obtains better results in 6 cases, and the same results in 2 cases. We also found a 7-round differential characteristic with a probability of 2-125 with Boltzmann machine. Neglecting the reported Bommerang differential characteristics of Serpent, our obtained 7-round differential characteristic is the first report on a differential characteristic for more than 6 rounds of this cipher. The results of experiments indicate the efficiency of neural networks to find suitable differential characteristics of block ciphers.

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Translation is one of the most prominent intercultural fields that has seen ups and downs over the past years and it grows steadily. An important aspect of translation is the cultural issue. Since cultural elements belongs to a particular people and groups and differ according to their speech, deeds and tastes, will face the converting of meaning to the target language with problem; ﹾindeed, these problems are rooted in the amount of translator knowledge about the cultural elements in the source language. Peter Newmark (1988) is one of the most famous experts in the field of translating cultural elements. Newmark has divided cultural elements into five categories and provided fifteen methods for their translation. The present study evaluates five Persian translations of the Quran, regarding to Newmark's theory, using a descriptive-analytical method. The criteria for these selecting translations are the specifics method of each translation in their writing style. However, those mentioned translations have been created between 1988s and 2004s. In this research, the translation of the materialistic culture of clothing in the Quran has been studied and its purpose is to know which of the fifteen methods of cultural translating elements has a greater role in translating of clothing element?

 The results of the research indicate that translators have often chosen literal translations and they have chosen the cultural equivalent, and semantic method to translate the cultural elements.

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In this study, we have investigated Sam battles; the hero of Sam Nameh; applying structural research methodology. To this goal, at first , the collection of battles have been categorized in five agents such as subject , battle’s motif , battle adversary, adjuvants , and the results of battle. Then, by summarizing table data, we reached nine total conclusions related to the battle’s structure of this poems. At the next step, by reducing these nine conclusions, we obtained three general formula. The main function of Sam nameh hero’s battles is to highlight an exaggerated hero who is always victorious. In a non-linear study and regarding sender / motif pairs, the progress of battles is separable. The first class includes hero’s battles from beginning of the story till his departure to the land of Shadad A’d and then his battles with the king of china and his army by the motif of love.    
Second class has been devoted to the collection of hero’s battles with regard to religious motifs and other marginal factors. Also, Sam Nameh hero’s is an independent actant who do not obey any king. Considering this fact and absence of no national motif , it is possible to say that Sam Nameh is not an epic work , rather this is a love story whose poet intervention in order to shape a an affected discourse has made it an exclusive work with special structures. 

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از دیرباز اسطورۀ قهرمان یکی از مهم‌ترین مفاهیم داستان و روایت‌های حماسی سراسر جهان بوده است و تاکنون الگوهای متعدّدی برای زندگی تکرارپذیر قهرمان پیشنهاد شده است. یکی از این الگوها، الگوی «خودآگاهی در جنگل جهان زیرین» کلاریسا پینکولا استس است و هفت مرحله‌ دارد که عبارت‌اند از: معاملۀ کورکورانه ، قطع عضو، سرگردانی، کشف عشق در جهان زیرین ، شیار کشیدن روح ، قلمرو زن وحشی ، عروس و داماد وحشی . این پژوهش پس از معرّفی الگوی خودآگاهی در جنگل جهان زیرین، انتخاب نزدیک‌ترین افسانه‌ها به الگوی موردنظر و تقسیم آنها از نظر ساختار و محتوا به چهار گروه، نشان می‌دهد که این الگو با مراحل و مصداق‌های افسانه‌های ایرانی همخوانی مطلق ندارد. از این‌رو نگارندگان با درنظرگرفتن همۀ افسانه‌های انتخاب‌شده به‌عنوان روایت‌های متنوّع و متعدّد از یک ساختار واحد، به الگویی دست یافته‌اند که از نظر ساختار و محتوا، شباهت‌ها و تفاوت‌های بارزی با الگوی استس دارد. در الگوی پیشنهادشده، از نظر ساختار، نحوۀ تکرارپذیری برخی مراحل سفر زن-قهرمان با الگوی استس متفاوت است. از حیث محتوا نیز مضمون‌هایی مانند کودک، معاملۀ کورکورانه و قطع عضو، در افسانه‌های ایرانی نمود اندکی دارد، محتوای مرحلۀ «عروس و داماد وحشی و قلمرو زن وحشی» نیز بسیار گسترده‌تر از محتوای قصّه و الگوی استس است.

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Aims: Essential oils are a complex of volatile compounds obtained from different parts of plants. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) essential oil (EO) is known as a suitable source of antibacterial compounds. The aim of present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of cinnamon EO and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) against 2 strains of Listeria monocytogenes.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 2 strains of L. monocytogenes (a standard strain and a fish isolated strain) were used. The antibacterial activity of cinnamon EO and ZnO NPs was assessed by well diffusion test. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of cinnamon EO and ZnO NPs were also determined using broth macrodilution method.  Moreover, the antibacterial properties of cinnamon EO and ZnO NPs were investigated in a liquid medium. The data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software, using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests.
Findings: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of cinnamon EO were 16µl/ml and 64µl/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the MIC and MBC of ZnO NPs were 12.5mg/ml and 25mg/ml, respectively. The bacterial population significantly decreased with increasing the ZnO NPs and the cinnamon EO concentrations (p<0.05) and during cold storage, there were significant differences between the 2 strains.
Conclusion: Cinnamon essential oil and ZnO nanoparticles have strong antimicrobial effects against L. monocytogenes, so that the cinnamon essential oil shows bacteriostatic effects on Listeria, but ZnO nanoparticles show bactericidal effect.

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The translation of "Ambiguity", especially in the Holy Quran, is one of the most challenging topic in linguistics. A variety of techniques have been proposed to eliminate it, including the Garces technique. This model using Newmark's views, examines "the amount of positive and negative attributes that indicate adequacy and acceptability of the T.T". The study with a counter-analytical approach, examined translations of Mojtabavi and Saffarzadeh from the part 30 of the Qur'an to improve the quality of translated text, especially in the challenges of linguistic ambiguity, based on a scientific theory and model. And based on statistics, the quantities of these techniques have been compared. And the adequacy and acceptability of each translation is outlined in the first six Surah. The result showed that according to Garcés model, Mojtaba's translation with ambiguous and virtual words has a higher adequacy and acceptance than Saffarzadeh. Saffarzadeh, with unambiguous text, has undergone creative and complex additions to transparency; Especially in virtual vocabulary. On the other hand, in cases that need to be "explained", such as Qur'anic allusions, Mojtabavi's translation is less adequacy and acceptable than Saffarzadeh. Generally, Mojtabavi techniques have a higher level of adequacy and acceptability in disambiguation.
 

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The idea of the ritualism of mythpoints out that the existence of myth depends on rituals. The recent developments of this theory underline a common paradigm between myth and ritual. This paperexplores the emergence of the “Siāvashān” ritual in relation to the Siāvash myth in Ferdowsi’sShahnameh.Siāvash is one of the pre-Zoroastrian Persian gods who is associated with fertility myth and the agricultural culture. The ritual of his invocation is an inseparable part of the Siāvashān ritual. At the core of this ritual is “holy death,” which can be analyzedalongside the rite of the sacred king’s sacrifice and the dramatization of mourning for him during the New Year’s festivals. According to the anthropologists’ analyses of Dionysian ritual, the poetry associated with the holy death of Dionysus played an important role in the birth of tragedy. A similar relation existsbetween the Siāvash myth and the Siāvashān ritual.

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Hamzamehnāmah is one of the Persian folk tales published in different languages, in prose and verse, in the Islamic world. By collecting historical data and while examining and commenting on the origins of this oral epic, this study examines descriptively and analytically the historical documents on its origin. According to historical documents, the review of literature on Hamzamnāmeh as a literary genre in Persian literature and its various writings show that the origins of this story correspond to the events of Sasānian Iran. For the first time, the authors of the present research have tried to compare the origin of Hamzanāmeh in the Sassānid era with the epic story of Bahrām Chobin and have attempted to describe the similarity of this work to a lost epic of pahlavi literature called Bahrām Chōbīn book. This analogy compares all the historical events in which Hamzah is present with the historical narrative of Bahram Chōbīn and shares any similarities. By examining the probability of the Sasānian origins for this story, it is possible to make this hypothesis that the story of Hamzah has been implemented based on the free translation of Bahrām's Pahlavi story into Arabic (with many intermediaries), or at least into Arab folk literature, the myths of Bahrām has had a direct influence on the formation of Hamza's oral epic, although the popular principle of the work gradually took on an Arab-Islamic character.

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Oral –formulaic composition (theory) has been originated from Homeric studies in Parry and Lord Works and is widely used in most languages. In the field of folk prose texts of Persian several researches have been conducted, all of which have addressed the issue of general stereotyped propositions. On the basis of these achievements, foreign scholars have considered Persian epic poems, particularly Shāhnameh, as a product of narrative and oral tradition. With a new look at narrative scrolls as oral epic texts, this article in addition to presenting their general propositions, introduces another type of proposition in the form of epic statements in three parts: a) Propositions indicating the beginning or entry to the scene of wrestling c) Propositions indicating the beginning of wrestling and C) Proposals indicating the end of wrestling that are presented and describe the function of each category. The paper concludes by proving that the scrolls and narrators of the manuscripts had in mind a treasure trove of these propositions and used them automatically when they thought of combat. Therefore, one can better understand the narrative structure of the Persian oral epic by using this method and extracting the assertions used in various martial art.

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When a text is comprehended in a familiar context and enjoys a coherent whole, it is called a discourse. Reading a discourse is owed to linguistic knowledge and non-linguistic cognition. As a narrative, an autobiography has its textual world. Its reality is a result of the method used for linguistic coding. Through the linguistic relativity on the part of the author, the self and the world are actively constructed. Through an analysis of linguistic domain in autobiography, for denotative meaning and connotative meanings, the author’s worldview is known. The subject in autobiography is moving from one experience to another. It is placed on a continuum of language, adopting multiple positions arisen from connotative utterances. Performance of this self has become a postmodern norm. We should ask about the relation between language and reality in autobiography, and about aspects of cultural identity of the self-represented. This article attempts to say that in our reading of a postmodern subject in the center of autobiography, in view of language as a medium for expression, and meta-language as a language to explain the language used to represent the self, how the multiple “self” & “others” arisen from such texts could be realized in language and participate in various discourses.
 

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Introduction
“Ferīdōn” is an Indo-Iranian myth whose story is narrated in the Avesta and Hindu Rigveda with little difference, and the meaning of his name is "third". From two hundred years ago up to now, researchers have been looking for the cause of this naming and have not yet responded. In this article, after the introduction and Research background, in which the linguists' opinions about the etymology of Ferīdōn's name are criticized, the mythical Theoretical framework is analyzed.
2. Discussion
In this part Ferīdōn Function is explained in three steps:
3 1. Transfer « Farreh-e Kiāni »  and Function of the Priest-King from  Jamshid to Ferīdōn:
In this step, we showed that the important role of the Priest-King has been transferred from  Jamshid to Ferīdōn. The force to which this transfer depended is the « Farreh-e Kiāni ».
3- 2. Possession of twin pairs that are a symbol of fertility (Jamshid Sisters: arənavak. and  saŋhavak):
These two sisters, like the goddesses of fertility, never grow old and ugly, and are symbols of fertility that, like the throne and Farreh-e Kiāni , are transferred from one kingdom to another.
3- 3. Transfer of the function of the totemic position to (in the body of the totem cow):
The cow is a sacred animal in Indian and Iranian culture and mythology which is the symbolic ancestor of and the common surname in her family who were generally farmers.
The next part was Data Analysis. In this section, the mythological function of the myth is analyzed on the basis of Diachronic semantics.   In the naming of mythology, the "name" makes abstract of the first function of a myth. When no written documentation exists, historical linguistics can extract this function of the myth from the name of that myth. This essay attempts to reveal the secret of the naming of Ferīdōn, by adopting diachronic etymology of the name of the myth with its function. In Vedas, the meaning of the name of his two older brothers is "first" and "second". This research proves that, at the earliest time, the cause of the name of Ferīdōn was the third and best producer of Haoma (= Vedic Soma), or that he was the son of the third producer. Diachronic Etymology has also proven that he was the son of the god of waters and inherited the throne of the father.
Conclusion
 In Iranian mythology, the Dissociation of characters has complicated the problem. Therefore, the results of this paper have shown that in the analysis of Ferīdōn 's mythical function, three dissociations have occurred. The first is the dissociation from āθwya to Trita. In this step, the synthesis of mythology has included the state of Transforming "Trita āθwya" into the second and third producer of Haoma
The second dissociation, was dissociation from Ferīdōn to Garshasp. In this step, the synthesis of mythology has included the state of Transforming third producer of Haoma two heroes with Farr-e Kiani and Farr-e Mehi
And finally the third dissociation, was dissociation from Ferīdōn to Iraj. In this step, the synthesis of mythology has included the state of Transforming the function of the third brother to his third son to belong to Farr-e Kiani to Iran.
This function recently has become the model of the victory of the third son and the myth of the three brothers, due to the sublimation and holiness of the Myth number of "three" in all religions.
 

 
 

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Aims: Cardiovascular disease remains highly prevalent in Tehran City, Iran, necessitating a careful consideration of the quality of life among individuals afflicted with heart disease. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of recovery-oriented cognitive therapy on quality of life and life expectancy in cardiac patients.
Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental study employed a pre-test/post-test design in cardiovascular patients who visited the Tehran Heart Center hospital for cardiac rehabilitation in 2022-2023. Recovery-oriented cognitive therapy was used as an intervention for the experimental group (n=24), and the control group (n=30) had no intervention. Following a month-long intervention comprising two sessions per week, patients underwent reassessment at three- and six-months post-treatment. The short form 36 (SF-36) and adult hope scale-12 (AHS-12) questionnaires were used. The data was analyzed using the Bonferroni t-test, covariance-based statistics, and one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using the SPSS 21 software.
Findings: There were no significant differences in the quality of life and life expectancy parameters between the experimental and control groups. The quality of life and life expectancy showed consistent and significant improvement across all four measured time points
Conclusion: Recovery-oriented cognitive therapy positively affects the quality of life and life expectancy in cardiac patients.

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In this paper, in order to recognizing of moisture resources of western part of Iran and water vapor transport quality from surrounded around areas to this region were selected. The study of specific moisture distribution and precipitable water in the study area indicate that the moisture from two days before precipitation start on the Iran, in lower levels of troposphere from southern region of Red sea and Aden gulf, to north of middle east and then from precipitation start day to east (west of Iran) were replaced. Calculated moisture flux values have indicated that Arab and Oman seas in study period have the heights divergence of moisture flux specifically in lower levels of troposphere. But the role of Red sea in middle levels is clear. The result of this study indicates that eastern Mediterranean Sea not only has not moisture sending but also from Oman, Arab, Red Seas and theirs central part moisture received. The highest moisture in precipitation days on the Iran observed in the lower levels of troposphere that are equal only in northwest region, moisture transition rate in lower levels and middle of troposphere. Also the result indicates that Oman Sea and Arab sea are the most important resources of moisture supply of occurred precipitation on the west of Iran.

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The NCEP/NCAR monthly mean reanalysis data have been used to investigate the temporal and spatial variations of subtropical anticyclones over the Asia-Africa. The geopotential height and zonal and meridional wind components of 1000, 500, 200 and 100 hPa in a 30-year period (1971-2000) have been employed to determine the geographical characteristics, frequency and ridgeline of subtropical anticyclone in a domain of 60 -120 from April to October. The results revealed that there is an obvious difference about the location of subtropical anticyclones at lower, middle and upper levels. While Iranian anticyclone has been located in both middle and upper levels of troposphere, the Azores high, the Northwest African anticyclone, the Saudi Arabia anticyclone and the Tibetan anticyclone have just seen at lower, middle and upper levels of troposphere, respectively. The summertime geographical pattern of anticyclone center at 1000, 500, 200 and 100 hPa showed one mode (east of Atlantic Ocean), three mode (northwest Africa-Iran-Saudi Arabia), dispersed(from south china to west of Iran) and bimodal (Tibetan plateau-Iranian plateau) of distribution, respectively. In all levels, the maximum latitude of the ridgeline of subtropical anticyclone has related to august, which have been located over the northern flank of Tibetan plateau at 500 hPa, a wide region from the east to west of Asia at 200 hPa and Iran at 100 hPa. The most latitudinal jumping of ridgeline was from June to July, which has been reaching to 10 degrees along some longitudes.