---

Cultural activities can play a key role in communication between people in a city and help the identification of the space and people through the social memories’ creation. Nowadays, performing rites in Iran as an access to identification and displaying of our culture and tradition, lost their past values and it is necessary to pay attention to them and their magnificent role in the improvement of the urban spaces. In this research, the area around the grand bazaar in Tehran in the center of the city where thousands of people go for everyday shopping and has traditional places like Golestan palace which attracts many tourists every year, has been selected as a study case. Bazaar has always been the significant cultural-social pivot in the center of the cities and every year many social activities such as religious rites like Ta’zieh and Moharam mourning are held in this place. In this research, with the use of analytical-defined method and historical documents in order to reach more information about concepts and after the study of different cases in other parts of the world, the analysis of this case study has been done and in the end, the essential measures have been suggested for the improvement of this place for holding the social rites which emphasize that it is possible to provide the bilateral communication between public urban spaces and these events. 

---

Effects of neighbourhood environment and leisure time physical activity on the elderly

---

Spending leisure time under the influence of economic-social developments and global values ​​is one of people's concerns. This research aimed to compile the political relations of serious leisure with the intention of travel and mediation of place attachment among men and women trekking Tehran's Tochal Mountain. The research method was a descriptive correlation implemented in the field. The statistical population of the research is trekking tourists who stay 12 nights a year at the resorts of this mountain. PASS software was used to determine the sample size. Finally, 275 samples participated in the research. In order to collect data, the questionnaires of Gould et al. (2008), Ramkinson et al. (2013) and Zhang et al. (2016) were used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used using SPSS version 25 and Lisrel version 8.8 software. The results showed that the two changes of serious leisure and place attachment could predict approximately 24% of the acceptance change related to travel intention. For this reason, one of the important factors for increasing people's intention to travel for leisure activities is place attachment. Also, the findings show no difference between male and female trekkers of Tochal mountain in terms of serious leisure, place attachment and travel intention score.

---

---

Different types of leisure surround today's world. Playing video games is the most popular type of digital leisure in Iran and the world. This research's main goal is to analyze gamers' constraints and motivations based on the PCM model. The statistical population of this research is gamers under the age of 30 who play video games for at least 1 to 6 hours per week in their free time. Descriptive statistics methods are used to analyze the data. (statistical indices of central tendency and dispersion) and inferential statistics of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test were used. The results showed a significant relationship between the understanding of constraints and the position of people in the PCM model in such a way that each of the dimensions of Constraints are understood differently in the stages of the model and show different deterrent power in different classes.
 

---

Sports and human capabilities

---

Special attention to physical activity in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
 

---

Aims: However, with the emergence of “Mobilities Turn” and consequently the “New Mobilities Paradigm”, different flows and modes of movement are considered as actions constructing various individual and collective lived experiences, enabling the new experience of the expressed concepts from among the moving experiences. No comprehensive and proper methodologies have been developed for understanding these mobile lived experiences although two decades have passed since the emergence of this new paradigm and this epistemological issue in the field of social sciences. The study tries to develop the methodology to understand these mobile lived experiences – the methods that can reach the hidden meanings of these mobile experiences.

Methods: After examining this methodological gap, the study explain and proposes “mobile autoethnography” as a new approach to understand these lived experiences in motion
Findings: mobile autoethnography is an approach enabling the researcher to understand the lived meanings in the actions of movement in everyday life environments through the lived experience of self and others within the framework of the new mobilities paradigm.

Conclusion: Autoethnography is an emerging approach in ethnography which aims to understand everyday life’s experience can be used to understand mobile lived experience in the field of  urban mobility in urban studies disciplines.

---

---

Objectives: In recent years, the study of the concepts of resilience in different urban areas at different scales has attracted special attention, although the level and number of these studies are very small. Especially in the city of Tehran, which has entered the modern period from traditionl period ,the issue can be considered.
Methods: in the current research , first through library studies in the filed, items related to physical , environmental and social resilience in residential complexes were extracted.then, in these complexes, there are many modes of this type of resilience , which can be achieved by studying and classifying them to the degree of desirability of these complexes. the case study ,studied in this research is kOI No bonyad residential complex, because it is very popular despite the fact that it was built a long time ago .this research is done with interpretive method and in the form of qualitative and quantitative analysis. questionnaire, which was distributed among the residents of this complex to measure the level of physical -environmental and social resilience.
finding: from the findings of this research , it can be seen tha ASP foundation complex(ASP towers)has high level of resilience despite its high construction year.
conclusion: with the investigation done, the patterns used in the complex, which caused its durability , popularity and high resilience , can be used in the design of modern residential complexes so that we can have lasting buildings.

---

Osteoporosis, which is known as a silent epidemic, the most common bone disease in humans, representing a major public health problem worldwide. At least, 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men over the age of 50 will suffer a fracture resulting by weak bones impacting the quality of life and the independence of millions of people. Osteoporosis is considered a health problem in the Middle East countries including Iran. The level of awareness about osteoporosis among people and health care professionals are estimated not enough in many countries. Considering the importance of awareness about prevention and self-care behaviors of osteoporosis and in order to promote people's health literacy about this issue, the World Osteoporosis Day (WOD) was launched on October 20 International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). The WOD marks the launch of a year-long campaign to raising health literacy and awareness of the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis and metabolic bone disorder. It aims at putting bone health on the global health agenda and reaching out to policymakers, health providers and experts, the media, and the public. These campaigns involve patient societies around the world and have played an important role in raising public health literacy and awareness of bone health and the importance of preventing osteoporosis and fracture. Despite recording WOD in Iranian official calendar and public awareness programs regarding the prevention, self-care, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis and fragility fractures of it in our country, they need to be strengthened.

---

The family Neanuridae belonging to order Poduromorpha, class Collembola includes terrestrial animals which play vital roles in decomposition and nutrient cycle in soil. Up to now, the fauna of this family has not been investigated in various areas of Golestan national Park (Hyrcanian forests). In order to identifying species of the class Collembola in this park, numerous samplings were carried out from soil, humus, and moss in 2015 and 2016. Then, the Collembola specimens were separated by using Berlese Funnel, stored in 75-85 percent ethyl alcohol and identified according to valid identification keys. Meanwhile, the species Friesea afurcata Tullberg, 1869) from the Neanuridae family is reported for the first time in Iran and Golestan province.

---

Abstract:
Research subject: Leaching and recovery parameters controlling the releasing of selenium from Sar-Cheshmeh copper anode slimes are studied and determined.
Research approach: Copper anode slimes is produced during the production of cathodic copper at the bottom of electrolyte cells, which is composed of insoluble anode components in the electrolyte. The copper anode slimes are made up of those components of the anodes, which are not soluble in the electrolyte. They contain varying quantities of precious metals like gold, silver, selenium and tellurium, and other precious metals in the anodic copper. They are being extracted as a by-product in the copper production process. Due to the fact that the main source of selenium is sulfur deposits such as copper and nickel. Copper anodic slimes is currently the only source of selenium in the world. In this study, the extraction of selenium from anodic copper slimes has been feasible. To do this, acid leaching has been used. Copper anodic sludge is the raw material for the production of more than 90% of the world's selenium and is the main source of selenium production.[1-3]
Main result: In this paper, the effect of operational parameters such as acid concentration, temperature, process time and liquid to solid ratio on selenium recovery through copper slimes leaching was investigated. The optimum conditions of batch leaching For maximum selenium extraction from anodic copper slimes are attained at 3 mol L^-1 of HNO₃ concentration, 0.01 (W/V) solid to liquid ratio for 60 min contact time at 70 º­C. Under the optimized conditions, the selenium leaching efficiency was 99%. The thermodynamic data showed positive values of both ΔH and ΔS which indicates that the leaching process is indeed endothermic and random while the obtained negative values of ΔG show that selenium dissolution process is spontaneous in nature.

---

Background: In Iran, the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 disease were detected with the death of 2 people in Qom city. Then other cases were reported in Markazi, Tehran, and Gilan provinces, and after that the disease spread to all 31 provinces of the country.
Materials and Methods: All data used in this study were collected from the reports of the National Committee on COVID-19 Epidemiology in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran. To investigate the effect of traveling between neighboring provinces, a spatial rate smoothing method was used, showing the impact of neighborhood on the disease prevalence. Also, to investigate the relationship between population density and disease prevalence, spatial regression was used at a significance level of 5%.
Findings: Based on the estimated spatial rates, the disease prevalence rates changed in many provinces compared to the raw prevalence rates. Population density was also found to be directly related to the disease prevalence, so that with increasing population density, the disease prevalence rate increased (p <.001).
Conclusion: It seems that case finding process should be done actively in all provinces of Iran regardless of administrative borders. Provinces should also be classified in terms of the disease transmission risk according to population density of patients, which may indicate the probability of contact between individuals.

---

After World War II, the concept of human beings became a new place in western philosophy. The issue of the confrontation of man with another human beings has led to the design of the "other" theory as "existential", which ultimately leads to a moral affair. In line with these ethical changes, Emmanuel Levinas poses the reality of the Other and considers his presence in our lives, our identity and our feelings inescapable. This research analyzes the emotional relationships between the characters of two novels :"Madame Bovary"of Gustav Flaubert and "Two Landscapes" by Ghazaleh Alizadeh based on Levinas philosophical opinions. Let's begin by analyzing Levinas's philosophical and theoretical foundations of the "other" question. In the following sections we will find that one of the main themes of Flaubert and Alizadeh's works is the importance of a "other" position in the relationship of characters. Then we will study the various aspects of the concept of "other", such as "face", "sense of responsibility", and "femininity", and finally, by analyzing these dimensions in reviewing the relationships between characters, complete our research. We get In sum, the main focus of this research is to describe how the characters of these two novels encounter each other in their own situation with the "other".

---

---

Backgrounds: For centuries, arboviruses have been spreading like a wildfire across the world, especially in developing countries like Nigeria with inadequate diagnostic and disease surveillance facilities, causing infinite death and suffering in human and animal populations. Therefore, this study aimed to discuss the impact of arboviruses on public health with a focus on Nigeria and West Africa.
Materials & Methods: About 100 research articles were downloaded from online journal databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and African Journals OnLine (AJOL) with the following keywords: arboviruses, emerging, public health importance, Nigeria, and Africa.
Findings: A total of 50 articles were used to write this review after a thorough screening. Arboviral infections caused by yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, West Nile, dengue, and chikungunya viruses were reported in Nigeria and discovered based on seroprevalence studies.
Conclusion: Hemorrhagic fever, abortion, neonatal death, and decreased production in livestock are the most obvious features of arboviral infections; therefore, they are of public health and economic importance. Thus, there is a need to strengthen and refurbish the healthcare system in the country by employing preventive and control measures, vaccination campaigns, and other strategies to prevent the occurrence of diseases in the future.

---

Aims: Dysmenorrhea is a common menstrual disorder characterized by painful uterine contractions, which often leads to absenteeism from school and decreased productivity. Method and Materials: This article provides an overview of primary dysmenorrhea and its impact on female adolescents, emphasizing the significance of pain management strategies. The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea affects approximately 70% of young women globally, underlining its public health implications. The article explores various risk factors, including biological, psychological, social, and lifestyle influences that contribute to dysmenorrhea. Additionally, it discusses the common practice of self-medication among adolescents, primarily through the use of over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and the potential risks associated with improper use. Effective management strategies, such as physical exercise, dietary modifications, and psychological interventions, are highlighted as essential components in alleviating menstrual pain. The importance of health education, particularly in school settings, is emphasized to improve awareness, promote healthy lifestyle practices, and foster a supportive environment for adolescent girls. Conclusion: This comprehensive approach aims to enhance the overall quality of life while addressing the specific health challenges females facing  during their critical developmental years. Ultimately, investing in the health and well-being of adolescent girls is vital for fostering future generations and advancing national progress.

---

The unique physicochemical properties of nanoscale plasmonic materials have attracted considerable attention in the fabrication of hybrid nano-bio structures because of their promising applications in biosensing, imaging, and controlled-release drug delivery. The purpose of this study was the synthesis of functionalized gold nanorods (GNRs) to both reduce the toxicity and increase the biocompatibility for further applications such as the design of a therapeutic nanocarrier for nucleic acid delivery to cancerous cells. In this study, GNRs were prepared by seed-mediated method and their surface was modified by polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) polymer. Then, peptide-functionalized GNRs was fabricated via ligand exchange method through the Au-S bond. The CTAB-GNRs and functionalized nanostructures were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta potential measurement. Finally, the cytotoxicity effects of functionalized GNRs on Hela cells were studied by MTT assay. The optimal concentration of PSS and peptide, which did not cause any aggregation and morphological perturbations of the nanostructure were obtained 50μM and 1mM respectively. The survival percentage of treated Hela cells significantly increased by surface modification of GNRs with PSS and functionalization with peptide compared to CTAB-GNRs. While LC50 of functionalized GNRs was calculated 50nM, treated cells with the same concentrations of CTABGNRs survived less than 20%. Functionalization of GNRs increases its biocompatibility and improves applications of this nanostructure as a therapeutic carrier in cancerous cells.

---

Aims: In this study, more expedition work has been done to clarify distribution map of the Bungarus persicus. In addition, providing more specimens to confirm occurrence of the species.
Materials and Methods: The Persian Krait, Bungarus persicus, was described based on two specimens from Baluchistan, southeastern Iran. On 5 September 2020, collected from the Tidar region, Bashagard, Hormozgan Province, southern Iran. Also, another road killed individual, was found at the same location. Further evidences provided that indicate the local population of Bungarus persicus in southeastern Iran belongs to the Bungarus sindanus complex.
Conclusion: However, further molecular studies on Iranian Bungarus are necessary to clarify the species validity of Bungarus persicus and evaluate its similarity with the other congeners.