Fathi Chiman, Ramin Moharrami, Bijan Zahiri, Shahriyar Giti,
Volume 11, Issue 43 (12-2018)
Abstract
Despite the harmony and consistency in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh's with Hegel's belief in his aesthetic lessons about the features of “proper epic”, he calls Shahnameh incommensurate and lacking an independent functional center. He knows the proper epic, the manifestation of the totality of the world of a nation, which is the result of the human manifestation of incomprehensible myths. Therefore, the original epic poetry, as the first stage of the self-consciousness of the absolute soul, can be regarded as absolute art, which, by creating a kind of collective consciousness in the historical community, has the highest degree of consistency between the subject and the object. The aesthetics of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh also focuses on the actual fulfillment of mythological content, namely: "the controversy of the opposing forces. In this paper, first, using Hegel's views on proper epic, we have answered his criticism about Shahnameh, and then, relying on the categories of "Hegelian philosophy", including: the family, the system of needs, and the country or goverment, in the category of social ethics, in a comparative analysis method, we will prove that Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, like some of the world's greatest epic, unlike Hegel's views, has the most prominent features of an proper epic with the power to convey the common religious and moral understanding of the world, is a global and lasting art.
Shokouh. S Tabesh, Saeid Shafieioun,
Volume 13, Issue 49 (12-2020)
Abstract
Cultural Semiotics, concerned with revealing the processes of meaning formation and identifying inherent values and norms in texts, was established by Yuri Lotman (1922-1993). This approach to text analysis, by focusing on the interrelation of different semiospheres, provides a new possibility to analyze cultural events to identify the means of text production in a specific semiosphere. Mythological-theological texts appear to be significant cultural sources for such an analysis and therefore Avesta, as a mythological-theological text, was selected for the current study. This paper has focused on Jamshid and attempted to study the delegitimization process of Mithraism and legitimization process of Zoroastrianism. Jamshid was studied in the binary of Self and Other and he was viewed as a god in Mithraism who, by the depreciation of vedic ideas and the influence of Zoroastrian semiosphere, had obtained a sinful character. Sinfulness of Jamshid was explored here by analyzing his introduction to the new semiosphere, the rejection of Other and the emphasis of Self culture (Zoroastrianism).
Seyedeh Maryam Ameli Rezaei,
Volume 15, Issue 57 (7-2022)
Abstract
Archetypic criticism is an approach which has had considerable development in writing the scientific papers in recent decades. It is mostly used in literary studies and is interconnected to the literature. Designed by a research plan, this paper studies the archetypic criticism in Iran discussed in literary criticism in the academic papers related to the epic genre, and analyzes the discourse of archetypic criticism, its repetitive elements and also the development of such elements in papers. It starts by reviewing the works of effective individuals on introducing archetypic criticism, its discourse, its historical and thematic developments in epic genre, employing a descriptive- analytical method. Interdisciplinary studies have focused on archetypic approach since the 1960s. In the 1980s and 1990s, many authors especially those who are now well-known in this field, opened a new way in studies of archetypic criticism. The dominance of content analyses, comparative reading and discovering the meaning, are some considerable specifications of papers of this period. During the 2010s many academic papers were published on this matter and the current paper has investigated their structure and method.
Extended Abstract
Archetypic criticism is an approach which has been considerably developed in recent decades. This type of criticism is mostly used in literary studies. Derived from the research plan, this paper studies and analyzes the archetypic criticism in Iran in academic papers related to the epic genre, and analyzes the discourse of archetypic criticism, its repetitive elements and also the development of such elements in papers. As already mentioned, Studies on Shahnameh [The Book of Kings] were mostly shaped by orientalism at the beginning of the century. Following nationalism and the establishment of new concepts such as government- people, epic studies and especially works focusing on Shahnameh, expanded in an extensive form. Before the 1950s, they were mostly related to the content analyses, vocabulary and linguistic studies, and so they could be considered as historical and sociological introductions to Shahnameh. From the 1950s/1960s, psychological and mythological studies in literary studies were introduced to the field. At first, papers and books on Shahnameh, written at the beginning of the century, were reviewed and then papers on archetypic criticism of epic genre from the 1990s were studied. The style of writing has seemingly changed during the 2000s and 2010s. Scientific research journals provide an academic requirement for essay writing with the predetermined methodologies. Many academic papers were produced within these two decades. Their main structure was studying the details, choosing two or more elements and trying to employ the theory in the context. As observed in many papers, this approach has both advantages and disadvantages. In the 2000s, attention has been given to visual specifications and natural elements in myths but in the 2010s, the characters were related to more complicated definitions of archetypic criticism such as shadow, persona and perfection of hero. Travel, rebirth and decorum patterns are apparently the most significant ones in this period.
