1 2008-0360 Tarbiat Modares University 1008 Bakhtinian Dialogic Subject: Past and Present Pourazar Roya b Sokhanvar jalal c b Ph.D. Student, Shahid Beheshti University c Professor of English, Shahid Beheshti University 1 7 2015 8 30 7 36 26 03 2015 22 06 2015   Although Bakhtin did not formulate any theory of subjectivity per se, the problem of subject or, as he called it, “self” formed one of his main critical interests. This study focuses on his definition of “dialogic self” and the different notions of subjectivity discussed in his books in the course of his twenty-five year career. For convenience, five stages are introduced through which Bakhtin has constituted his definition of subjectivity by taking a piecemeal approach to the issue. These stages are labeled as: ethical, aesthetic, novelistic, carnivalesque, and dialogic subject. Except for the carnivalesque stage, each of these stages is built on the modification of the previous stages about subjectivity. It was only in the carnivalesque subject that he discusses a new characteristic for the subject—a characteristic that was eventually omitted in his final paradigm. Two of the contemporary theories of “dialogic self” predicated on Bakhtin’s ideas are also briefly discussed in this study. One is Hermans’ theory of subject-space/subject-position, and the embodied dialogic subject, and the second is the later developments on Hermans’ theory of the dialogic self.
12159 Investigating an Exegetical Narrative Structure in the Mystical Anecdotes Mohammadi Kaleh-sar Alireza d d Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Shahrekord University 1 7 2015 8 30 37 54 30 01 2015 22 06 2015 Regarding exegesis as a fundamental specificity of the mystical language, this paper introduces one narrative pattern in the mystical anecdotes. As in most of the didactic forms, this structure is constituted by a mistake and a punishment; but in this case, the mistake takes the form of a norm. A new mistake and its punishment are then introduced and the first overt mistake is not followed by the expected punishment. The emphasis on the second mistake is the result of a hermeneutical process. This pattern, as a result, proposes a narrative description of the act of exegesis in the mystical texts. From this point of view, highlighting some mistakes and overlooking the others can show the function of mystical conventions in the mystical narration. Although this interpretation is based on the structural and narrative aspects of mystical texts, it pays attention to the linguistic and conceptual aspects of these texts as well.  9705 Valuation System and Self-Enhancement: Factual/Fictional Narrative of the Literary Author in Auster’s Man in the Dark Barani Forough e Hosseini-Maasoum Seyed Mohammad f e Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics and Foreign Languages, Payame Noor University f Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics and Foreign Languages, Payame Noor University 1 7 2015 8 30 56 80 03 03 2015 22 06 2015 The application of self-valuation system within the framework of fictional/factual positioning can be remarkably useful in providing a new approach to the analysis of the relation between the novelist and his/her fictional hero. In this paper we are examining the valuation system of the protagonist of the novel Man in the Dark (2008) by Paul Auster. Based on Hubert Hermans’ Valuation Theory, we examine the meaning units and their affective connotations in the narratives of the protagonist/author during his factual storytelling and his fictional confrontation with his hero. Moreover, basic motives of self-enhancement and the contact and the :union: with others and finally their affective profiles are discussed based on the model presented in the paper, i.e. Virtual Fictional/Factual Positioning (VFP). The findings of this research truly indicate that the art of storytelling helps the protagonist to rebuild his own identity and fix the ruins of his past. The dynamics of fictional and factual positioning motivate the I-as-storyteller position, which could effectively overcome the challenges created by I-as-husband and I-as-creator-of-war position and eventually develop new positive perspectives for the future.  9911 A Study of Four Corresponding Genres: Karnameh and Shahrashub; guild poetry and Shahrangiz. Shafieioun Saeid g g Assistant Professor of Persian, University of Isfahan 1 7 2015 8 30 81 118 11 03 2015 22 06 2015 Karnameh, Shahrashub, Senfi (guild)poetry, and Shahrangiz are the names that are used often interchangeably in the sources due to some similarities and the fact that they share the same root. However, these genres have enough nuances that can distinguish them into four separate genres. Of course, it is more difficult to consider karnameh as a genre since there are few and sometimes incomplete examples of it and that, practically, karnameh is transformed into shahrashub at last. The same is true about senfi poetry in which the professions are described poetically and the craftsman is portrayed as the beloved but, later, they were entered into shahrangiz genre and sometimes became extended and coherent works instead of scattered poems. Identifying the delicate features of these genres requires a lot of precision and, indeed, the inaccuracies have caused some of the experts and scholars to confuse these genres. However, it should be noted that, even at the time of their currency, poets and literary figures considered them as not following any norm and convention. Drawing on original sources and taxonomical studies, this research aims to identify and represent the nuances of each of these genres.  10541 A Study of the Function of “Mind” in the Formation of Ruzbihan’s “Mystical Experiences” Kazemifar Moein h Gholamhosseinzadeh Gholamhossein i h Ph.D. Student, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran i Associate Professor of Persian, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1 7 2015 8 30 119 144 29 07 2014 15 12 2014 The scholars who study mystical experience are often divided into two main groups. The first group is advocates of “essentialism.” The advocates of essentialism believe that mystical experience is self-determining and mind-independent; therefore they think all mystical experiences share the same essence and features that are universal and trans-cultural. The second group has a constructivist approach. For them, there is a fundamental relationship between mind of the mystic and hisher mystical experiences. They believe that former experiences and backgrounds form the mystical experience and therefore the mystical experience is an individual phenomenon affected by the mind, language, and traditions of the mystic. This article defends the constructivist approach by providing various evidences from the mystical experiences of Ruzbihan that is reported in his spiritual autobiography, Kashf al-Asrar. To do this, as one of the most important component of Rouzbahan’s cognitive world, we analyze his tendency toward concrete, tangible, and embodied phenomena. The result of this research demonstrates that, as constructivists scholars have said, Ruzbihan’s belief that “the human body is the manifestation of God” led him to attribute anthropomorphic features to God and angels in his mystical experiences and visionary dreams 2856 A Cognitive Linguistics Study on Multi-Network Metaphor of “Mother and Baby” in Mawlānā’s Diwan Karimi Tahere j j Ph.D. in Persian, Al-Zahra University 1 7 2015 8 30 145 168 11 03 2015 22 06 2015 The use of various metaphors in mystical texts has opened up a new horizon for the readers and has expanded their understanding of the meaning of the universe. Because of its associative function in mystical texts, metaphor creates new experiences for the reader—experiences that are foreign to the reader’s personal experiences. This research draws on George Lakoff’s and Mark Johnson’s studies on “Conceptual Metaphor” (Cognitive Linguistics). These two theorists believe that reasoning and conceptualization inseparably depend on physical and environmental features. In Mawlānā’s poetry, the act of conceptualizations and reasoning is tied to biological capabilities and physical and social experiences of the individuals. There is a chain-like network of metaphorical relations in Mawlānā's cognitive world ‎ that starts from conception of an embryo in womb and continues to weaning the child. The conception of Jesus in Mary’s womb and Jesus’s birth are one of the most common metaphors to explain Mawlānā’s understanding of the Master’s unity. Furthermore, inside this network, Mawlānā uses the mother-child relationship to account for God-Human relation. This paper studies the metaphor of mother and all the images related to the growth of a child, for example the breastmilk, through which Mawlānā explains the steps of seyr-o solook (spiritual quest for the truth).  5531 Step by Step with Sadegh Hedayat In India Akhtar Nadeem k k Research Scholar, Centre for Persian and Central Asian Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India 1 7 2015 8 30 169 186 13 08 2015 22 06 2015 Sadegh Hedayat visited India and was back to Tehran in September 1937. But his exact date of arrival in India is still a mystery. However, it is confirmed that he visited many cities of incredible India like Bombay, Bangalore, Hyderabad etc. in the years 1936-37. Hedayat’s tryst with India was quite friendly and his later writings covered a great deal of depiction of that country. The stories that he had written in the post period of his visit to India consists of beautiful tapestry of Indian believes, culture, customs and tradition and his seminal work The Blind Owl can be seen as one of the finest pieces of Indo Persian literature where he made a fusion of Iranian plot with the elements of Indian customs and culture. It was the article- Hindustan Dar Aieneh-i-Buf-i-Kur, written by Dr. Syed Akhtar Husain which made the world realize that, a writer who had spent around two years  in India and infused India in his  Persian writings, ironically, remained unnoticed by the Indians. Hedayat who depicted the history and culture of India in his writings at the time when India was witnessing  the twilight of Persian literature in the sub-continent. Dr Hussain believes that Indian scholars must come forward to write  details of Hedayat’s footsteps in India in order to pay him their debt. Being a student of Indo Persian literature and of Dr. Syed Akhtar Husain, I deem it my duty to write in this article about the foot prints of Sadegh Hedayat in India through his letters and stories. This article is a result of my visit to the places where Hedayat was moving during his stay in India,  his friends and hosts in India and ups and downs he faced in the country- all has been covered in this paper along with the photographs. 9622 A Discussion on the Structure of Mirabedini’s the History of Iranian Fiction Haghighi Farzam l l Ph.D. Student of Persian, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad 1 7 2015 8 30 187 208 05 05 2015 22 06 2015 Tarikh-e Adabiyat-e Dastani-e Iran[1] by Hassan Mirabedini has been essentially the result of his study on the evolution of fiction writing during his years in the Academy of Persian Language and Literature. This institution has already published another version of this book in two volumes in 2008 and 2012. After some time, a new version of this book in one volume was published with drastic changes by Sokhan Publication, edited by Ahmad Samiei (Gilani). This book has examined the formation and various incidents of Persian fiction from its inception to 1953. Here, I briefly examine the structure, methodology, innovations, and the relevance of this book to the future studies. This investigation examines less discussed subjects such as the influence of travelogues and folklores on the formation of Persian fiction, the preface of the first Persian novels, religious novels, detective and criminal stories, etc. [1] The History of Iranian Fictional Literature 10319 Common Errors in Identifying Stream of Consciousness as a Narrative Mode: Review of 18 Published Articles Bayat Hosein m m Assistant Professor, Department of Persian, Kharazmi University 1 7 2015 8 30 209 234 24 04 2015 22 06 2015 In recent years, more than twenty articles have been published in scientific Persian journals on stream of consciousness as a narrative mode. But in some of these articles, there is little knowledge about the theoretical aspects of this mode of narrative. This paper reviews 18 articles published in scientific journals on the subject and studies their errors. Some of these errors are as follows: misperception of the concept of the unconscious and its place in the internal monologue narrative, mistaking dramatic monologue for stream of consciousness, confusing internal monologue with other forms of first-person narratives, and misunderstanding the concept of soliloquy. One of the causes of these problems is that the authors do not refer to reliable sources. Another problem is the evaluation procedure of some journals that allows these articles to be published. 8358 qwdfg fgh sdfg nmbv hajiyan khadijeh 1 7 2015 8 30 240 248 05 01 2015 14 04 2015 * The Islamic Revolution of Iran, which shows a fundamental shift in the values and ideas of a nation, is undoubtedly derived from our cultural traditions, because any change in the mentality of a society occurs only in the context of the continuous flow of the history. Therefore, it must be studied with a two-sided cause and effect approach. Change, as a result of the Revolution, in the content and form and domains of different types of art, including poetry and literature is a clear observation. Studying the role of the Persian language, which has been the language and home to the Revolution, has a very important role in the realization of and promoting the values of the Revolution throughout the world. It is a must to study this role especially in countries located inside Iran's cultural domain due to the shared values and cultural ties. Accordingly, Afghanistan and Tajikistan are at the centre of focus in this study. * In this study, the importance of such examination is demonstrated first, including a brief review of the historical and cultural ties between Iran and those countries located inside Iran's cultural domain (especially Afghanistan and Tajikistan), which is then followed by reviewing the role of the Persian language and literature in promoting the values of the Islamic Revolution in those countries by focusing on the literature of the Revolution.