Tarbiat Modares University
Literary Criticism
2008-0360
11
42
2018
9
1
7
28
OTHER
Tarbiat Modares University
Literary Criticism
2008-0360
11
42
2018
9
1
Tazmin: A different term in the Bīdel Dehlavī's boutiquette
29
52
FA
bahman
banihashemi
PhD candidate, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies
Tazmin: A different term in the Bīdel Dehlavī's boutiquette
Bahman banihashemi[1]
Abstract
One of the difficulties of Biddle Dehlavi's poetry is the understanding of meanings and special uses of words and expressions in his poems. Bidl uses some Persian terms with meaning and phrases and is foreign to the meaning and terminology of the words in Persian. "Tazmin" is one of these terms used by Biddle in a different sense, and sometimes he has made a combination of "Mesrae Tazmin".
In this article, first, the definitions and meanings of the Tazmin are examined in dictionaries and rhetorical books, and then the meaning of the term in Biddle's poems is analyzed. Also, the term "Mesrae Tazmin" is examined. The author's method in analyzing the meaning of this term is to use Biddle's own poems, and for this purpose, the uses of the term in Biddle's poems are determined and explained. In the end, the meaning of "Tazmin" and "Mesrae Tazmin" is examined in the poems of some of Biddle's contemporary poets and compared to their meanings in Biddle's poems. This article shows that the terms "Tazmin", "Mesrae Tazmin" and "Mazmoun" in the 12th century AH in the Indian subcontinent have become literally specialized terminology and have adopted new definitions. In these definitions, "Mazmoun" is used specifically for the meaning of "Mesrae Barjaste", and the term "Tazmin" refers to the process of "Mesra resaani" or "Pishmesra resaani", also referred to as the "Mazmoun bastan". "Mesrae Tazmin" is a term used to "Mesra or Pishmesrae resaande".
Keywords list: Bidel dehlavi, Tzmin, Mesrae Tazmin, Mazmoun, Mesra resaandan, Indian style, Meaning analysis
1. PhD candidate, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies. bahmansher@gmail.com
Tarbiat Modares University
Literary Criticism
2008-0360
11
42
2018
9
1
The Archaeology and Genealogy of Miracle of Saints: A case study of the on “little food and infinite feeding”
53
83
FA
Davood
Poormozaffari
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
Manâqibs of Sufis (Hagiography) contain abundant stories that have been allocated to express wonder’s Sufis. The task of the article is an archeological approach to indicate regimes of truth in Manâqibs of Sufis, Shiite of Mânaqibs, the Prophet’s hagiography, the New Testament and the Old Testament. Then it reveals the rule of miracle of God is the hidden idea on the miracle of the saints. Miracles appears as a real continuance for the Prophet’s successors as a priority of the Prophet and his religious to other prophets and their religious. It also appears as a sign to confirm for prophethood. Having an affirmation of God and the claim of doing wonders puts Sufism in relations of power. It associates Sufism onto secular sides of social life being well-known to deny.
Tarbiat Modares University
Literary Criticism
2008-0360
11
42
2018
9
1
Discursive Construction of the Plot in Mystical Biographical Reports: Hallaj Riwāyāt/Narratives
85
112
FA
parsa
yaghoobi janbeh saraei
-
Mansoor
Rahimi
Biographical reports are a form of mystical narrativization that interpellates subjects with the aim of legitimization or delegitimization and organizes a fact or some facts in their favor or against them. A better understanding of these constructed facts requires explanation of the methods through which the plot of these reports are made from a discursive point of view. This study classifies and analyzes the discursive construction of plot in Hallaj narratives as a prototype of the two levels of legitimization and delegitimization in the biographical reports/accounts of fifthteen mystical books. To describe the process of signification and interpretation, some references are made to the concepts of Max Weber and Theo-Won Lyon for the legitimization process; some concepts by Foucault and Mary Douglas are also cited for delegitimization process. The result suggests that a group with a romantic-qalandari attitude have tried to legitimize Hallaj with the attribution of a form of authority, along with a positive moral assessment and mythologization to his narratives. Another group with an ascetic-religious attitude citing examples of religious-sharia and cultural-conventional disorder attributed to Hallaj, or his representation with an aim of removal or secrecy, have served the discourse of his exclusion and delegitimization. A third group have taken a middle standpoint. Although they have often defended Hallaj, in some cases they have raised some negative aspects of his life without any defense. Looking at these standpoints, it can be assumed that the type of stances are based on the epistemic-ideological world of the biographers...
Tarbiat Modares University
Literary Criticism
2008-0360
11
42
2018
9
1
How to Escape My Own Shadow?; A Critique of “Ideology and Interpellation of Black Americans’ Community in Amiri Baraka’s “In Memory of Radio”
113
122
FA
Mahdi
Javidshad
PhD Student of English Language and Literature, Shiraz University
One of the scientific faults that we occasionally face is the act of translating a published article into another language and publishing it in another journal as a new article. This may be done through some changes to title, key terms, structure, and content, leading finally to scientific faults in the second research. In the nineteenth number of the academic journal Critical Language & Literary Studies at Shahid Beheshti University, an article titled “Ideology and Interpellation of Black Americans’ Community in Amiri Baraka’s ‘In Memory of Radio’: An Althusserian Reading” (fall and winter 2017-2018, pages 187-208) by Seyyed Shahabedin Sadati and Alireza Jafari has been published which is very similar to an English article titled “The influence of ideological state apparatuses in identity formation: Althusserian reading of Amiri Baraka’s ‘In Memory of Radio’” published in International Journal of English and Literature (December 2013, pages 480-485). The author of the English article, Seyyed Shahabedin Sadati, is one of the authors of the Persian article who, by adding a co-author, making changes to the title and key terms, and incorporating additional materials, has tried to produce a new article, committing plagiarism along the way.
Tarbiat Modares University
Literary Criticism
2008-0360
11
42
2018
9
1
The Pathology of the Application of Metaphor in the Process of Theory Construction of Mechanical Formalism
123
147
FA
Behrouz
Soltani
دانشگاه گیلان
Ahmad
Razi
Guilan University
Alireza
Nikouei
guilan university
ارمغان نظریههای ادبی تحلیل نظاممند ماهیّت ادبیات است. نخستین مرحله از تکامل فرمالیسم روسی «فرمالیسم مکانیکی» یا «فرمالیسم تقلیلگرایی» نام دارد. این نظریه در ژرفساخت اندیشگانی خود برای تبیین ماهیت ادبیات از اسمانگاشت «ادبیات ماشین است» بهره میبرد. هر چند تبیین ماهیّت ادبیات از طریق استعارۀ ماشین زمینۀ بروز خلاقیت و تسهیل در توضیح و تبیین نظریه را برای نظریهپرداز فراهم میکند ولی پژوهشهای معاصر نشان میدهد که استعارهها فرایند ادارکی نظریهپرداز و در نتیجه فرایند مطالعۀ موضوع و فرمولبندی نهایی نظریۀ را نیز تحت تأثیر قرار میدهند و به نوبۀ خود در بحث انتقال نظریۀ ادبی به سایر فرهنگها، کژکارکردهایی نیز خواهند داشت. چرا که ادراک هستیشناختی، معرفتشناختی و روششناختی همۀ فرهنگها از حوزۀ مفهومی استعارۀ «ماشین» یکسان نیست. ازینرو، شاهد ظهور نوعی مطالعات فرمالیستی در زبانهای مقصد، مانند زبان فارسی هستیم که تلقی خاصی از روششناسی فرمالیستی دارند. بنابراین این نوشتار در صدد است با رویکرد توصیفی ـ تحلیلی کارکردها و کژکارکردهای استعارۀ ماشین را در تبیین ماهیت اثر ادبی در فرایند نظریهپردازی فرمالیسم مکانیکی و نیز انتقال آن بررسی کند. برای این منظور ضمن بررسی ریشههای فکری و اندیشگانی اندیشۀ جهان ماشینی به نقش تقلیلگرایی دکارتی در شکلگیری سطوح مختلف نظریۀ فرمالیستی میپردازیم و سپس بر پایۀ علل اربعۀ ارستویی به مقایسۀ ماشین و ادبیات میپردازیم و تفاوتهای ادراکی «ماشین» را در زبانهای روسی، انگلیسی و فارسی به شکل مختصر بررسی میکنیم. بررسیها نشان میدهد که تبیین ماهیت ادبیات بر مبنای استعارۀ مکانیکی، در مرحلۀ نظریهپردازی موجب شده است نظریهپرداز در فرمولبندی نظریه برای رسیدن به یک روششناسی خلاق و سازگار با اثر ادبی ناکام بماند، و در مرحلۀ انتقال نیز تفسیر و کاربست آن با نوعی بدفهمی مواجه شود.
Tarbiat Modares University
Literary Criticism
2008-0360
11
42
2018
9
1
critical study of the Application of Literary Theory in scientific researches (case study: structural narratology)
149
172
FA
Alireza
mohammadi kalesar
Shahrekord University
Non-methodological applying literary theory is one of the more important weakness’ of the literary studies in the Persian language. This weakness is more related to methodological wrongs of applying literary theory than to correct understanding of the one theory. Investigating the scientific research papers in the field of structural narratology, in this article, we aim to introduce and analyze the major drawbacks in applying to these theories and the causes and consequences of these drawbacks. The results of this research indicate that the nonchalance in applying to these theories lead to methodological wrongs in these articles. The most important of these wrongs are the educational and superficial approach to these theories, inattention to the basis of the theories, reductive approach to them. A Statistical investigating 90 scientific research papers, published from 2011 to 2017, in the end, we indicate these articles have no effective role in the process of forming the following ones.