Tarbiat Modares University
Literary Criticism
2008-0360
2538-2179
3
9
2010
5
1
The Modern “Philosophical Discourse” and Responsible Writing
8
28
FA
Bahram
Behin
Y
The banishment of poets from Plato’s Republic in order to reach at a society free from irresponsibility is the first step in the Western speculative philosophy to criticize poetry. From a Platonic point of view, irresponsible, irrational writing, of which poetry, due to its inspirational nature, is an outstanding realization, puts the ideal Greek society in disorder and thus should be avoided; philosophically speculative writing, which arises from rationality and truth-orientated thinking, should replace it. Although it is almost impossible to examine the credibility of such judgments, they have been raised in different guises throughout history to explain crises in human societies. With a special attention to the modern era, this paper argues that due to the shortcomings in the Western “philosophical discourse,” Western philosophical writings seem to be really dangerous and the cause of political and social crises. Conversely, writings arising from a “literary discourse” might turn out to be more responsible.
Modernism,text,philosophical discourse,Literary Discourse,writer’s responsibility,reader
http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-11023-en.html
http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-11023-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Literary Criticism
2008-0360
2538-2179
3
9
2010
5
1
Hajm Poetry and Cubism: a Reconsideration of the Theoretical Principles of Hajm Poetry according to the Cubist Aesthetics
29
48
FA
Dawood
Emarati Moghadam
-
N
Hosain
Fatemi
Mashhad univ
N
Cubism, which revolutionized the visual arts during the first decades of the twentieth century, had a significant impact on literature. It is often considered to be the twentieth century’s mode of expression. This article examines the influences of the cubist style on Hajm poetry – an avant-garde movement in contemporary Persian poetry which is mainly associated with Yadollah Royaei’s works. The main question of the article is how it is possible to apply the visual aesthetic principles and techniques to literature. The article is divided into three main sections. In each section, one of the common fundamental concepts between these two movements is introduced. These concepts are as follows: (1) the essence of the thing and the representation of reality; (2) three-dimensional image and the movement of the image; (3) and the concentration on the process of the creation of literary work through focusing on the materiality of artistic medium. These concepts are concretized by using some devices which create an effect similar to the cubist visual techniques, the consequence of which is to challenge the concept of representation in art and literature.
contemporary Persian poetry,Hajm poetry,Cubism,three-dimensional image
http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-8007-en.html
http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-8007-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Literary Criticism
2008-0360
2538-2179
3
9
2010
5
1
Study of function of “Allegory” from the perspective
Of some romantic critics
49
72
FA
Zohreh
Hashemi
Azadi Sq.Ferdowsi Univ. Faculty of Letters , Department of Persian literature
Y
Allegory, is one of terms that despite extensive use and antiquity in the west rhetoric because of had some commonalities and differences whit other rhetorical ornaments, such as metaphor, symbol, emblem, irony and etc. literary critics and rhetorician in providing precise definition and determination of functions of allegory encountered to confusion hence credibility and significance of it in the difference periods according to the intellectual currents to become whit many ups and downs. The Romantic school was one of the processes that first time rhetoricians have tried to study features and functions of allegory compared whit symbol for distinct of borders these two terms and provide precise definitions and specific characteristics of each terms. In fact we owe modern mean of allegory those comments of some ones such as, Goethe, Schelling, August Wilhelm Schlegel and Coleridge. These rhetoricians did the first systematic efforts in clarifying and defining the meaning of the term allegory. On this basis, the essays aim of the writer has been presented a report of functions and features of allegory in the Romanticism school passer authority over critical comments in this regard, such as ; Goethe, Schelling, A. W. Schlegel and Coleridge.
Symbol,west rhetoric,Romanticism,Allegory,Romantic Critics
http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-2923-en.html
http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-2923-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Literary Criticism
2008-0360
2538-2179
3
9
2010
5
1
Pseudo-Postmodernism: A Critique of Metafictional Techniques in Bivatan
73
89
FA
sahar
ghaffari
tehran kuy daneshgahe tehran
Y
The novelty in typography coupled with narrative techniques has turned Bivatan (Tehran, 2008) into a quasi-metafiction, i.e. a story which explores the process of its own construction. While in Bivatan the author is supposedly trying to produce a metafictional effect, a closer investigation into the novel will prove this claim void. In fact, Amirkhani’s novel fails to step into the realm of postmodernism.
postmodernism,Bivatan,metafiction,Amirkhani
http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-11592-en.html
http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-11592-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Literary Criticism
2008-0360
2538-2179
3
9
2010
5
1
The Functions of Narratee in Masnavi
91
113
FA
Abolghasem
Ghavām
Assistant Professor of Persian Literature, Ferdowsi University Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
N
Samirā
Bāmeshki
Ph.D. Student of Persian Language and Literature,
Y
Narratee is one of the major roles in each narration and its analysis can reveal the features of the narrative text. This study is an analysis of the influence of the narratee’s predilections and responses on Masnavi’s plot. Moreover, we tend to examine the other functions of narratees in Masnavi. Being addressed directly, the narratee is highly overt in Masnavi and plays a significant role in the course of the narration. The narratee’s questions and acts can determine or even shift the course of the plot. This paper examines four major functions of Masnavi’s narratee.
Narratology,Masnavi,narratee,Molavi.
http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-8576-en.html
http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-8576-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Literary Criticism
2008-0360
2538-2179
3
9
2010
5
1
A Survey of the Orientational Metaphors in Qur’an: a Cognitive Approach
116
139
FA
khadije
Hajian
TMU
N
A. K .Z .
Kambuziyā
Assistant Professor of Linguistics, Tarbiyat Modares University
N
An orientational metaphor is a metaphor in which concepts are spatially related to each other, as in the following ways: up or down, in or out, front or back, on or off, deep or shallow, central or peripheral. Such metaphorical orientations are not arbitrary. They originate from our physical and cultural experience. An orientational metaphor organizes a group or system of metaphorical concepts in terms associated with spatial orientation, for instance “up-down” and “front-back”. An example would be the fact that many metaphorical concepts concerning happiness (e.g. “feeling up”, “spirits were boosted”, “in high spirits”) have to do with the spatial orientation of “up”, whereas many metaphorical concepts of unhappiness (e.g. “feeling low”, “feeling down”, “sinking spirits”, “falling into depression”) have to do with “down”. These spatial orientational metaphors are so common that we often use them unconsciously. Those metaphors using the spatial orientation of “up”, “forward” and “on” seem to be associated with positive feelings and events, while terms such as “down” and “back” are associated with the negative. The majority of spatial orientational metaphors employed in the Qur’an can be divided into those that convey a positive experience or feeling and those that express a negative or less satisfactory event or emotion.
Qur’an,orientational metaphor,cognitive metaphor,mapping,cognition,schema.
http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-10389-en.html
http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-10389-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Literary Criticism
2008-0360
2538-2179
3
9
2010
5
1
An Analysis of “Pain and Suffering” in the Contemporary Women’s Poetry:
a Case Study of Forough Farrokhzad and Simin Behbahani
141
162
FA
mostafa
gorji
میدان انقلاب، خ دانشگاه. خ شهید وحید نظری. پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی جهاد دانشگاهی
Y
fateme
kupa
kk
N
Mohammad Reza
Kohandani
uni
N
“Pain and suffering” is one of the tragic aspects of the human life which, as a recurrent motif in art and literature, particularly in women’s contemporary poetry, requires a particular attention. This article presents an ontological analysis of the concept of “pain and suffering” in Forough Farrokhzad’s and Simin Behbahani’s poetry with respect to its quality, quantity, and instances. Accordingly, the article consists of a criticism and analysis of the concept of “pain and suffering,” its objectives, and its effects on the contemporary women’s poetry. Furthermore, an ontological discussion on the examples and different types of “pain and suffering” in Forough Farrokhzad’s and Simin Behbahāni’s poetry is presented.
Forough Farrokhzad,pain and suffering,Simien Behbahani,contemporary women’s poetry
http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-5166-en.html
http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-5166-en.pdf
Tarbiat Modares University
Literary Criticism
2008-0360
2538-2179
3
9
2010
5
1
A review on the article "Deep Mythical Construction of Roud Ravi\'s Novel"
166
171
FA
Narghes
Sangi
Y
http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-6120-en.html