@article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {7-31}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-23367-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-23367-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {34-56}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-23364-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-23364-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {57-85}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-26357-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-26357-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {88-116}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-23360-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-23360-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {117-142}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-23365-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-23365-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {143-170}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-23370-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-23370-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {11}, Number = {41}, pages = {172-184}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-23366-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-23366-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {}, title = {}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {7-28}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-29175-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-29175-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {banihashemi, bahm}, title = {Tazmin: A different term in the Bīdel Dehlavī\'s boutiquette}, abstract ={Tazmin: A different term in the Bīdel Dehlavī's boutiquette Bahman banihashemi[1] Abstract        One of the difficulties of Biddle Dehlavi's poetry is the understanding of meanings and special uses of words and expressions in his poems. Bidl uses some Persian terms with meaning and phrases and is foreign to the meaning and terminology of the words in Persian. "Tazmin" is one of these terms used by Biddle in a different sense, and sometimes he has made a combination of "Mesrae Tazmin".        In this article, first, the definitions and meanings of the Tazmin are examined in dictionaries and rhetorical books, and then the meaning of the term in Biddle's poems is analyzed. Also, the term "Mesrae Tazmin" is examined. The author's method in analyzing the meaning of this term is to use Biddle's own poems, and for this purpose, the uses of the term in Biddle's poems are determined and explained. In the end, the meaning of "Tazmin" and "Mesrae Tazmin" is examined in the poems of some of Biddle's contemporary poets and compared to their meanings in Biddle's poems. This article shows that the terms "Tazmin", "Mesrae Tazmin" and "Mazmoun" in the 12th century AH in the Indian subcontinent have become literally specialized terminology and have adopted new definitions. In these definitions, "Mazmoun" is used specifically for the meaning of "Mesrae Barjaste", and the term "Tazmin" refers to the process of "Mesra resaani" or "Pishmesra resaani", also referred to as the "Mazmoun bastan". "Mesrae Tazmin" is a term used to "Mesra or Pishmesrae resaande". Keywords list: Bidel dehlavi, Tzmin, Mesrae Tazmin, Mazmoun, Mesra resaandan, Indian style, Meaning analysis 1. PhD candidate, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.  bahmansher@gmail.com}, Keywords = {Bidel dehlavi,Tzmin,Mesrae Tazmin,Mazmoun,Mesra resaandan,Indian style,Meaning analysis,}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {29-52}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-17807-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-17807-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Poormozaffari, Davoo}, title = {The Archaeology and Genealogy of Miracle of Saints: A case study of the on “little food and infinite feeding”}, abstract ={ Manâqibs of Sufis (Hagiography) contain abundant stories that have been allocated to express wonder’s Sufis. The task of the article is an archeological approach to indicate regimes of truth in Manâqibs of Sufis, Shiite of Mânaqibs, the Prophet’s hagiography, the New Testament and the Old Testament. Then it reveals the rule of miracle of God is the hidden idea on the miracle of the saints. Miracles appears as a real continuance for the Prophet’s successors as a priority of the Prophet and his religious to other prophets and their religious. It also appears as a sign to confirm for prophethood. Having an affirmation of God and the claim of doing wonders puts Sufism in relations of power. It associates Sufism onto secular sides of social life being well-known to deny.}, Keywords = { Miracle of the saints, Sufism, Archaeology, Genealogy}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {53-83}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-21781-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-21781-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {yaghoobijanbehsaraei, parsa and Rahimi, Mansoor}, title = {Discursive Construction of the Plot in Mystical Biographical Reports: Hallaj Riwāyāt/Narratives}, abstract ={Biographical reports are a form of mystical narrativization that interpellates subjects with the aim of legitimization or delegitimization and organizes a fact or some facts in their favor or against them. A better understanding of these constructed facts requires explanation of the methods through which the plot of these reports are made from a discursive point of view. This study classifies and analyzes the discursive construction of plot in Hallaj narratives as a prototype of the two levels of legitimization and delegitimization in the biographical reports/accounts of fifthteen mystical books. To describe the process of signification and interpretation, some references are made to the concepts of Max Weber and Theo-Won Lyon for the legitimization process; some concepts by Foucault and Mary Douglas are also cited for delegitimization process. The result suggests that a group with a romantic-qalandari attitude have tried to legitimize Hallaj with the attribution of a form of authority, along with a positive moral assessment and mythologization to his narratives. Another group with an ascetic-religious attitude citing examples of religious-sharia and cultural-conventional disorder attributed to Hallaj, or his representation with an aim of removal or secrecy, have served the discourse of his exclusion and delegitimization. A third group have taken a middle standpoint. Although they have often defended Hallaj, in some cases they have raised some negative aspects of his life without any defense. Looking at these standpoints, it can be assumed that the type of stances are based on the epistemic-ideological world of the biographers...}, Keywords = {Mystical Narratives Biographical Reports/Accounts Discursive Plot Legitimization Delegitimization Hallaj}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {85-112}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-23788-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-23788-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Javidshad, Mahdi}, title = {How to Escape My Own Shadow?; A Critique of “Ideology and Interpellation of Black Americans’ Community in Amiri Baraka’s “In Memory of Radio”}, abstract ={One of the scientific faults that we occasionally face is the act of translating a published article into another language and publishing it in another journal as a new article. This may be done through some changes to title, key terms, structure, and content, leading finally to scientific faults in the second research. In the nineteenth number of the academic journal Critical Language & Literary Studies at Shahid Beheshti University, an article titled “Ideology and Interpellation of Black Americans’ Community in Amiri Baraka’s ‘In Memory of Radio’: An Althusserian Reading” (fall and winter 2017-2018, pages 187-208) by Seyyed Shahabedin Sadati and Alireza Jafari has been published which is very similar to an English article titled “The influence of ideological state apparatuses in identity formation: Althusserian reading of Amiri Baraka’s ‘In Memory of Radio’” published in International Journal of English and Literature (December 2013, pages 480-485). The author of the English article, Seyyed Shahabedin Sadati, is one of the authors of the Persian article who, by adding a co-author, making changes to the title and key terms, and incorporating additional materials, has tried to produce a new article, committing plagiarism along the way.}, Keywords = {plagiarism, translation, referencing, Critical Language &, Literary Studies}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {113-122}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-19143-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-19143-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Soltani, Behrouz and Razi, Ahmad and Nikouei, Alirez}, title = {The Pathology of the Application of Metaphor in the Process of Theory Construction of Mechanical Formalism}, abstract ={ارمغان نظریه‌های ادبی تحلیل نظام‌مند ماهیّت ادبیات است. نخستین مرحله از تکامل فرمالیسم روسی «فرمالیسم مکانیکی» یا «فرمالیسم تقلیل‌گرایی» نام دارد. این نظریه در ژرف‌ساخت اندیشگانی خود برای تبیین ماهیت ادبیات از اسم‌انگاشت «ادبیات ماشین است» بهره می‌برد. هر چند تبیین ماهیّت ادبیات از طریق استعارۀ ماشین زمینۀ بروز خلاقیت و تسهیل در توضیح و تبیین نظریه را برای نظریه‌پرداز فراهم می‌کند ولی پژوهش‌های معاصر نشان می‌دهد که استعاره‌ها فرایند ادارکی نظریه‌پرداز و در نتیجه فرایند مطالعۀ موضوع و فرمول‌بندی نهایی نظریۀ را نیز تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهند و به نوبۀ خود در بحث انتقال نظریۀ ادبی به سایر فرهنگ‌ها، کژکارکردهایی نیز خواهند داشت. چرا که ادراک هستی‌شناختی، معرفت‌شناختی و روش‌شناختی همۀ فرهنگ‌ها از حوزۀ مفهومی استعارۀ «ماشین» یکسان نیست. ازین‌رو، شاهد ظهور نوعی مطالعات فرمالیستی در زبان‌های مقصد، مانند زبان فارسی هستیم که تلقی خاصی از روش‌شناسی فرمالیستی دارند. بنابراین این نوشتار در صدد است با رویکرد توصیفی‌ ـ تحلیلی کارکردها و کژکارکردهای استعارۀ ماشین را در تبیین ماهیت اثر ادبی در فرایند نظریه‌پردازی فرمالیسم مکانیکی و نیز انتقال آن بررسی کند. برای این منظور ضمن بررسی ریشه‌های فکری و اندیشگانی اندیشۀ جهان ماشینی به نقش تقلیل‌گرایی دکارتی در شکل‌گیری سطوح مختلف نظریۀ فرمالیستی می‌پردازیم و سپس بر پایۀ علل اربعۀ ارستویی به مقایسۀ ماشین و ادبیات می‌پردازیم و تفاوت‌های ادراکی «ماشین» را در زبان‌های روسی، انگلیسی و فارسی به شکل مختصر بررسی می‌کنیم. بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد که تبیین ماهیت ادبیات بر مبنای استعارۀ مکانیکی، در مرحلۀ نظریه‌پردازی موجب شده است نظریه‌پرداز در فرمول‌بندی نظریه برای رسیدن به یک روش‌شناسی خلاق و سازگار با اثر ادبی ناکام بماند، و در مرحلۀ انتقال نیز تفسیر و کاربست آن با نوعی بدفهمی مواجه شود.}, Keywords = {Theorizing,Interpretation,Quiddity,Function and Misfunction of Machine Metaphor,Mechanical Formalism.,}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {123-147}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-15467-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-15467-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {mohammadikalesar, Alirez}, title = {critical study of the Application of Literary Theory in scientific researches (case study: structural narratology)}, abstract ={Non-methodological applying literary theory is one of the more important weakness’ of the literary studies in the Persian language. This weakness is more related to methodological wrongs of applying literary theory than to correct understanding of the one theory. Investigating the scientific research papers in the field of structural narratology, in this article, we aim to introduce and analyze the major drawbacks in applying to these theories and the causes and consequences of these drawbacks. The results of this research indicate that the nonchalance in applying to these theories lead to methodological wrongs in these articles. The most important of these wrongs are the educational and superficial approach to these theories, inattention to the basis of the theories, reductive approach to them. A Statistical investigating 90 scientific research papers, published from 2011 to 2017, in the end, we indicate these articles have no effective role in the process of forming the following ones.}, Keywords = {literary theory structural narratology methodology scientific research article pathology}, volume = {11}, Number = {42}, pages = {149-172}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-23237-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-23237-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rajabi, Zahr}, title = {An Attitude to Literary Allusion Based on New Approaches to Literary Criticism and Interdisciplinary Studies}, abstract ={In recent years in Iran, the development of interdisciplinary studies has caused a variety of attitudes toward literary topics to be created especially in literary criticism. However, in these studies use of interdisciplinary capacities for a more accurate understanding and creating transformation in other literary fields such as rhetoric and classical aesthetics of Persian poetry has largely been neglected. Therefore, the present research seeks to address allusion topic in rhetoric by a descriptive-analytic approach and to identify and introduce this rhetorical element based on new interdisciplinary studies approaches and literary criticism. The results of the research indicate that allusion despite its apparent simplicity is one of the most complex and multilayer elements of the rhetoric that can be examined and looked up using the modern achievements of various disciplines such as linguistics, semiotics, sociology and some theories and discussions of literary criticism}, Keywords = {Interdisciplinary Studies Literary criticism Rhetoric Allusion}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {7-37}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-20638-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-20638-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Javidshad, Mahdi and Hadaegh, Bahee}, title = {Bozorg Alavi’s “Gileh Mard”: Against Ideology or an Ideological Apparatus?}, abstract ={In a controversial decision, Louis Althusser classifies literature as the apparatuses through which the dominant ideology is disseminated. Yet, is it possible to place the works that explicitly expose State Apparatuses in such classification? Bozorg Alavi’s “Gileh Mard” uncovers power exertion of the dominant system on a character who has ignored and challenged class coalition. The powerful presence of Repressive State Apparatus, and to some extent Ideological Apparatuses, indicate the writer’s awareness of the functions of apparatuses in changing individuals into the system’s desired subject, and this portrayal is probably an indication of his inclination to dissect such power functions for his readers. This claim is supported by the fact that Alavi was self-consciously leftist in politics and realism in depicting social disorders was one of his writing styles. The question that arises is whether Alavi’s “Gileh Mard” is a literary product that shakes the pillars of ideology, or the short story itself becomes finally an Ideological State Apparatus, serving the dominant system? While the present research provides an Althusserian answer to this question through referring to Lenin and Philosophy and “A Letter on Art”, it explores the shortcomings of the Althusserian approach through the “aesthetic of reception”.}, Keywords = {Althusser, literature, ideology, Bozorg Alavi, Gileh Mard}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {39-61}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-20797-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-20797-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Jahandidekoodehi, Naghi (Sina) and Nikouei, Alirez}, title = {The Metaphorical Course of Khayyamiyat; An Investigation of Discursive Change from “Tarkibe Tabaye to Tarkibe Pialeh”}, abstract ={Khayyamiyat as a discourse was gradually formed in the course of three decades (from the seventh to the ninth centuries) and was signified through local and historical landmarks. This discourse has been formed through a dialogical and dialectic construct. the Shariah- holders’ harsh reaction against the argument, inquiry, and metaphors of the famous quatrain “Tarkibe Tabaye” indicates that Khayyamiyat began with philosophical inquiries in the rising hegemony of theological discourse. The formation of the quatrain “Tarkib-e Pialeh” followed by “Tarkib-e Tabaye” (replacing Koozeh / Pialeh with Tabaye / Badan and Charkhe Koozehgari with Charkhe Falak) indicate a metaphorical movement that struggles to change philosophical-theological inquiries into aesthetic issues. With the inauguration of this groundbreaking metaphor, many quatrains were produced throughout centuries. With this perspective, it is also possible to differently analyze the issue of “wandering quatrains” and the search for “original quatrains” that are emerging discussions and the outcome of contemporary ideologies as well as modern man’s mind. In fact, the displaced quatrains as defense mechanism turn to discursive author by ignoring the work’s author, and they foretell the workings of signifiers in the two contending discourses. The present research tries to discuss the three centuries of discontinuities and evolutions in Khayyamiyat through tracing the course of the two quatrains “Tarkibe Tabaye and Tarkibe Pialeh” as a metaphorical movement and through a report of the encounter of the four groups of the Shariah- holders and theologians, historians, poets and editors, and anthologists of the quatrains with the two quatrains.  }, Keywords = {Khayyamiyat “Tarkibe Tabaye -Tarkibe Pialeh rhetoric discursive break}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {63-90}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-25540-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-25540-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {AmeliRezaei, MARYAM}, title = {Ethical Criticism and New Approachesو Case Study: Three Short Stories}, abstract ={Moral criticism is an approach to the literature presently discussed with a new view. Many contemporary behavioralists and authors didn't yet believe in the former dogmas (moralism and autonamism) but in the way of using art and ethics from each other.  In the past, ethics is defined not based on the emotions and sensations but the speech capability. In this view, literature served the ethics. Moral topics presentation methods in past advising texts were usually directly by relying on the news or compositionsentences or referring to the words of authors. T By appearing the sentimental approaches and paying attention to the role of imagination in sympathy, relation of literature and ethics changed. Nowadays, ethics is not only a collection of composition sentences reflected in the literature, and the purpose of literature is not the promotion of ethics. Literature, narrative and fictional texts promote our recognition and awareness more than others by partial recognition and direct expression of human experiences and emotions and search in the human being, being possible through our simulation with others by the imagination. This research analyzes the moral presentation methods in 20 Persian short stories. Consideration of the different forms of moral conflicts, presentation and description of details, use of objective and subjective point of view, use of metaphor, symbol or simile and ironic situations are the most important techniques of story writing in inspiring the moral message to the audience.  }, Keywords = {Imagination, Ethicism Sympathy, Fictional Literature}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {91-126}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-22616-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-22616-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Chiman, Fathi and moharrami, ramin and zahiri, bijan and giti, shahriyar}, title = {Nature of Ferdowsi\'s Shahnameh Based on the Unity of Hegelian Subjectivity and Objectivity}, abstract ={Despite the harmony and consistency in  Ferdowsi's Shahnameh's with Hegel's belief  in his aesthetic lessons about  the features of “proper epic”, he calls Shahnameh incommensurate and lacking an independent functional center. He knows the proper epic, the manifestation of the totality of the world of a nation, which is the result of the human manifestation of incomprehensible myths. Therefore, the original epic poetry, as the first stage of the self-consciousness of the absolute soul, can be regarded as absolute art, which, by creating a kind of collective consciousness in the historical community, has the highest degree of consistency between the subject and the object. The aesthetics of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh also focuses on the actual fulfillment of mythological content, namely: "the controversy of the opposing forces. In this paper, first, using Hegel's views on proper epic, we have answered his criticism about Shahnameh, and then, relying on the categories of "Hegelian philosophy", including: the family, the system of needs, and the country or goverment, in the category of social ethics, in a comparative analysis method, we will prove that Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, like some of the world's greatest epic, unlike Hegel's views, has the most prominent features of an  proper epic with the power to convey the common religious and moral understanding of the world, is a global and lasting art.  }, Keywords = {Aesthetics of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Hegelian philosophy of art, subjectivity and e objectivity, unity.}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {127-156}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-27861-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-27861-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {molooodi, fo}, title = {Ayenehaye Dardar:the link between Narrating and Golshiri’s theory on the model of aesthetic independence of the fiction”.}, abstract ={Narrating as a third person, limited to the mind of the character, is one of the common methods in Golshiri’s works; (as in Shazde Ehtejab, parts of Christian and Kid, parts of Bare Gomshode Raii and some stories of daste tarik, daste roshan). Golshiri has proved himself as a specialist of this method. So, actualization of all the related facilities of Persian Language in narration is one of the most remarkable aspects of his privilege in fiction of 60s and 70s. Based on the coming up evidences and analysis, in this paper we have stated that in narrating Ayene haye Dar dar, Goshiri has stepped beyond Persian fiction and introduced a restricted narrator:  this restricted narrator narrates not only the main layer, but also the lower layers of the story and links all of them in a complex and multi-layered manner. In addition, all the signs of the presence of “hidden author” in the story is presented to the reader, mediated by this narrator. The whole research has been done to answer a fundamental question: in the midst of all these attempts to establish ties and proximity between these layers and the characters at each level (these characters are mostly writers), why Golshiri, using his restricted narrator, has attempted to draw a boundary –though very pale and not recognizable- between them to claim that they are close but not identical? This article answers this question, considering Golshiri’s theory on the model of  “aesthetic independence of the fiction”.      }, Keywords = {Hooshang Golshiri, Ayenehaye Dardar, Limited narrator, Layers of fiction, Hidden author, Aesthetic of fiction, Independence of the literary text.}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {157-182}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-27969-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-27969-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {HosseiniSarvari, Najme}, title = {The critical study of academic papers about the minimalism in tales}, abstract ={This paper attempts to apply a critical perspective to study 30 academic papers about the similarities between tales with the minimalistic stories in the western literature. For this purpose, the mentioned academic papers are analyzed through a descriptive-analytic method in two main themes, including the ethics and principles of scientific research and the accuracy and reliability of the findings and results. The results of this study show that the mentioned papers possess several errors in term of adhering to the ethics and principles od scientific research. These errors include self-plagiarism, repetitive structures, repetitive and resembling titles, negligence over conducting research background, deficiency in the structure and framework of the whole article, and the absence of integrity, which means copying and quoting other resources without any citation to the original reference, using false and inaccurate quotes and changing or manipulating the sayings of other references. Moreover, including non-fiction texts, dilating unnecessary and irrelevant themes and topics, bringing up inaccurate analysis and evidence, neglecting over the reliability of claims, and finally, the absence of any new, clear and correct findings are the issues showing that all the analyzed papers lack the authenticity and reliability necessary for the scientific research. Considering the main purpose of all these papers which is to prove that tales and minimalistic stories are the same literary genres, producing several academic papers on the same topic has no academic necessity. }, Keywords = {critical study tale minimalistic story academic papers}, volume = {11}, Number = {43}, pages = {183-215}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-24382-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-24382-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {baloo, farz}, title = {A critique of the conventional conception of Gadamerian philosophical As a hermeneutic reader-centered}, abstract ={Gadamer under the influence of Heidegger's views on the subject of Dasein's understanding, language, linguisticality, and historicity. , Founded a philosophical hermeneutics. Without reading the text, like his predecessors, Schleiermacher and Dilthey by adopting the method, and focusing on the author in pursuit of the author's intentions, or the reader as the focal point of the subject of understanding and reading the text, Inspired by Heidegger's ontological philosophy Correspondence Subject - subject between the reader and the text, and the Fusion of horizons is the final result of the dialogue between the reader and the text. While one of the most important misconceptions about Gadamerian philosophical hermeneutics in popular research is that it is mistakenly interpreted from the philosophical hermeneutics to hermeneutic reader-centered.This mistake is rooted in such reasons as: the lack of attention to changing the methodological approach in philosophical hermeneutics to the political approach, the wrongly interpretation of the concept of adaptation or application in philosophical hermeneutics, the lack of attention to the concept of play in philosophical hermeneutics, the distinction of subject and object, and the lack of precise attention to The Fusion of horizons in philosophical hermeneutics is a lack of separation between the realm of philosophical hermeneutics and literary hermeneutics and ....The present research studies the roots of this misunderstanding.}, Keywords = {Gadamer,philosophical hermeneutics,misunderstanding,reader-centered Fusion of horizons,literary hermeneutics}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {7-28}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-29912-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-29912-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Hassanli, Kavoss and zadehhasan, nasri}, title = {A study in Criticism and Interpretation Mohammad Hoghooghi\'s Approaches}, abstract ={One of the important measutres in exploring the evolution of literary criticism in Iran is the review of critical works with the aim of identifying their stregths and weaknesses along with quality evaluation. Given the need for such an attitude in the realm of literary research, the authors resolved to evaluate the critical approach assumed by Mohammad Hoghoogi, one of the most renowned pioneers of New criticism in Iran. Hence, his critical works have been studied using content analysis and descriptive-analytical approaches and their characteristics have been explained. According to the finding, Hoghooghi is mostly concentrated on formal features and morphology of literary work and his critiques are majorly structured on three principles, namely language and diction, settings and idea, and form and structure which are commonly referred to as Hoghooghis critique traingle. Such formalistic propensity along with his interest to structure have led some of his interpretations to become roughly superficial or enthusiastic, and though approximating modern and scientific criticism, his critiques go to ex tremes in some cases and fail to demonstrate the true value of literary work.}, Keywords = {,Mohammad Hoghooghi,literary criticism,language and diction,setting and idea,form and structure}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {29-50}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-29475-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-29475-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rasmi, Atekeh and Rasmi, Sakineh}, title = {The accordance of Hero’s journey with Campbell’s model in “Mehr-o-mah” epopee written by Jamali Dehlavi}, abstract ={There is a great accordance between Campbell’s mono myth and the archetype of hero’s journey in the epopee of “Mehro-mah”. Mah, Bedakhshan’s prince, has been invited to a journey by seeing a dream about Mehr who is the princess of Rome. King of Bedakhshan attempts to present that dream as an imagination and not real and avoid his son of going to that far land. However, the mendicant of Bedakhshan cave encourages Mahr to start his journey with mercury. In his journey, Mah encounters so many dangers and was able to overcome the examinations and finally marries Mehr. After getting together with his beloved, he feels reluctant to return to his home town. However, in one Spring celebration he suddenly remembers of his father and land. At the same time Khezr appears in front of him and informs him of his father’s death. The shocking news turns Mah in such a distressed condition that leads to his death. Later Mehr and other close friends of them also passed away and they were all buried in a garden which was later called “Rozatol-ahbab”.This essays tries to match the steps of hero’s journey to Campbell’s theory. The archetype of journey to which most of the hero’s journey can be matched has been founded by Josef Campbell based on Jung’s opinion. According to this theory the hero’s journey is constructed in three levels : 1.transformation 2.atonement 3.return. the main core of this theory is called mono myth.}, Keywords = {Mehr-o-mah,Campbell,Jamali Dehlavi,hero’s journey}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {51-80}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-32048-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-32048-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Seyedan, Maryam}, title = {The method of Narrating in Seyar al-molook by Khajeh Nizam al-Molk (According to Some Parts of the Structuralism Theories)}, abstract ={In the cultural history of Iran, some didactic books have been written to rulers. These books not only have so many linguistic and historical values, but also reveal theoretical topics in the area of politics as well as the practical ways of using them. In addition, one can recognize the political and social moralities of rulers, by these books. Narrating was the most common way of expressing the meanings which the writers of these books wanted to share. Seyar al-molook (Siyasat-nameh), created by Khaje Nizam al-Molk, is one of the most important Adab al-molook (royal more)s in Persian, has been written in the 5th century. This book chiefly includes the numerous tales which the writer expresses some policy and ethical recommendations among them, for Saljuqian rulers. In this article, it has been studied on the tales of 39 chapters of the book, according to some parts of the Criticism of Structuralism. First, it is indicated some parts of the Structuralism Criticism which are used in this article. Second, the tales was separated with numbers. third, it is discussed about the time, mood, voice, the structure of actors and plot, according to Structuralism theory. Forth, the writer has written the conclusions.}, Keywords = {Seyar al-molook (Siyasat-nameh) tale Structuralism narration time mood voice actant plot. }, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {81-115}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-25520-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-25520-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Amene, Aali and alinejad, hasan and nematolahi, halime}, title = {Synthesis of interdisciplinary studies of children’s literature by considering audience}, abstract ={The purpose of this research is to analysis the attention to the audience in interdisciplinary studies in the field of children’s literature and suggest criteria for future research. In order to achieve this goal, the position of the audience has been described and analyzed in the structural elements of the research, including: purpose, components, method, and sample. Using Synthesis Research, 38 interdisciplinary research papers, including scientific articles and senior and doctoral dissertations, were selected and then their research structural elements were extracted and analyzed in descriptive tables. Based on the findings, three main goals were considered in these studies: Frequency, Representation, and Component Comparison. The studied components also fall into three areas of knowledge: psychology and education, sociology and culture, and ethics and religion. the number of components in the field of psychology and education is more than the other two. The research methodology of all studies was a content analysis method, and the sample of all of them was the child books, which was determined according to five criteria: year of publication and age group, author's name or particular book, type of story, specific subject, and selected books. Among them, the first criterion has been most widely used. Finally this study outlines the critical areas of research on children’s literature and identifies areas of further research.}, Keywords = {child-audience interdisciplinary studies children’s literature synthesis research}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {117-142}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-22870-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-22870-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {GhorbanianRahvard, Saeed and emaratimoghaddam, davoo}, title = {A study of the misperception and mis-application of the concept of defamiliarization in academic essays published by the Iranian scholars}, abstract ={This essay aims to explore the drawbacks and fundamental deficiencies of studies that claim to apply or discuss the concept of defamiliarization in the realm of Persian language through a critical analysis of published academic research articles. A review of 30 articles published in prestigious Iranian journals during the period of 1996 to 2016 illustrates that many researchers in Iran have serious misperceptions regarding the concept of defamiliarization. These common misconceptions in appreciation and application of the term defamiliarization can be categorized as follows: 1) disregard for the methodological principles of the Russians formalists; 2) presentation of concocted definitions of defamiliarization, and 3) confusion of the concept of defamiliarization with similar terms, in particular reducing it to the basic and traditional principles of rhetoric. On the one hand, these drawbacks have given rise to a plethora of studies that intend to examine truisms and on the other hand, it has reduced this concept to a mere embellishment in academic circles. As a consequence, a fertile ground has been prepared for researchers to churn out articles that disseminate analogous misconceptions in this area.}, Keywords = {1- Defamiliarization 2- Pathology 3- Russian Formalism 4- Foregrounding 5- Traditional Rhetoric}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {143-168}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-27720-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-27720-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {yaghoobijanbehsaraei, pars}, title = {The Periphery in Mysticism: From Summoning the Periphery to Going Beyond the Binary of the Center and the Periphery}, abstract ={  Socio-religious discourses, based on polarist epistemology, form the epistemic world into a system of Center and the Periphery and then subject the periphery to suppression and silence. This practice has extended to most signifying systems, including literary genres. Among the literary genres, the super-genre of Iranian-Islamic mysticism, titled love mysticism displays a different account of the construction of the periphery and the binary system governing that construction. In this paper, along with introducing the construction of the margin and its examples in the dominant Socio-religious discourses, the different accounts of the mystics are classified and interpreted with the reasons for each of them. The result shows that the mystics apply a deconstructive reading, building their argument on the unitarian discourse of love mysticism, the ontological requirement of the existence and presence of margins, the necessity of a romantic relationship, the denial of mediation, and similar reasons, to take the three fixed categories of the peripheral, including humans in the general sense, the un-prostrating, and the unreasoning, from the margins of the system to its center. Then, on another level, via a dialectical reading and the suspension of the objectifying process, they go beyond the binary of the center and the periphery. The suspension of the objectifying process in mystics’ representations is the equalization of the center and the periphery, such as the equality of disbelief and belief, the world and the hereafter, and so on. Although the function of these readings in the social context is a change ... }, Keywords = {,mystical writing,mystical reading,center and the periphery,deconstruction,dialogism.}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {169-203}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-31204-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-31204-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sadati, Seyyed Shahabeddi}, title = {Prejudice Depraves Criticism: A Critique of “How to Escape My Own Shadow”}, abstract ={An article related to literary criticism requires precise definitions, theory and methodology. In literary criticism, one must distance himself/herself from personal criteria and seek for objective and scientific criteria. A literary critic with knowledge and experience, by adopting an objective method, distances himself/herself from prejudice and provides a disinterested criticism. Distraction from the principles of objective and disinterested criticism leads to the destruction of criticism. But sometimes there are writings that refuse to adhere to these principles; they are based only on personal criteria or conspiracy theories. Mehdi Javid Shad has published an article, “How to Escape My Own Shadow; A Critique of “Ideology and Interpellation of Black Americans’ Community in Amiri Baraka’s “In Memory of Radio”, in Literary Criticism Quarterly (no. 42). He has refused to provide accurate and scientific definitions, hypothesis and methodology because by referring to scientific and objective definitions, the basis of his writing (the charge of plagiarism) faces serious questions. He based his argument on personal assumptions and dismissed disinterested criticism to finish his note by relying on mistakes, secrecy, and conspiracy theories. By relying on the definition of plagiarism, the views of Matthew Arnold, Michel Foucault, Jorge Luis Borges, as well as the principles and methods of research, the present research attempts to highlight the mistakes made by Javid Shad in order to shed light on the other articles of this type.}, Keywords = {Disinterested Criticism,Plagiarism,Prejudice,Translation}, volume = {11}, Number = {44}, pages = {205-221}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-31384-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-31384-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2018} }