@article{ author = {Ghasemipour, Ghodrat}, title = {Blending of Story and Discourse in Postmodern Persian fictions}, abstract ={In this essay the blending of story and discourse in postmodern Persian fictions is analyzed. According to structuralist narratologists' definition, story is the sequence of actions upon to chronological order that characters or existents undergo them; Discourse or narrative discourse is the medium that is selected for narrating the story. In some postmodern fictions, we see some narratives that in their stories or deep-structures, there is not a rich story, and the author don’t want to just narrate, represent or mimic a story. In these narratives, surface-structure and deep-structure (or discourse and story) is blending and spinning so that we cannot summaries that story, or transmit that story to another medium. In the other hand, story existence is depended to narrative discourse. Such narrative technique is evident in some postmodern Persian fictions. In this essay, in addition to discussing the blending of story and discourse, Persian fictions that had this trait are analyzed.}, Keywords = {narratology,Story,Discourse,Postmodern Persian fictions}, volume = {7}, Number = {26}, pages = {7-22}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-6964-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-6964-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Stance and Engagement in Book Reviews of Persian Literary Books}, abstract ={Hyland’s Model was the first framework to examine interaction between writer and reader of a text under two key concepts, i.e. stance and engagement. According to this model, any writer (un)consciously employs a number of linguistic devices such as hedges, boosters, attitude markers and self-reference to present his or her stance over a topic, and likewise uses some other devices like reader pronoun, imperatives, interrogatives, shared knowledge as well as personal asides to establish readers' engagement. In this study, a number of book reviews on Persian literary books have been analyzed thanks to the model proposed by Hyland. The corpus of study includes 100 book reviews; 50 reviews are selected from academic referred journals and 50 ones are taken from general journals. Once the corpus is designed, the linguistic devices related to stance and engagement have been extracted and counted. The findings showed that for each 11.7 words of the corpus, 1 word or expression of stance or engagement has been used. The negative attitude markers and imperatives are the most and least frequent devices respectively. It is shown that book review articles appeared in academic journals tend to be more critical, and furthermore, the articles published in the decade 1380 (Iranian calendar) put much more weight on attitude markers. It is also shown that the density of interaction markers is high in the ending section of book reviews. Taking the gender variable into account, it is revealed that male critics are more explicit in presenting their stance, while female critics are more willing in using engagement devices.}, Keywords = {book review,Stance,Engagement,Persian literarture}, volume = {7}, Number = {26}, pages = {23-48}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-9313-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-9313-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Razavi, Fatim}, title = {Deconstructive analysis of feminine writing: Comparison of Tāj-al-Salṭana\'s style and Aziz-al-Soltan\'s style}, abstract ={Text analysis based on deconstructive approche is one of the new perspective to literary criticism. This view look for contradictions within the text Thereby deconstructing the binary oppositions founded the text and demonstrating that this oppositions do not have firm base. According extensive studies in women speech and writing in different years and cultures, some character are attributed to women as feminist style. in This opposition, regardless of rating, feminist style is in contrast to masculin’s. Feminine characteristics consists of Frequently used forms of expressive language, vague and imprecise language and intensifier, applications and prayers, hailing forms, sentences as opposed to rules of grammar and incomplete sentences, Frequently use of intonation, stop and stress, simple language, detailed writing, Speaking from a position of weakness and lack of authoritarianism and use of processes that do not require a lot of mental activity. this article demonstrates that attributing some of the features to feminine writing do not have solid base and alter within changing social and cultural factors, by analyzing the Memories of Taj-ol-Saltana as feminist narrative and comparing that with memories of Aziz-al-Soltan known by Malijak as masculine narrative which written in same context of Memories of Taj-ol-Saltana. Evidence that led us to this involved of writing from a position of strength, the active voice and use of complex mental processes.}, Keywords = {deconstruction,postmodern feminism,Feminine writing,Memories of Taj-ol-Saltana,memories Malijak (Aziz-al-Soltan)}, volume = {7}, Number = {26}, pages = {49-65}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-7779-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-7779-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {ghasemzadeh, seyed ali}, title = {Sociology of behavior in “Tanab Keshi” novel based on the theory of “stigma”}, abstract ={One of the procedures of criticism is the combination approach of sociology-psychology in analyzing the literal texts, especially a drama and mental situation of a traumatized and terrified person in an autocratic society that is realized from storied writings, particularly novels. Tanab Keshi, written by Majid Gheisari, is a realistic novel about the holy defense. This novel depicts the living conditions of a traumatized Persian origin family, away from the imposed war between Iran and Iraq. This study has clarified the intertexual relation by Rolan Barests` theory—intertexuality reading—; then, base on Ervin Gaffman`s theory – stigma—and the theoretical approach of Adler—inferiority complex—has tried to find a remedy to retrieve the blemished identity of a traumatized character. This study indicates that the novel`s text has a hidden intertexual connection with the three of the previous texts: Quran, stigma, and Masnavi Molana.Ethnic-religious stigma that involves other family members is a sign of mental-cultural problems of an autocratic society. One of the consequences of this kind of stigma for family members is having disappointment about being accepted by the society; moreover, the feeling of having an ominous destiny, unsafety, and also being stranded in perilous mental obsessions such as, inferiority complex which has affected Fares (the narrator) and made him to have a defensive and forcible reaction, so that it has brought malice and vengeance.}, Keywords = {stigma,inferiority complex,intertextuliry,Tanab Keshi novel,Majid Gheisari}, volume = {7}, Number = {26}, pages = {61-80}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-2427-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-2427-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {rooyani, vahid and hatami, mansour}, title = {The Siavash Kasraei′s Arash and Iran literary field}, abstract ={Pierre Bourdieu pioneered a new theory for analysis of texts in sociology of literature. According to his theory, everyone in his lifetime engages in economical, political, cultural and literal fields, and those movements happen in these fields-conscious or unconscious– will influences on his personality. Based on Bourdieu's theory however a literary work is affected by the various fields but when that most connected with the literary field will have a literary value and because the form is the most inner issue in the literary field, any work has more contact with form and less contact with other fields has more value. Kasraei′s Arash kamangir is the first and the most popular reproduction of this myth in literary field of Iran. Analysis of this poem in Bourdieu's approach shows that because we can see the traces of the poetʹs goals in this poem, and the poem in many parts slides up on to the other fields, its literary value is reduced. In some sections of poetry we can see words like “People” and “mass” and themes like “praise of work” and “life” that beside of the Metaphysically and nationalistically elements shows the effective of Marxism field in this work.}, Keywords = {Arash kamangir,Siavash Kasraei,Bourdieu,Marxism}, volume = {7}, Number = {26}, pages = {67-89}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-4933-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-4933-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Exploring in linguistic structure and content of national anthems (A comparative study of Asian countries and countries of the UN Security Council\'s five permanent members)}, abstract ={Abstract National anthems known as texts constructed based on symbolic approaches and focus of national attention are always significant and demand investigation. This research is intended to study the national anthem from the perspective of linguistics in the context of critical discourse analysis and discourse theory (the combination of tools of Van Dijk approaches and theory of Laclau & mouffe). This research is trying to answer the following questions: What are the nodal points of each country´s national anthem? What are the discourse linguistic similarities and differences between the findings in the national anthems? To this end, the national anthems of the 48 Asian countries as well as countries of the UN Security Council's five permanent members will not be reviewed. Among the national anthems, 62 indicating that the main concern of all people were obtained. The most The findings of this study indicate that the use of linguistic discourse of the present time (%97) significantly more than double future (%65) and the past (%59) is. 12 Asian countries (25%) in their national anthems and emphasized on the polarity opposition of "us" versus "them" and all of them are among the developing countries. And the remaining 36 (75%) only praise themselves and believe in theirs, not against it. The frequency of positive words in (93%) is greater than negative words. The use of negative words in the developed countries is much lower than in other countries - that's 63% of it is used only positive words. Among the permanent members of the Security Council of the Russian national anthem of maximum similarity, the languages with other Asian countries have anthems and greatest divergence from other members of the Security Council. Keywords: national anthem, analyzing (critical) discourse, nodal point, us versus them, developmental procedure}, Keywords = {«national anthem»,«analyzing (critical) discourse»,« nodal point»,«us versus them»,«developmental procedure»}, volume = {7}, Number = {26}, pages = {91-121}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-5118-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-5118-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Pirloojeh, Hossei}, title = {Structural Analysis of Narrative at the Story level: A Case Study on Pagard}, abstract ={Narrative, like Language, is a concept abstracted from various representations of a semiotic system in the name of “narrative poetics”, i.e. a kind of grammar which maintains structural cohesion within a narrative text and provides such a text with the features necessary for its narrativehood. For the concept of narrativehood to be defined more clearly in this article, the bi-stratal mechanism of narrative system is investigated, after structural narratology, just at the story level. Focusing on narrative structure at this level, the article holds that the mere chronological sequence of events in a discourse is quite sufficient for it to be judged as narrative - whether logically consistent or not. Also, comparing narrative with linguistic semiosis and analyzing it within the frameworks of structural linguistics, the article points up the indispensability of poetics and its key concepts (including narrativehood) from narrative studies, however outmoded they may appear long after the scientific credibility of poetics was deluded by traditional narratologists. These objectives are achieved through a structuralist analysis of Pagard (Shahsavari, 2005), seeking the novel for the major constituents of narrative and the hierarchical relations among them. In spite of structuralists, thus, narrativehood is defined both as a function of one specific superstructure, and an attribute common to all narrative texts.}, Keywords = {Story,Plot,narrativehood,structural narratology,Pagard}, volume = {7}, Number = {26}, pages = {123-145}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-11548-en.html}, eprint = {http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-11548-en.pdf}, journal = {Literary Criticism}, issn = {2008-0360}, eissn = {2538-2179}, year = {2014} }